hunting upon an elephant with the Cham of Tartary-Why, body o'me! man, I have made a cuckold of a King, and the prefent Majefty of Bantam is the iffue of thefe loins." Such BOASTS as thefe, however, are at worst only contemptible; but the word PUFF is come into difcredit for dishonesty of late, fince for the newfpaper trick of calling undeserved attention to violet foap, or other equally paltry commodities, we have adopted the term PUFF. BOLD, SAUCY, AUDACIOUS, IMPUDENT. "YOU are a SAUCY fellow," fays dying Catherine in Shakespeare's Henry the Eighth, when a meffenger running in haftily forgets his due obeisance to the expiring Queen, who adds with equal dignity and pathos-" Deferve we no more reverence?" A BOLD man is one who speaks blunt truths, out of season perhaps, and is likely enough to be called SAUCY, though naturally unwilling to be fo. Clytus was BOLD when he thwarted Alexander's pride at the feaft; and Sir Thomas More loft one of the wifeft heads ever worn by man, through his honeft boldness, or BOLD honefty. IMPUDENT is chiefly appropriated to coarse vices in converfation; that adjective and its fynonymous fubftitute AUDACIous, are used by us chiefly on rough occafions, where virtue has no place. It had a higher rank in Latin: Unus et hic audax, fays Ovid, mentioning tioning a ftout-hearted mariner willing to face that ftorm which threatening kept the rest at home; but we have degraded it from its original rank, and fay familiarly, An IMPUDENT young man laft week in Ireland forced a fine girl away from her parents' houfe, and married her wholly without their confent, and half without her own because he fancied her poffeffed of a confiderable fortune. When the mistake was at length discovered, he BOLDLY brought her back ruined-replied to the remonftrances of her old father with a SAUCY air, and AUDACIOUSLY denying his marriage-turned her back upon her hands, quitted the island, refolving to fcorn all thoughts of reparation, and to return no more. BOOK, VOLUME, WORK. THESE words may eafily be confounded certainly, yet would the mistakes be of more confequence to literature than to common difcourfe; for although BOOK by its derivation apparently means the flat form, originally made of beech wood, in which the WORKS of learned men are now regularly comprised, it has affumed another fenfe befide, and points out the fections into which thofe great wORKS are divided.We fay the fifteenth or twentieth BOOK of Homer's Iliad, and tell how Herodotus called his nine BOOKS by the names of the nine Mufes. &c. while VOLUME, derived a volvendo, from the rolling D 2 ling them upon fticks as a mercer rolls filk, only that the parchment was kept firm by two ram's horns at the ends, fignifies the quantity of BOOKS divided by the author into portions, and called VOLUMES. Before the art of printing, which is a very late one, was known, a library confifted in an immenfe number of thefe VOLUMES: the earliest we read of is the Houfe of Rolls in the fcripture mentioned by Efdras, and fuppofed to be built by Nehemiah-a library having been always an appendage to a church; and accordingly the library of the Vatican is now one of the moft fplendid in Europe. The Ptolemæan and the Alexandrian Libraries have filled the world with their fame-perhaps with their smoke too, fince, as Pope fays, one might From fhelf to fhelf fee greedy Vulcan roll, But those who fignalize themfelves in the cause of liberty, falfely fo called, have ever waged war against BOOK learning; and when democracy burns with moft fervour, it points the fire towards all repofitories of literature, and combats the Arts, the Altar, and the Throne, as if it confidered them united very clofely. See the infurrection of Jack Cade in England - the Mountain Faction in France, and every other burft of popular phrenfy. Meantime, the materials of which вOOKS were made being changed from stone, on which the long-revered and now firft infulted Decalogue was given, and treaties engraved Engraved between Greece and Perfia, as our Marbles at Oxford can teftify-vegetable fubftances were put in place of mineral ones, and the burning of BOOKS became a punishment for authors; and fo grievous a one did poor Labienus find it, that we read how he fhut himself up in the tomb of his ancestors, and actually pined his life away between grief and rage for lofs of his dear VOLUMES, though he had not neglected while in his poffeffion to get them all by heart, fo that his counfel did cry out, "You had better burn the man too." There is ftill a faying I believe among the learned-Legere et negligere nec legere eft; and the Spaniards themfelves cry out, Libro cerrado, no faca letrado."We endure reproofs from our friends in leather jackets (faid a fcholar to me once), which we fhould never fupport if pronounced by contemporaries in lace and tiffue;" and fo it is that the little virtue and knowledge we do poffefs, has been bestowed on us by good authors, to whom we are obliged for our best spent moments certainly; and upon a close review we fhall find thofe hours leaft to be repented of perhaps, which have been past in our ftudies. His study with what authors is it stor'd? POPE. For to know the booksellers' marks about fifty years ago, was a kind of learning in itself; and many many contented themfelves with collecting volumes curious only in their exterior, from bearing the exergue, or fymbolical device by which the exquifite workmanship of Morel or Frobenius, or above all the celebrated Aldus Manutius, was acknowledged. Morel gave the mulberry-tree, being expreffive of his name, as Vo-. conius Vitulus, mint-mafter at Rome, marked his coins on the reverse with a calf; but I was fenfeless enough never to enquire what relation the anchor and dolphin has to Aldus Manutius, although Count Manucci, who perhaps at this day gives the fame arms, went with me to the Laurentian Library at Florence, where I had fo good an opportunity of informing myfelf. I did learn the falfehood of what Scaliger advances, that Erasmus corrected the prefs for him-the librarian told me it was a grofs mistake. Du Sueil was a French Abbé, who about the beginning of the 18th century carried to great perfection the art of gold ornamenting, or as they then called it antiquing of BOOKS, to which cuftom Mr. Pope alludes. For the rest-it really is no unpleafing reflection to run over the honours paid to those who have in any way contributed to promote literature, or even to adorn it. Thus at Saltzburg in Bavaria a BOOK-feller was long, and as far as I could learn is fill, diftinguished from the vulgar and mechanical trader; and is exempted, which the modern bookfellers would poffibly value more than empty honours, from paying divers taxes and impo |