claim power to caft a gleam of glory on their lineage; and the name of Boyle is confidered by every one as greater for that fole reason, I fuppose, than Delaval's, although his pedigree be drawn from Harold, king of Norway. FREEDOM, LIBERTY, INDEFENDANCE, UNRESTRAINT. OF these so fashionable words 'twere good at least to know the meaning, while their found is ever in our ears. They are not, I think, ftrictly and actually fynonymous, because FREEDOM feems always to require, and often even in converfation takes an ablative cafe after it, as FREEDOM from forrow, from guilt, or punishment, &c. while LIBERTY claims a more pof tive fignification, and feems to imply an origi nal grant given by God alone-a femi-barbarous, femi-focial ftate, like that of the Tartar nations who live by rapine, and fubfift in wandering hordes their hand against every man, and every man's hand against them, as was promifed to their progenitor Ifhmael. Yet even these as cranes obey a leader, and reject not fubordination, which is paid to him who beftre members and can moft readily repeat his long traced genealogy. This is rational: for fuperiority of wisdom may be difputed; fuperiority of ftrength may fail by age or ficknefs; while fuperiority of defcent is leaft obnoxious to acknowledge, and and most easy to afcertain, of any pretenfion to pre-eminence. How different however are those notions of LIBERTY to thofe of modern democrates! who feem to mean only childish defire of total UNRESTRAINT, like that enjoyed by boys at a barring out; where bluftering rebellion however grew fo noify, that the world would no longer look on upon that folly. Yet is that now the conduct of a once enlightened, polished nation; for not even Frenchmen, I truft, do yet seriously defire a return to folitary, favage, unconnected INDEPENDANCE, fuch as can be only poffeffed by wild Americans, who hunt the woods and fish the rivers fingly for fupport, dying at laft of hunger in their caverns, as do in the deferts difabled beafts of prey. Complete LIBERTY, in the present acceptation of the word, though, will foon in fuch a state as France finish by fresh tyrannies. Ariftocracy quickly forms to herself a fecond-hand canopy from the fragments of kingly power; and 'tis nothing after all but fuch ill-judged UNRESTRAINT that makes the Baron of Transilvania fo hateful and fo formidable, the dread of his vaffals, the abhorrence of human-kind. When the Roman empire was deftroyed, thefe Gothic governments and feudal fyftems first were formed; let the votaries of airy INDEPENDANCE, or of FREEDOM armed by Phrenfy against herself, keep this fact full in view. GAY GAY, LIVELY, PLEASANT, FACETIOUS, CHEERFUL, BLYTHE. THE fecond and last of these agreeable attributives, belonging as it fhould feem to mere animal spirits, may be beftowed on objects of no esteem, unless it be anticipated delight, fuch as one takes in the infantine fports of a happy family, or ruftic feaft; but fuch pleasures tire: and we fay fometimes that Hilarius is a very CHEERFUL acquaintance, and was a particularly PLEASANT companion, till his young ones. engroffed as now his whole attention; for although one wishes all poffible good to the man's children, and thinks highly of him for promoting it by all due means, no patience can long endure the fatigue of hearing FACETIOUS bons mots and happy fallies of his fon Dick, who promifes in good time to be fo GAY a fellow-or of pretty Lætitia, whom he calls a BLYTHE lafs, when he jumps upon her uncle's fhoulder and unties his hair behind-nor can any friendship fhort of brotherhood fupport interruption in one's talk of things important perhaps, perhaps merely entertaining, by the arrival of a nurfemaid with the laft LIVELY baby, eminently for ward for only five months old. Yet as all converfation is of far lefs confequence than the regular duties and natural plea fures of life, I rejoice fincerely in the felicity of my old acquaintance, and ftrive to repel the diftafte distaste I now unluckily feel for his fociety, which once fo pleased me-left latent envy, not delicacy, may have caused the alteration. GESTICULATION, ACCENT, EMPHASIS, ENERGY; AND ATTITUDE EXPRESSIVE OF SENTIMENT. THE great difference here feems bestowed by the words on their places, or rather by the places indeed upon the words. We call that ACTION on a theatre, which is GESTICULATION in a room; and juftly: for on the stage men's paffions are applied to, whilft conversation in our cold country is compofed of argument or fuperficial chat concerning facts not eafily illuftrated by attitude or gefture. There is a notion got among us of late years however, that pulpit eloquence may be enforced by theatrical manners. This comes over, I believe, with travellers from the continent, where pleafure and duty alike make application to those paffions by which they defire, and are content to be guided. In their inftructors, therefore, thofe violent contorfions of the body, with loud EMPHASIS and piercing accent of the voice, are not unwifely afproved, which would excite no paffion in us except contempt, and no ACTION except honeft laughter, I believe: nor would an Italian audi ence 1 ence look gravely on to fee a preacher of their own reciting a translated fermon upon Gentleness by Blair perhaps with his accuftomed violence of ENERGY, and fudden changes of POSTURE as if expreffive of SENTIMENT, where the fentiments are fuch as attitude cannot exprefs; because, to every spectator of every nation, ACTING is fuperfluous to argument, and renders regular difcourfe ridiculous. There is a national rhetoric which has its due force with its own countrymen, but can perfuade and delight only in its own circle, and within its prescribed boundaries. Our great Lord Chatham would never have gained a caufe in the Venetian Courts of Judicature by his oratory, I believe; nor would un'Avocato di Venezia rife by his eloquence in our Houfe of Commons. When Pere Bourdalone was requested to preach a Good Friday fermon in a friend's church, they thought him late in coming to the veftry, and calling at his apartments which were close by, furprised the good old prieft at seventy-fix years of age dancing round the room in his night-gown to the tune of his own violin. "Oh! are you come to fetch me?" faid he, "I am ready-but having fafted this folemn occafion pretty rigoroufly, I felt fo low and faint to-day, that without this little affiftance to nature I could fcarce have gone through the duty." Our flory ends by faying that he went immediately, and pronounced a fermon fo very paffionate and pathe-. tic, that feveral people were carried out in on fits, |