in the chancel there, 10 marks" (£6 13s. 4d.) (Reg. Test. Ebor., iii. 84b). John Burgh, in spite of the fact that he was not entrusted with the great east window, was evidently the principal York glasspainter of his time. During his time design in glass passed from pure Decorated through Transition into the fully developed Perpendicular style. His name first appears in connexion with the Minster glass in the Fabric Roll of 1399, when he was paid for repairs to the windows of the chapter house and nave carried out by him and his servants; and he is entered in almost every Roll until the year 1419, about which time, probably, he died, for, two years later, John Chamber (no doubt the elder of the two brothers of that name and the one who died in 1437) is entered in connexion with the glass. John Burgh was, therefore, a contemporary of, and working at the Minster at the same time as, John Thornton of Coventry. Though there are no windows definitely known to be the work of John Burgh, it can with some confidence be suggested that the windows of the aisles of the Lady Chapel the first portion of the new choir to be completed are his work; for they were evidently done before John Thornton of Coventry came to York in 1405 to execute the great east window. The three in the north aisle and those in the clerestory above seem to be all by one hand. It is possible that he was also responsible for the beautiful St. Edward Confessor window on the south side, which has canopies remarkably similar in design to those in New College, Oxford, and Altenberg in Germany. The east window of St. Saviour's, York, which is also Transitional in style, is probably his work also. In 1400 John Burgh executed work for Thomas de Dalby, Archdeacon of Richmond, in whose will, made in 1400, the following appears: J. Burgh vitriario pro diversis bestris vitreis pro aula de Thornton aera et capellis ibidem et pro clausura Lbor. 238. 4d. (Test. Ebor., Surtees Soc., A shield, Archdeaconry of Richmond imDalby, which probably formed part above glass in the archdeacon's study, nasheen inserted in the upper quatrefoil of the racery of the fourth window from east e north aisle of the nave, instead of the znal figure. John Burgh had several "servants" or workpeople. One of these, named Robert, probably the Robert Quarendon mentioned the OXFORDSHIRE MASONS.-Who were members of the lodge of Masons brought by Thomas Strong to London to assist in rebuilding St. Paul's Cathedral after the Great Fire? (see MR. DUDLEY WRIGHT'S note at 12 S. x. 43). The names of several of the masons employed are given by the late Major J. M. W. Halley in the Journal of the R.I.B.A. (Dec. 5, 1914), the facts being taken from the original " Accounts." They were Joshua Marshall, Thomas Strong, Edward S., sen. and jun., Edward Pearce, Jasper Lathom, Thomas Wise, sen. and jun., Christopher Kempster, William K., Ephraim Beacham, Nathaniel Rawlins, John Thompson, Samuel Fulkes, Thomas Hill and Christopher Cass. The majority of these were members of the Masons' Company, and indeed held the office of Master at different times. Strongs, Kempsters and Edward Beacham were Oxfordshire men, the Strongs owning Tainton quarry and the Kemptsers Upton quarry, Burford, from both of which stone was taken for the rebuilding. I have recently come the will of Edward Beacham of Burford, dated Aug. 10, 1677, and proved in the From this it Consistory Court of Oxford. appears that Ephraim B. was his son, while his daughter Martha was the wife of Edward Strong, sen. Were any of the others Joshua Marconnected with Oxfordshire? He was the son shall apparently was not. of Edward M. of Fetter Lane (Master of the Masons' Company 1680). I find the name Nathaniel Rawlins in Hook Norton, Oxon, in the Lay Subsidy Roll for 1655. The across E. ST. JOHN BROOKS. YORKSHIRE LAND TERMS: "ONSTAND," "GAIRNS."-Recently I have been annotating a number of old-seventeenth and eighteenth century-Yorkshire farmers' diaries, and have been struck with the number of remarkable land-terms these contain, regarding some of which I have ha 66 J. FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH. Grove House, Norton-on-Tees. interesting correspondence. For instance, marks) are set parallel with the straightest I have to thank Mr. John Wilson, late of hedge or fence. The garins are the short the Whitby district and now of Shepton end is wider than the other, or has a corner or rigs which are common in most fields when one Mallet, Somerset, for an interesting letter triangular piece at one end. regarding the word onstand," which I defined as meaning the balance of a sum of money (corn or other payment in kind) left after a certain portion had been paid off by one or more instalments. The word occurs in the old diary of Jackson of Lackenby, which has been loaned to me, and is used in the following entry: "1807, July 2nd, To cash paid Jackson Buckton on account of onstand, £40." Mr. Wilson, who has had extensive experience with the management of estates and with old deeds and records, writes : : I am sending you an extract from a clause in a farm agreement in use in the North Riding of Yorks, touching upon the meaning of the word "onstand." I have never seen the word used anywhere else but in the Whitby district, nor in any farm agreement save the one from which the extract appended was taken. Some 12 or 15 years ago a fresh form of agreement was prepared for use to take the place of an older form, and I am rather glad to-day that I had something to do with the retention of the old word stand " and all that it meant to an ingoing ontenant. The old custom, when carried out correctly, meant that the incoming tenant took as his share of the grain crop already sown one-third of the stooks in one case and half the number of stooks in the other (i.e., the land set apart). The actual sharing of the harvest in this manner is rarely done now, but that was what it meant in actual practice and as understood in the Yorkshire dales to-day. Here is an extract from the form of agreement mentioned :- The tenant shall also be entitled on quitting to the following allowances, which shall be settled as hereinafter provided, and be paid by the landlord when and as fixed by the valuers or their arbitrator, namely: For an away-going crop of corn one-half of the arable land sown in due course of husbandry, the valuation of the same to be made immediately before the harvest, but in suchl vauation, deductions shall be made of the expenses of weeding, reaping, harvesting, threshing and marketing the crop, also of onethird of the valuation for onstand if the crop be sown after fallow or turnips, or rape eaten on, and of one-half if it be sown after potatoes, or turnips pulled off (the straw not to be included in the valuation but to belong to the landlord or the incoming tenant without any payment of compensation being made for the same). 66 Regarding the "gairs," gairns," and gairing," a correspondent writes to me from Bainton, Driffield: A TUDOR FIREPLACE AT ST. ALBANS.— The following extract from The Herts Advertiser of the 21st inst. seems worthy of a corner in N. & Q.' The premises in question are situated amongst a block of some other very old buildings in the market place : A discovery which will prove of great interest to archæologists has been made in the course of the refitting of the new premises which have been acquired by Messrs. Boots, Cash Chemists, St. Albans. in a front room of the first floor, there came to Following the demolition of a modern fireplace light a very fine specimen of a Tudor fireplace, of stone. It is in four pieces, and is in an excellent state of preservation. The carving on the stone is in practically the same condition as it was when first placed there. The specimen has been viewed by Sir Edgar Wigram, Mr. C. H. Ashdown and Mr. Bullen, of the work of the Tudor period. who are quite certain that it is a fine example We understand that the fireplace is to be placed in the new library which the firm are having made. It is thought that the stone, which is of the soft variety, was quarried at Dunstable. W. H. ENGLISH ARMY SLANG AS USED IN THE GREAT WAR.-We much regret that, owing to the indisposition of MR. FORBES SIEVEKING, the next article on this subject has had to be postponed. Queries. WE must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries in order that answers may be sent to them direct. 66 EVELYN QUERIES.- 1. Aug. 7, 1641. Evelyn refers to an incomparable book, Hollandia Illustrata," which contains a picture of the wheel bridge used at the siege of Gennep. This cannot be Scriverius, as suggested by Dobson, whose book was published long before the siege. The title is probably due to the lettering on the book of We use the word in this district in a slightly Evelyn's bound copy. Can anyone direct different sense to that you suggest in connection me to the book or tell me its correct title ? with the extract from Dobson's diary for 1807, in which he speaks of sowing 2. Aug. 8. Who was Sir Robert Stone, eight lands and one gairn with red superfine wheat from London." whose wife was apparently present at Hereabouts in starting to plough a lot of rigs (or a cavalry mess? In Shaw's Knights 66 there is a Sir Richard Stone. Brereton Miscellany ' (1720) ? The poem also appeared in John Hughes's Poems on Several Occasions,' published by Hughes's widow in 1735. 3. Aug. 28. Who was the happy monk whom they claimed at Leyden to be the inventor of typography? 4. Sept. 8. Seedam. "This town has heretofore been much talked of for witches." Seedam is of course Schiedam. Does anyone know anything about the witches of Se dam or of Schiedam? Evelyn's memoirs, as we have them, were written much later, and he often added to his notes facts found in books. 7. Simon Harcourt. Has the question as to whether Harcourt or Prior wrote The Female Phaeton' and The Judgement of Venus' ever been settled? I think I know the chief contributions to this controversy up to the date of Waller's edition of Prior. Is there any later evidence? Otherwise the balance seems in favour of Harcourt. 8. Henry Carey. When was he born? 9. George Sewell. When was he born? 10. Mrs. Mary Monk, née Molesworth. 5. Sept. 17. The heart of which Duke of When was she born? Cleves is buried at Bois-le-Duc ? 6. Oct. 2. Who was the Rhinegrave? 7. Oct. At Ghent, Evelyn supped with the Abbot of Audoyne. Who was he? H. MAYNARD SMITH. at 8. College Green, Gloucester. 11. "Clio" (Mrs. Sansom, née Fowke). Was her Christian name Martha or Maria ? B.M. catalogue gives the latter. In the 12. Samuel Wesley the younger. Preface to his Poems' (4to, 1736) he says that some are not by him. Is it known to which poems this applies, and who were EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY POETRY. I am the real authors? present compiling an anthology of 13. Has the possible attribution of the shorter poems of the eighteenth century,Song to Winifreda ("Away, let nought and I should be grateful if any reader could to love displeasing "), first published in give me information on the following David Lewis's Miscellany,' to Lewis him points : 1. Francis Atterbury, Bishop of Rochester. Nichols attributes the song Fair Sylvia, cease to blame my youth,' to him, on the strength of a copy being found in his writing among his papers after his death. Is there any other evidence as to the authorship A similar attribution to Atterbury by Nichols of "You say you love; repeat again, Repeat the amazing sound" (by William King), is erroneous. 2. William Colepeper. Is the date of his birth known? 3. Anonymous poems in Steele's collection. Is the authorship of A wretch long tortur'd with disdain,' 'How long will Cynthia own no flame,' 'Why will Florella, while I gaze, Gentle air, thou breath of lovers, or of the epigram on some snow that melted in a lady's breast, known? 4. John Hughes, On Arquëanassa of Colophos.' This is apparently a translation from the Greek. Who wrote the original S 5. Thomas Brerewood, author of Autumn' and other poems. Died 1748. When was he born? Charles II. sent his Master of the Horse, Sir John Fenwick, to the Levant, and he was there able to purchase brood mares as well as stallions, principally Barbs and Turks. It is to these mares, known as King's Mares, We must trace the real origin of our English thoroughbred. 6. William Bedingfield. Flourished about 1720. When was he born? When did he It has always been a tradition that die? Is he really the author of Beauty, Charles II. sent to the Levant for Eastern an Ode,' attributed to him in Hammond's horses, but as Sir John Fenwick would C. have been in his 81st year in 1660, the date actor; appeared as Captain Cuttle, of the Restoration, and is said to have died 1848); (10) The Gold Fish (? J. Gould). in about 1658, it was certainly not he who These ten articles are signed: W. A. S.; C.; W. A. S.; C. W. W.; C.; C. F. E.; W. A. S.; W. A. S.; V.; and C., respectively. went. Is there any proof of the importation of these so-called Royal mares? If so, who went for them, and how many did he bring back with him? If such a journey was undertaken, would not an account of the expenses be found in the papers preserved in the Public Record Office ? Can any reader give authority for Professor Ridgeway's statement ? ARAB. THE PAPAL TRIPLE CROWN.-What do the three crowns on the Papal mitre represent? The Encyclopædia Britannica (9th ed.)-the only reference I have available is not much help, for under Crown it states: The Papal crown is a lofty uncleft mitre encircled by three coronets rising one above the other, surmounted by a ball and crown, and with ribbons at each side, similar to those of an Italian bishop. This form of crown was first assumed by Pope Benedict XII., 1344. But Pope Benedict had handed in the keys to the Virgin Mary in 1342! Again, under Heraldry,' it states :— The Pope places three crowns over his mitre or tiara, said to have been severally assumed in 1295, 1335, and 1411. Why were they assumed ? Perugia. F. LAMBARDE. I shall be glad to receive any information concerning this book, and should particu larly like to know where I could see a complete copy. HUGH S. GLADSTONE. Capenoch, Thornhill, Dumfriesshire. HARTGILL BARON.-This soldier of fortune lived in the reigns of Charles I. and Charles II. His family may have lived in Croydon and are believed to have come originally from Wiltshire, but nothing is known to me at present of his parentage or date of birth. In his youth he travelled in Turkey, but later was the faithful companion and secretary of Rupert, Prince Palatine of the Rhine, and attended him through the Dutch Wars, where he was disabled by a shot from a cannon-ball. Oliver Cromwell published a proclamation and offered a £1,000 reward for the appreA certain amount hending of his person. of information regarding Hartgill Baron is recorded in the State Papers (Domestic Series). There we read in 1661 he petitioned the King to settle a pension on him of £200 a year for 31 years, granted him at Breda for hazardous secret service and especially for bringing the first news of the Restoration. This petition is marked "Fiat " and granted. When employed in conveying COMIC NATURAL HISTORY.-I wonder if correspondence between Charles II. (when any of your readers can give me any in- in exile) and his adherents, he passed under formation about a Comic Natural His- the name of John Jones." He was a tory of which I only possess pp. 39-65 friend of Pepys, and frequent mention of and 95-121. This book was published in him is made in the famous Diary,' where he America, and the plates, some of which is referred to sometimes as "Mr. Baron" bear the imprint lith. in colors by L. and sometimes as Lieut. Col. Argel Rosenthal, Phila.," may be by Stephens | Baron." His daughter Agneta married or Stevens (? H. L.) William Johnson (afterwards Governor of Cape Coast Castle), son of Sir Henry Johnson of Blackwall Docks and Aldeburgh, and their son was Henry Johnson of Great Berkhampstead, a well-known traveller and antiquarian. He married Lætitia Dowling, and their eldest daughter, Lætitia, married Sir William Proctor Beauchamp, first Bart., and their second daughter, Agneta, married the ill-fated Hon. Charles Yorke, Attorney-General, and son of Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. There is no copy of this book in the British Museum, and it would appear to caricature well-known folk of the day on natural history lines. The portion which I have deals with (1) The Lark; (2) The Kingbird (? Henry Carey Baird, partner in the publishing house of H. C. Baird and Co.); (3) The Humbug (? Phineas T. Barnum); (4) The Widow Bird; (5) The Butcher Bird; (6) The Florence Humming Bird (? Thomas Birch Florence, statesman, 1812-1875, hatter by trade); (7) The Mackerel; (8) One of the Rats; (9) The Cuttle Fish (? William E. Burton, 66 I am very anxious to find particulars of Hardgill Baron's parentage and family. On his handsome memorial tablet in Windsor parish church there are faint traces of a coloured coat of arms; the memorial wording runs thus: Near unto this place lyeth buried ye body of Hartgill Baron Esq. late one of ye Clercks of His Maties Privy Seale, and Secretary to his Highness Prince Ruport, Constable of ye Royall Castle of Windsor. He dyed ye last day of November, and was buried here the 4th day of December 1673. Near him also lye buried Hartgill, Penelope & Lucy his children. Here also lyeth, Anne his wife, daughter of Phillip Barret Esq. of Hampsted in Middlesex, who dyed Feb. 22, 1687. (MRS.) A. N. GAMBLE. Gorse Cottage, Hook Heath, Woking. MRS. HOLT: ISOULT BARRY OF WYNSCOTE.'-In the History of the Granville Family,' by Roger Granville (1895), there occurs the following passage :— A most interesting book respecting the Lisles [i.e., Arthur Plantagenet, Lord Lisle (1464-1542), and his wife], entitled Isoult Barry of Wynscote,' has been written by Mrs. Holt from the Lisle Papers and other unpublished MSS. in the British Museum and State Paper Office. I shall be very much obliged for particulars of this book. Has it ever been published ? Is it possible to procure a copy? M. H. DODDS. Formidable: 2-decker.-White ensign at ensign staff; British admiral's flag at the main; square flag striped horizontally red, white, blue, red, white, blue, at the peak. City of Paris: 3-decker.-Union Jack and a plain white flag at the ensign staff; British admiral's flag and a white flag at the main. Hector: 2-decker.-Union Jack and white flag at ensign staff. A British 2-decker, bows on.-Figure-head,¦ a colossal man wearing a helmet and carrying in one hand a short staff. Red ensign at ensign staff. The picture is signed "D. Serres, 1782." The second picture represents a general action out of sight of land. The British ships are: Namur staff. 3-decker.-Red ensign at ensign Formidable? (name uncertain, but it apparently begins with "Form-"): 3-decker.Red ensign at ensign staff; British admiral's flag with a square red and blue flag at the main; red flag at the fore. Two 2-deckers.-Red ensign at ensign staff. One 2-decker.-Red ensign at ensign staff: red square flag at the fore, and a large red burgee at the main. The enemy ships are 11 vessels in the distance, each carrying a white flag at the blue St. Andrew's cross at one or the other ensign staff, and a white square flag with masthead. This picture is not signed, but is obviously by the same painter as the other. Both have belonged to my family for over 100 years. The names given above are painted on the sterns of the ships. Can any reader identify the incidents represented and give a reference to any published records of them? G. M. M. Ad DERIVATION OF CHINKWELL.-In the parish of Newington next Sittingbourne there is an old Roman burial-ground now known as the "Crockfield," so called from the been unearthed from time to time. broken pieces of sepulchral urns which have jacent thereto and on the north side of the in which have been found Roman (or Saxon) Watling Street is a wood called Chinkwell, remains. Can anyone give the derivation Is it possibly the same as Chigwell, which may be derived from the Saxon Cingwell (vide Healing Wells of and what does the Saxon word Cingwell London,' Daily Telegraph, Oct. 9, 1913), Other places in the immediate vicinity of the above wood are named of Chinkwell? mean? Wardwell and Libbetwell-from what are these two latter derived? P. FITZGERALD HOGG (Capt.) |