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HUGH S. GLADSTONE. Capenoch, Thornhill, Dumfriesshire.

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RABBITS IN AUSTRALIA. Can any of the moreover, a tendency to emphasize gutturcorrespondents of 'N. & Q.' tell me when this ally the vowel sounds following consonants. species was introduced to Australia? Any As a result the consonant values are authoritative figures as to its subsequent weakened. Times=t-himes, paper=p-haper, increase and its present numbers would be prayer = pr-hayer, Macarthy Mac-Harthy, of interest. and so on. In Spanish there seems to be a similar tendency. The English tendency is quite other. Consonant sounds are stressed very clearly and distinctly (if somewhat thinly), which makes for the weakening of the vowel and half-vowel values, the dropping of the h.

CIPHER ON ST. JAMES'S PALACE.-On some lead gutter-heads in the Friary Court of St. James's Palace is the date 1696, accompanied by the cipher A.R. Can any explanation be given of this curious collocation?

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G. W. WALLACE.

Might not the so-called Cockney lack of control of the h be traced back to the root factor, namely, the struggle for power THE BRIGHTON ATHENEUM.-According over the aspirate between the Latin and to Toone's Chr. Hist.,' ii. 775, on Aug. Teutonic influences in the English language? 30, 1833, during a very violent storm, In correct French the so-called aspirated h the dome of the Brighton Athenæum, is now as mute as the h in what, why and or Oriental Garden, fell in with a tremendous where of modern English. But in Switzercrash; it was larger than the dome of St. land and in those parts of France nearer Peter's, at Rome, by 8,000 feet, and com- to German influences the aspirate is still very posed of between 400 and 500 tons of iron, guttural. This is also noticeable in the which broke into a thousand pieces; on beautiful French spoken by cultured Poles

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

removing the scaffold, the immense weight and Russians. was too much for the side supports." Where Is it that the Celtic and Teutonic inwas this building? fluences in English make for the maintenance of the aspiration, the Latin for PEDIGREES WANTED. Can any reader its elimination ? Doxies apart, what is send me the pedigree of the families of the philologic law at work here? I have (1) Dallas of Cantray, before 1745; (2) Rose inquired elsewhere with no satisfactory of Kilravock, before 1600; or supply any information about Caleb and William Greville, who witnessed the marriage of Charles Egleton to Ann Edwards at St. George's, Hanover Square, on Aug. 3, 1790? I should be glad to have communications sent direct. NORMAN SHAW.

Custom House, Swatow, China.

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ADAH ISAAC MENKEN'S INFELICIA.'This small pocket volume of poems having a portrait frontispiece has acceptance of dedication by Charles Dickens in his neat calligraphy reproduced in facsimile, but bears no printer's imprint, only the blank intimation, London, Paris, New York.

Is there any means of ascertaining who designed the exquisite head- and tail-pieces adorning the volume, likewise the vignette on the title page? ANEURIN WILLIAMS.

Menai View, North Road, Carnarvon.

THE ENGLISH "H": CELTIC, LATIN AND GERMAN INFLUENCES. Some of your linguists might throw light on this matter. In the Irish pronunciation of English full credit is given to the aspirate. There is,

result.

VALENTINE J. O'HARA.

Authors' Club, London.

JAMES HALES, the eldest son of Sir John Hales, Bart., by his second wife Helen, daughter of Dudley Bagnal of Newry, Ireland, is said to have been an officer in the Emperor's service, and to have been killed in Italy in 1735. Further particulars of his career are desired, as well as the place and full date of his death.

G. F. R. B.

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Emral, of the Pulestons; Giler, of the
Prices; and Marle of the .

I should a'so be glad of the titles of any
works giving an account of Giler, Denbigh-
shire, beyond the article in The Antiquary
of December, 1883, by the Rev. T. Morgan
Owen, M.A., rector of Pentre Voelas.
Any information would be gratefully re-
ceived.
LEONARD C. PRICE.

Essex Lodge, Ewell.

'Smuggler's Leap.' (p. 329) I remember Nock's name as Gunmaker. When and where did he live ?-(p. 328) Was Mr. Day a real person?

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Babes in the Wood.' (p. 346) Who was Cotton?

'Dead Drummer.' (p. 348) Who were Charles Wetherall and (p. 350) Poole ?

'Row in Omnibus (Box).' (p. 358) When did this occur? What was Doldrum's real

'Lord of Toulouse.' (p. 420) Does Morel's still exist?

THE INGOLDSBY LEGENDS.'-Since I name? last wrote you I became fascinated with 'St. Aloys.' (p. 381) Who was Jones the idea of annotating the book, so I of the Strand and what was his " Pyrobought a second-hand copy of the small geneion"? octavo complete edition published by Richard Bentley in 1860. I think it is the second edition. I cut it up, interleaved it and rebound it in three volumes according to the three series. During this Christmas I have amused myself by finding chapter and verse for nearly one thousand references, but not all.

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Spectre of Tappington.' (p. 13) Was Horsley Curties a real person?-(p. 27) What was a Bridgewater Prize"? 'Penance.' (p. 293 note) Who were the "foreigneering Bishop who frequented the Garrick Club, and Mr. Muntz (p. 295) ?

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Aunt Fanny.' (p. 317) What is the joke about the Lord Mayor's coal and a slate ? What Lord Mayor was a coalmerchant in the thirties?

'Black Mousquetaire.' (p. 229) Who were Stickney the Great and General Widdicombe ? (p. 226 note) Pennalosa ? (p. 239 note) Tompions, I presume"? Why Farquhar ?-(p. 240) Squire Hayne?

Wedding Day." (p. 438) Who were Mr. Taylor of Lombard Street and (p. 435 note) Baron Duberly?

Rupert the Fearless.' (p. 247) Who were Mr. Myers and (p. 249) Howard and

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Blasphemer's Warning.' (p. 442) Who was Honest John Capgrave, and (p. 459) where can I find the legend of Curina? 'Hermann.' (p. 513) Who is Sir John Nicholl?

'My Letters.' (p. 525) Where was Pearsal's?

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Witches' Frolic.' (p. 109) Cummers? Bagman's Dog.' (p. 212) Libs? 'Nell Cook.'

(p. 309) Old Tom Wright? Whose are the two shields on the frontispiece?

Who were "the rival editors" of Shakespeare mentioned in the note on page vi. of the Preface to the second edition ?

I shall be glad if anyone will write to me direct and shall be happy to reciprocate, now that my references are all written out. WILLIAM BULL.

Carlton Club.

[Libs (Lips): the west-south-west wind.]

INSCRIPTIONS ON AN ICON. Recently I bought an icon of our Lord, holding a book. Within the halo on the left-hand side of the head is an Omega, and above it a T with the stem half as long as it ought to be. Above the top of the head is what appears to be an O (Omicron ?), and on the right of the head a letter that somewhat resembles a capital Eta. The ornamental line that is parallel with the frame is broken at the bottom of the icon to admit of the inscription in Slavonic of "Where is the Almighty?" The thumb and first finger and two of the other fingers are curiously twisted.

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the influences of masterful minds in the
enemy's service. Born in Leeuwarden, the
capital of the province of Friesland, intended
to become a teacher, but married to and
later divorced by an officer in the Dutch
East Indian Army, then introduced to the
gay world of Paris by an operatic star of
international fame, she adopted for her
performances of quasi-Oriental dances, some
of them more or less modelled on the terpsi-
chorean art of Java, the stage name of
Mata Hari, Eye (of the) Day, equivalent
of sun in the Malay language. Apart from
the absolutely fantastic in the literature
that has sprung up around her tragic
death, there is a book written or inspired
by her father and published in Holland.
The most dispassionately authentic data
concerning her youth and subsequent career
are, however, to be found, as far as the
present writer's knowledge of the subjeet
goes, in an article which appeared on May 3,
New York weekly.
1918, in Variety, a
See also, with regard to her relations with
Scotland Yard and the courage she displayed
in face of the firing squad, Sir Basil Thom-
son's' Memories,' The Times, Nov. 14, 1921.

S.

The "mysterious English novel" which PROFESSOR C. PITOLLET is anxious to discover is possibly The Life Story of Madame Zelle, the World's Most Beautiful Spy,' told by Henry de Halsalle, published by Messrs. Skeffington and Sons, Ltd., London, at 1s. 9d. (n.d., 1917). The coloured wrapper in which this book was issued gives the author's name as Henry Dubois.

Mata Hari is referred to on pp. 90-93 in Sidney Theodore Felstead's 'German Spies &t Bey,' published by Messrs. Hutchinson and Co., London, at 88. 6d., 1920.

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1 have copies of both these books in my Spy Library," and shall be happy to lend both, or either, to Professor Pitollet if he will send me his address.

HUGH S. GLADSTONE.
Capenoch, Thornhill, Dumfriesshire,
Scotland.

NOTWITHSTANDING the wildly extravagant | stories of journalists and novelists who found and still find their profit in catering to the morbid taste of a public eager for sensational stuff, the facts of the origin PROFESSOR C. PITOLLET, in his interesting and youth of Mata Hari, the Dutch dancer, note regarding the famous spy, mentions shot as a spy at Vincennes, Oct. 15, 1917, that her name is said to be of Hindustani ought to be well known by this time. origin and to mean "morning bird." This There is nothing obscure or mysterious in is not Hindustani, neither is it Hindi nor the early life of this infamous woman," | Urdu. The name appears to be Sanscritic, as PROFESSOR PITOLLET calls her, whose fate in which language Hari" is one of the can be directly traced to a high-strung, names of God. It may again be Cingalese, hysterical temperament, unable to resist but I seem to remember having seen that

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the spy spent some years of her life in Java never come across a member of it whose or Sumatra. Can the nom de guerre there- name is spelled without a g." H. WILBERFORCE-BELL.

fore be Javanese ?

In the Calendar of Canterbury Wills,' 1396-1558, issued in 1920 by the British Record Society, are some nine wills of Fa IS PROFESSOR PITOLLET'S informant correct family named Menys, Mens, Mense, Menesse, in stating that Mata Hari is Hindustani Mennysse, Menewes, or Mynys, principally and means "morning bird"? I am aware of Deal and Sandwich. These wills range of ten woras in that language signifying in date from 1416 to 1558, and it is probable "morn. morning, dawr." and nearly double the number used for " bird," but neither mata nor hari appears in the list.

the origin of the name Minnes may be found from this source, especially as Sir John was of a Sandwich family.

One newspaper pronounced the sobriquet to be Japanese. The real source must be Minnes in the 'D.N.B.' and, as Mr. Hulburd There is a long account of Sir John looked for in Malay. That lingua franca of the East is sometimes delightfully poetic. to him. His will, proved 1671 in P.C.C. points out, Pepys makes many references Witness the use of the words in question (38 Duke), mentions lands in Loughton, to express "sunrise" and sunset," re- Essex; the rectory_of Woodnesborough,

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spectively mata hari nai and mata hari Kent; his nephew, Francis Hammon, and turun-literally the eye of the day niece, Elizabeth Hammon, son and daughter coming up" and the eye of the day of his late sister Mary; his nieces, Jane, going down." wife of Anthony Moyle, Esq., and Lady Heath; Lady Heath's daughter, Margaret, and his cousin, Captain John Cason of of £50 for the repairs of Sandwich church.

As stated ante, there has been a mass of contradictions published in the Paris journals about Truda Zelle, but if it be true that she was once the wife of a Dutch Woodnesborough. There is also a bequest

officer and afterwards the mistress of
other Dutchmen she may have lived for
a time in one or more of the eastern pos-
sessions of Holland, which would explain
her choice of a Malay nom de guerre.
Cora Laparcerie has, I read, produced at

As to the Mynge and Hamon connexion, 1592, for the marriage of John Mynge of a licence was issued at Canterbury, Feb. 6, New Romney, g., and Judith Hamon, of Awkridge (Acrise), v., Daniel Mynge of New a play called Romney, yeoman, being 'La Danseuse Rouge, which is written round the spy's life.

the Renaissance Theatre

Interest in this amazing woman, who is said to have been of Jewish origin, seems to have revived lately, and many would join Professor Pitollet in welcoming authentic details of her youth. These, how. ever, are at present not forthcoming, though Colonel Boucabeille, an ex-military attaché at The Hague, is stated to have had a complete dossier of "Mata Hari."

CHARLES GILLMAN.

a

bond. Ad

ministration of the estate of John Minge

of

to, makes references to

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New Romney was granted at the Consistory Court, Canterbury, on Jan. 23, 1605, to Judith, relict. The will of Judith Mynge of Canterbury, widow, already alluded my brothers, Ralph Hamon, Sir Thomas Hamon, Knt., sisters, Martha Brewer, Jane Gibbons, and and William Hamon of Canterbury; my Bennett Hamon," this latter being really her sister-in-law. These brothers and sisters are all mentioned in the Visitation of Kent for 1619 in the Hamon pedigree, in which, Church Fields, Salisbury. however, Judith Mynge does not appear, VICE-ADMIRAL SIR CHRISTOPHER MINGS doubtless because she was then dead. (12 S. ix. 461, 513; x. 13).-The note on have not so far been able to trace any this subject by MR. PERCY HULBURD connexion between Hamon family opens up an interesting topic as to a possible of Acrise and the T. Hammond who, family connexion between Vice-Admirals according to the Minnes pedigree in Boys' Sir John Minnes and Sir Christopher Mings, History of Sandwich,' married Maria, having regard to the somewhat similarity sister of Sir John Minnes, about 1631. in the names. There may be such There is no pedigree of the Acrise family in connexion at present undiscovered, but 1 the 1663-1668 Visitation, so no help can am disposed to think the names are distinct be derived from that source. and not variants. At any rate, among my many notes of the Minge family I have

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the

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The real point I wish to clear up is whether John Myngs, in 1623 of the parish of St.

Katharine in the City of London (father of entirely from the annual Königlich gros Sir Christopher Mings), said to have been a britannisch-hannoverscher Staatskalenda shoemaker, is identical with John Minge, known later as the 'Hof-und Staa in 1622 of the Precincts of St. Katharine, Handbuch für das Königreich Hannover. citizen and cordwainer of London, 1626, ROBERT PIERPOINT. 1631, 1640. Would the parish register of St. Katharine's help, and would the Acting Master of St. Katharine's in the Regent's Park and Warden of the Royal Chapel kindly give us the benefit of any information on the subject which may be at his disposal? GEORGE S. FRY.

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SIR RICHARD WOOLFE (12 S. ix. 528).In The Present State of Great Britain 1755, published under the name of Joh Chamberlayne, who died in 1723, p. 281 the General List, Number C, gives Th Names of the Officers in the Court of th Dutchy-Chamber of Lancaster." I extract Mr. Richard Wolfe, Deputy Clerk and Registe TITLE OF "K.H." (12 S. ix. 529).-The of his Majesty's Court of the Dutchy-Chamber o following extract from the Introduction the Chancellor. [Richard, Lord Edgcumbe wa Richard Wolfe, Esq: Secretary t (p. xxxvi.) to Dr. Wm. A. Shaw's Knights the Chancellor.] of England,' answers the query:

15, Walsingham Road, Hove.

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The question as to whether the membership of this Order [Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order]

Lancaster.

There can be little doubt that Mr. Richar Wolfe and Richard Wolfe, Esq: were on and the same person.

entitled the holder thereof to the title of "Sir "
and to the rank of a knight bachelor of Great 'The Court and City Kalendar' for 1759
Britain is concisely stated by Nicolas in his the nearest which I have to 1755, p. 173, give
general remarks on the Order. Neither George IV. in its list of the Dutchy Court of Lan
caster," "Dep. and Sec. to Council, R
(The Chancellor then was the
Earl of Kinnoul.) Dep." evidently means
Deputy-Clerk of the Council. The former
book (ibid., p. 286) in the list of Offices
belonging to the Court of Exchequer,
says:-

nor William IV. supposed that such title or
precedence would attach to the members. Re-
garding the Order as strictly a foreign one, both Wolfe."
those kings always knighted those members of
the Order whom they meant to make knights
bachelors of Great Britain. Further than this,
William IV. expressly intimated his opinion to
that effect after having taken the advice of the Lord
Chancellor on the subject. A paper having been
laid before the King in October, 1831, containing
reasons for the contention that all the knights
of the Order of the Guelphs became ipso facto
knights bachelors, the King saw so much objection
to the principle (that the acceptance of any
foreign Örder should confer on the individual
the honour of knighthood without his being
knighted by the Sovereign) that he asked it to

be referred to the lord chancellor. The lord
chancellor's opinion was understood to be de-
cidedly against any such right, and the king
afterwards appointed several hundred British
subjects to the Order, being assured that they
would not thereby become knights bachelors of
England.

The members of the Order occupy over thirty pages, dating 1815-1837.

There were three classes, viz., Knights Grand Cross (G.C.H.), Knights Commanders (K.C.H.), and Knights (K.H.). By the statutes, which though issued from Carlton House were only published in German, the Grand-Mastership of the Order was to be for ever annexed to the Crown of Hanover. (Ibid. p. xxxv.)

It is remarkable that there is no complete list of the Order extant, an order instituted in 1815. Dr. Shaw tells us (Preface, p. vii.) that he has been unable to find one, and that the lists which he gives "have been drawn

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The Court of the Dutchy of Lancaster is kept near the lower Exchequer, in Westminster-Hall. The Offices belonging to that Court are kept in the old Buildings, in the first Court in Gray's-Inn.

'The Court and City Kalendar' has "Dutchy Court of Lancaster (Gray's Inn)." In neither of these books does the name

Wolfe or Woolfe appear in the list of officers
of the Dutchy of Cornwall. There is no
R. or Richard Wolfe or Woolfe in the Index
of Shaw's Knights of England,' but this does
not prove the negative, as the lists are imper-
fect. See Dr. Shaw's Introduction, especially
xlix. et seq.
ROBERT PIERPOINT.

p.

COTTON FAMILY OF WARBLETON (WARBLINGTON), HANTS (12 S. ix. 488).-The Cotton family were of Warblington, near Havant, Co. Hants. Warbleton is in Sussex. Warblington Castle is supposed to have been erected by, and for some years the residence of, the ill-fated Magaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, who was executed in 1541. The manor was granted to Sir Richard Cotton in 1551. The Castle was practically destroyed during the Civil War, but the manor remained in possession of the family until the death of William Cotton in 1736.

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