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Ela the Outcast' is "By the Author of Bos, from the same address, in 1838 and Ernnestine de Lacy,' and Ernnestine 1839. After this we have 'The Life and de Lacy' is "By the Author of Ela the Adventures of Oliver Twiss, the WorkOutcast,' and so we do not get any house Boy' (by Bos Pseud.), printed and "forrader." I mentioned Ela the Out- published by E. Lloyd for F. Graves, cast' because it happened to be the first Printer, 30, Curtain Road, Shoreditch, of the Lloyd novels which came to hand Aug. 2, 1839; followed by Pickwick in and is not among those in MR. JAY's list, America,' edited by Bos, printed and pubit being, I think, fairly certain that its lished by E. Lloyd, 82, Broad Street, author is known to be Thomas Seckett Shoreditch (sic). Possibly this was fa Prest, whose output, in quantity at least, printer's error, but the copy in the British must run that of Dickens very closely. I Museum bears that address. Then came have two editions of Ela the Outcast,'' Mr. Humfries Clock,' by Bos, printed and totally different in format and in illustra- published by E. Lloyd, 44, Holywell Street, tions. The earlier of these was issued London, in 1840.

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about 1841, when Edward Lloyd was at All these works were published in penny 231, Shoreditch, as a printer and weekly numbers, the front page of each publisher, if the imprint may be taken being embellished with a quaintly drawn verb. et lit. The later edition appeared woodcut, and some of those illustrating complete in January, 1850, when Lloyd Pickwick in America' being attributed was established in Salisbury Square, Fleet to G. Cruickshank. Street, where, during the next 20 or 30 If this "Bos" can be traced and his years, he accumulated a fortune-to which the undoubted stepping-stone was formed proper name discovered I think we shall by the many get upon the track of the rightful author romances of thrilling of Fatherless Fanny,' for the title page interest" which he produced in such numbers for over 10 years. Fatherless Fanny, my copy reads That these romances enjoyed an enormous circulation of The Hebrew Maiden, or or The Mysterious Orphan,' by the author The Lost there can be no manner of doubt, and a Diamond, Oliver Twiss,' etc., etc., pub. really fine copy of any one of them is in- lished by E. Lloyd, 231, Shoreditch, 1841. finitely more difficult to obtain than one of Dickens or Thackeray. Lloyd was only one of many who published such books. E. Harrison, also of Salisbury Court, was another, but somewhat later.

I would very much like to know who was the author of Black Bess,' which he published in penny numbers; it ran for 254 weeks! It had two sequels almost as long. W. ROBERTS.

18, King's Avenue, Clapham Park, S.W.4.

I am intensely interested in MR. FRANK JAY'S query on the above subject, and I sincerely hope the result will elucidate the mystery surrounding the authors' names of the penny dreadful" type of literature published by E. Lloyd.

Who was the person who wrote under the name of Bos ? He wrote a number of burlesque travesties upon some of the best-known works of Charles Dickens. The first was the Sketch Book,' by Bos, printed and published by E. Lloyd, 62, Broad Street, Bloomsbury, in 1836; and it was followed by Nicholas Nicklebury,' by Bos, in 1838. Then comes The Posthumous Notes of the Pickwickian Club, or The Penny Pickwick,' in two vols., by

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I have always understood that Gentle man Jack' was written by a lady, viz., Mrs. Elizabeth Caroline Grey, who wrote 'The Ordeal by Touch,' The Dream of a Life,' and several other penny shockers published by E. Lloyd during the period in question. The title page to The Dream of a Life: a Romance, reads, "By the Author of The Ordeal by Touch,' Gentleman Jack,' etc., etc. ; the sub-title on the first page reads, "The Dream of a Life: a Romance,' by the Author of Villroy, or The Horrors of Zendorf Castle.' But I have hitherto not been able to substantiate the assertion. If this lady wrote Gentleman Jack' she used quite a different style and language from what appears in her other works. Unfortunately her name does not appear in any biographical work or book reference, at least I have not been able to find any mention of her beyond a short list of works under her name in the British Museum Library, where neither Gentleman Jack' nor The Horrors of Zendorf Castle' are mentioned. ALBERT HALL.

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'Gentleman Jack,' by the author of Cavendish,' W. Johnson Neale. My edition

not dated. Amen Corner.

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Gamblers Wife - no second title-by Mrs. Grey, who wrote a good many other novels. No date in my copy. Published by Clarke Beeton and Co., Fleet Street.

Published by David Bryce, dignitaries save only the King himself and
during divine service in the Minster.
is therefore shown with the cap on his head,
but is evidently in the act of raising it in
response to some compliment or toast.
The hat has a square crown, the sides turned
up and lined with ermine, with a large
ouch" in front. JOHN A. KNOWLES.

THE

CAP OF MAINTENANCE.

(12 S. x. 151, 195, 231, 258.)

J. B.

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I would like to say that I quite agree with C. S. that it would be highly desirable cap of maintenance" is twice shown for the ancient documents to be in the in the St. William window at York. In possession of the Master of the Rolls, but both cases it is worn by the Lord Mayor their having passed to the Liddle family

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and not being in my possession makes me unable to do as C. S. suggests.

himself and not by his sword-bearer as it is at the present day. In the panel representing St. William's Enthronization Feast, The description I gave of them as " ancient the Lord Mayor, who is the central figure, documents" is not my designation, but is shown seated at table wearing the cap that of the learned authorities who inwhilst all the other guests are uncovered. spected them. Their full texts were given The artist has been at particular pains to in an article upon Old Families which bring out this point, for the chief magistrate appeared a long time ago. I have only has claimed the right to wear the cap of copies attested, as compared with the maintenance and carry his sword upright, originals and found correct. The original in the presence of all civil and ecclesiastical document which I do possess goes back

only to 1684, being in the handwriting of the various fathers and sons up to my becoming head of the family. All earlier documents are in the Rolls Court.

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much sought after by collectors and admirers of the celebrated artist's works.

In addition to the serials, Smith contributed The Lives of the Queens of Eng. I think that if C. S. will re-read carefully land,' in vol. xv. of The London Journal my note he will see that I do not "discourse (1852); and it was through his writing this so feelingly regarding my family's "cap series that Mr. John Cassell offered him the of maintenance," but merely bring it in as writing of 'The History of England,' but a hint for some inquirer to make research I do not think he accepted the offer. Smith into new channels, as there are, I know, also wrote a short Eastern story entitled other families possessing the same privilege. Marianne, a Tale of the Temple.' This was I refuse to have anything to do with in fact his first contribution to The London municipal matters, and accordingly only Journal, which appeared in the issue of know of the cap of the Newcastle May 19, 1849. In that of Aug. 4 appeared Corporation from the statement made by some verses by him entitled Erin's Prayer the late Alderman R. H. Holmes, and if to the Queen.' On Sept. 29 there appeared that statement be correct, I think it would 'An Ode to Hungary,' and in the same issue be wiser for the Corporation themselves to an article entitled The Plague of London.' hold so great a relic than to send it away To a later issue Smith contributed an epistle, to a museum in London! Corporations, The Bygone Year, 1849.' All of these happily, have pride equally with old claim poetic and artistic merit. families and believe in the words of Disraeli : There is no greater incentive to noble deeds than the pride of noble ancestry." RICHARD H. HOLME.

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JOHN FREDERICK SMITH,
NOVELIST.

(12 S. x. 229.)

d/to

SOME four or five years ago I made
an exhaustive research relating to this
extremely popular old-time Bohemian writer
of sensational fiction. The results of my
labours are embodied in a series of articles
which appeared in Spare Moments (London
Journal Supplement) under the title of
'Peeps into the Past,' and if MR. P. J.
ANDERSON Would write to the publisher,
Mr. F. A. Wickhart, 4, Crane Court, Fleet
Street, E.C.4, I have no doubt he would be
supplied with copies, or the whole series of
articles, numbering 50, can be seen in the
British Museum Library (Press number
11850, v. 33). Mr. Wickhart, by the way,
owns the copyrights of J. F. Smith's serials
that appeared in The London Journal, and
also possesses
the original wood-blocks
drawn by Sir John Gilbert to illustrate the
tales of Smith, Sir Walter Scott, Pierce Egan
the younger, and other well-known writers
for The London Journal (enumerated by
MR. RALPH THOMAS in 9 S. v. 377, 459;
vi. 14, 74-11 S. vii. 221, 276, 297, 375;
viii. 121, 142; x. 102, 144, 183, 223, 262, 292,
301). The early volumes of The London
rnal containing these illustrations are

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Smith left The London Journal in a most dramatic manner towards the end of 1855, before he had completed Masks and Faces,' and joined (Mr. John) Cassell's Illustrated Family Paper exclusively. (He had previously contributed 'The Soldier of Fortune, a Tale of the War,' to that progressive periodical.) He commenced a series of fine serials which appeared as follows: (1) Dick Tarleton, or Lessons of Life,' in No. 106 (Jan. 5, 1856). This tale was afterwards translated into French and published in book form in 1858. (2) 'Phases of Life, or a Peep Behind the Scenes,' in No. 147 (Oct. 18, 1856), followed by (3) a historical romance, The Young Pretender, or a Hundred Years Ago,' in No. 186 (July 18, 1857). In No. 1 of the new series of Cassell's Illustrated Paper (Dec. 5, 1857) appeared_(4)

Smiles and Tears, a Tale of Our Own Times,' (5) The Substance and the Shadow in No. 53 (Dec. 4, 1858), and (6) Milly Moyne, or Broken at Last,' in No. 79 (June 4, 1859). After an interval, during which the author went abroad, (7) 'Who is to Win ?' began in No. 136 (July 7, 1860). This was followed by (8) Sowing and Gathering' in No. 183 (Jan. 1, 1861); then came (9) Warp and Weft, or The Cotton Famine,' in No. 263 (Dec. 13, 1862); and, finally, (10) False Steps' in No. 326 (Feb. 27, 1864). The illustrations to Smith's serials in the first issue were by T. H. Nicholson and C. W. Sheeres; those to 'Smiles and Tears' by A. Crowquill and Pearson; to The Substance and the Shadow,' E. J. Skill; those to Who is to Win?' by John Swain and

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C. Green; those to False Steps' and Molly Moyne' are unsigned. It was at this period (1865) that J. F. Smith rejoined The London Journal, the proprietor of which periodical purchased the copyrights of the stories which had been running through Cassell's Illustrated Paper for £1,000.

I have not been able to trace any of these serials as published in book form, but most of those that appeared in The London Journal were published by Messrs. Bradley and Co. at various times and can be picked up occasionally at second-hand bookshops. The Will and the Way' appeared again as a serial in No. 1 of The Seven Days Journal, Sept. 6, 1862, and was continued in No. 1 of The London Reader, May 18, 1863, when the former became incorporated with the latter. 'Minnigrey' also appeared in No. 1 of The Guide, Aug. 3, 1861. This work is considered and accepted as the highest achievement of the author and became very popular, and I believe is so at the present time. That J. F. Smith was a popular man in his day goes without saying, for with vol. viii. (N.S.) of The London Journal, No. 363 (Nov. 25, 1890), was presented a large sheet pictorial almanac containing the portraits of a bevy of society and actress beauties, including Miss Winifred Emery, Lady Brooke, Miss Mary Anderson, Madame Albani, Ellen Terry, Nikita (?), Adelina Patti, Lady Dunlo, the Countess of Zetland and Lady Randolph Churchill; and right in the centre of these is a portrait of John Frederick Smith.

H. Lea, Warwick Lane, 1860, is illustrated; The Prelate,' published by Ward and Lock in a yellow-back edition in 1860, is not illustrated; but The Chronicles of Stansfield Hall,' in 50 numbers, published by E. Lloyd, 1851, is illustrated in the usual style of "Penny Dreadfuls."

Smith ended his days in New York, where he published some of his old tales and some new ones, the titles of which I cannot find. The actual date of his death I have failed to discover, although I wrote to a firm of publishers in New York on the subject. I did, however, gather that the once popular idol and writer had died in obscurity and want, some time during March, 1890. Only one English newspaper, the London Star, chronicled the fact, and said :

:

There has just died in New York J. F. Smith, a once popular author, who wrote a large number of serials in the fifties for The London Journal. His methods of production were peculiar, nothing would induce him to write more than the weekly instalment, which was done in a room at the office of The Journal. Here he was shut up with a bottle of port and a cigar, or pipe, glance at strict instructions not to let him out without the the last week's instalment (and the office boy had necessary copy), and he would write off a week's instalment for the next number and take it to the cashier and draw his pay, and sending out the boy to see if the court was clear of dunning or objectionable characters, would leave the office and not return until the following week. In this way were his long romances produced, and it is marvellous how he could keep his connexion of the plot and characters under such conditions.

Smith was a pure Bohemian, and it is related of him that whilst in the height of Most of Smith's tales were re-issued as his popularity and enjoying the income serials in The London Journal from time to of an Under-Secretary of State, he lived in time, and he does not appear to have written seclusion in a boarding-house in Bloomsbury many, if any, tales other than those already and would not associate himself with his enumerated by MR. RALPH THOMAS and fellow-writers, one reason for this exclusivethose that appeared in Cassell's Illustrated ness being his deafness, which prevented Family Paper. Rochester, or The Merry him from entering into profitable conDays of Merry England,' which was published versation with others. in 29 penny weekly numbers by E. Lloyd, 1852, appeared as a serial in The Halfpenny Gazette, No. 46 (Jan. 16, 1864), with illustrations by C. Bonner, but only ran to 38 chapters instead of the original 49.

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I am wondering whether J. F. Smith had anything to do with those " Penny Dreadful tales which are the subject of my query under Early Victorian Literature' (see ante, pp. 210 and 273). The Jesuit,' by Smith, in three vols., published by Saunders and Otley, Conduit Street, in 1832, is not illustrated; Amy Lawrence, the Freemason's Daughter,' in 35 numbers, published by

FRANK JAY.

COL. MONTRÉSOR OF BELMONT (12 S. x. 170, 214).-F. M. M. would be glad of my references to The Kentish Gazette, and I have pleasure in giving the following as quoted by my correspondent :—

Kentish Gazette, June 21, 1799.

Maidstone. It is with the utmost regret that we have to announce the death of John Montresor, Esq., late of Belmont in this county.

Kentish Gazette, June 25, 1799.

The remains of John Montresor, Esq., whose paper, death was mentioned in our Friday's were conveyed from the jail at Maidstone on Wednesday last and interred in the most private manner in the Parish Church of that place. The

His

I knew Waldo Story, son of the author of Roba di Roma,' very well; he also was a sculptor and died shortly (a year or two) before the war, I think.

immediate cause of this valuable and good man's death was a fever which attacked him during his confinement added to the late trying anxiety of mind, and his infirmities arising from hardships in America during a service of forty years. In another letter my friend writes:many amiable qualities made him universally It is most highly probable the way of playing beloved and esteemed by every person who had the happiness of his acquaintance. His family the game varies in different parts of Italy. The have lost in him a tender parent, a most affection-unification of Italy has had little effect on purely ate husband, and the world one of the noblest local customs. works of God, AN HONEST MAN [sic].

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I submit that Story had a right to form From these defiant capitals the gallant his own opinion on Pallone v. Cricket, officer evidently had a good press," and and that his preference for the former we may assume The Kentish Gazette was not a scarcely merits the epithet “silly.” supporter of the then Government.

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As to the official rank of John Montrésor, the 'D.N.B.,' which seems to have known nothing of the last decade of his life, makes him Major" and gazettes him only up to "Captain and Engineer." The Maidstone Parish Register, I am told, records his burial on June 9, 1799, as Lt.-Colonel, Whether this

but I have not verified this.

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rank was the result of long service in America, where even then Colonel was perhaps "common form," whether it was official after the date to which the 'D.N.B.' follows him, or whether it was a tribute to local popularity, I must leave to some military expert.

PERCY HULBURD.

PALLONE, AN ITALIAN GAME (12 S. x. 65, 154).—I doubt there being inaccuracies in the description of the game as played in Rome given by the late William Wetmore Story. He was a prose writer and poet as well as sculptor, and from 1848 till his death in 1895 lived mainly in Rome. He occupied for many years part of the Palazzo Barberini. I may perhaps quote from a letter written to me a few days ago by a friend of mine, who was Military Attaché in Rome for many years :—

ROBERT PIERPOINT.

IDENTIFICATION OF FLAG (12 S. x. 70).— The flag may be that of the Guinea Company, which was formed 1588, for though it does not exactly answer the description, in that it has no canton, yet it has the cross and the bordure chequy, and C. King, in his small book on flags, says that the Guinea Company's flag appears to have had more than one form. In addition, it must be remembered that painters were often Hulme, in not exact in their heraldry. his Flags of the World,' gives an illustration of the flag. The E.I. Co. had an ensign containing a red cross in the canton, the remainder of the flag being striped red and white; the number of stripes varied. Since the date 1666 is suggested, the following note I have found amongst my papers may be relevant :

Prince Rupert was in command.of the Guinea Fleet in 1664, sailing in the Henrietta, a thirdThe fleet put to rater of 60 guns and 380 men. sea, but was recalled owing to the war preparations of the Dutch.

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My opinion is that it is at any rate some
company" flag.
A. G. KEALY,
Chaplain, R.N. retd.

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THE TROUTBECK PEDIGREE (12 S. x. 21, 77, 97, 111).-The greater part of the Pallone is still played in Rome; there is a big open court in the new quarter that has sprung original article by DR. HALL is based on up of late years outside the old walls between his statement that John Talbot of Grafton, the Porta Pia and the Villa Borghese. The court by his will of 1549, appointed, as overseer, is surrounded by a high wall surmounted with Richard Trutbek, my father-in-law." DR. netting. During my last stay in Rome there was HALL asks, In what sense does Talbot no play owing to the war, but many years ago, twenty or thereabouts, when I was first in Rome, call Richard Trutbek his father-in-law ? I used sometimes to go and see the game played, AS DR. HALL says elsewhere," plainly there and although I am not familiar with the rules is wild confusion somewhere," for the answer and my recollection is rather vague, I think that Story's account is correct and accurate. to his question is that Talbot does not do MR. JOHN BROWNBILL tells me I take it, it would be difficult to catch him napping so at all. The executors with regard to any matter connected with the he has looked at the will. Romans and their customs. I know nothing of were the wife (not named), George Alyngton the game as played outside Rome, but it is most and Richard Trutbek; and the overseer probable that the rules, &c., vary locally in was "my father-in-law (no name given). different parts of Italy. I always was under the impression that pallone was a Roman Thus there was no occasion for most of DR. peciality. HALL'S lengthy article; nor is there any

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