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Protestant faith. Though he was excepted TURNER FAMILY (12 S. v. 94, 249; viii. from banishment under the Revocation of 238, 299).-Notwithstanding the notes at the Edict of Nantes, his sons had to resign the above references, and searches that have their commissions in the Army and Navy. been made, I have not yet been able to After his death his body was refused connect the family of Turner of Martholme honourable sepulture, but his son Henri and Altham with that of Manchester and erected a statue to his memory at Geneva Wilmslow, and as I feel convinced that the (see Charnock, History of Naval Archi- information required can only be supplied tecture,' vo'. ii., pp. 311-13). from private records, I again appeal to readers of N. & Q.' who may have any genealogical data regarding Turner families to help me if they can.

For copious biographies of Duquesne and Renau see Larousse; and for a description of the "hell-burner," or infernal machine invented by the Italian, Giambelli, and used to destroy the Duke of Parma's bridge over the Scheldt during the siege of Antwerp, see Motley, History of the United Netherlands,' vol. i., pp. 190-97.

The bomb-ketch must have been introduced into the British Navy between 1684 and 1688, as it is not noticed in the enumeration of vessels given by Charnock, vo'. ii., pp. 422-25. Boats of this description took part in the battle of Copenhagen (1801), where they were placed in a row behind the line of warships and fired their mortars over them into the town and fortifications. They were also used ineffectively by Nelson in his unsuccessful attack on the Boulogne flotilla of invasion in August of the same year; but in the bombardment of Sve borg in 1855 they did excellent service; for these occasions see the volumes of Clowes.

Berkeley, Cal.

N. W. HILL.

The first of the family of whom I have record was Robert Turner of Martholme, in 1687. He was buried at Great Harwood Church, Dec. 2, 1727. The name of his wife is not known, but he left, with other issue, a son, Thomas Turner of Martholme, a trustee of township charities in 1743 and 1759. He married and had issue :—

1. Margaret Turner, born 1723, died 1790. She married, firstly, Giles Hoyle of Altham Hall; secondly, Thomas Royston of Great Harwood.

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6. John Turner, M.D., of Hobstones, Colne. William, Thomas and Robert built up DOMINOES (12 S. ix. 447).-As to the a large business in calico-printing in the material of which Napier's 'bones' were vicinity of Blackburn. composed, the following may be quoted from The Standard newspaper of Oct. 5,

1912

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The first calculating machine ever invented is to be put on the market shortly by Messrs. Sotheby. The parent of the modern slide-rule is known as Napier's Bones." It was the device of John Napier, Baron of Merchiston, who invented the present notation of decimal fractions and the canon of logarithms. “Napier's Bones" are wooden and metal numbering rods, and by manipulating them in conjunction with some numbered metal plates a calculator was able to add, subtract, divide, and multiply large numbers with much greater speed than the unassisted brain allowed.

In William Lilly's History of his Life and Times,' he says, "Lord Merchiston was a great lover of astrology"; and the edition of 1822 contains a portrait of Napier in the act of manipulating his invention "from a rare print by Delaram."

W. B. H.

I. William Turner, of Martholme, born 1727, married Jane, daughter of William Mitchell, or Robinson, of Hoarstones, in Pendle Forest, on Jan. 3, 1753. He died May 22, 1782, aged 55, having had issue :

1. Thomas Turner, born 1755, died 1781. 2. Robinson Turner, born 1757, died 1761. 3. William Turner, born 1758, died 1796 (of Martholme).

4. James Turner, born 1759, of Carter Place, Haslingden. He married Mary, dau. of Ralph Ellison, gentleman, of Accrington, and died May 30, 1822.

5. John Turner; bpt. at Great Harwood, Sept. 21, 1761.

.

6. Edward Turner; bpt. at Great Har-
wood, Feb. 4, 1766; of Woodlands, near
Manchester. He married Alice
He died May 26, 1833, and was buried at
Hill.
St. Mark's, Cheetham
She died
March 26, 1830.

7. Robinson Turner; bpt. at Great Harwood, July 13, 1769; died Nov. 14, 1814; buried at St. Luke's Church, City Road, London.

8. Jennet Turner; bpt. at Great Harwood, July 13, 1769.

9. Jane Turner; bpt. at Great Harwood; married her cousin, William Turner, M.P. for Blackburn, of Shrigley Hall, Co. Chester, and had a daughter, Ellen Turner, who was married, Jan. 14, 1829, to Thomas Legh, Esq., LL.D. and F.A.S., of Lyme Park, Co. Chester, and Haydock Lodge and Golborne Park, Co. Lancaster, and was the mother of Ellen Jane Legh, who in 1847 became the wife of Brabazon Lowther, fourth son of Gorges Lowther, of Hampton Hall. Co. Somerset, representative of a younger branch of the family of Lowther, raised to the peerage in 1696 under the title of Lonsdale.

II. Thomas Turner of Altham Hall; bpt. Aug. 13, 1731, at Great Harwood; married. May 31, 1770, Ellen, dau, of James Aspinall of Westwell, at Whalley, and had issue :1. Thomas Turner. 2. James Turner.

3. Robert Turner, born 1790, of Shuttleworth Hall, Hopton; married Sarah, dau. of Roger Green of Whalley Abbey, and had issue :

i. Thomas Turner. ii. Roger Turner.

iii. Robert Turner of Shuttleworth Hall. iv. James Turner.

III. Robert Turner of Blackburn: bpt. 1734, married Eilen . . . He died Oct. 17. 1811, and was buried at St. John's, Blackburn. She died Feb. 5, 1808, aged 72. They had issue :—

1. Thomas Turner of Stokes; died 1825. 2. Robert Turner of Mill Hill and Manchester; born 1770, died March, 1842. at his residence in Piccadilly, Manchester.

3. John Turner; died 1825.

4. William Turner, born 1777; M.P. for Blackburn; of Shrigley Hall, Cheshire; married his cousin, as mentioned above, and died at Mill Hill, July 17, 1842.

I am anxious to trace the connexion between this family and William Turner of Wilmslow, born 1782, who married Ellen Wilson, and had issue :

1. John, born 1811; died at Brooklyn House, Ruabon, Jan. 20, 1893; buried at Overton, Ellesmere. Salop. He married Mary and had issue :-

Elizabeth Hardman Turner of "Thornton," Ruabon. She died Sept. 17, 1916.

2. Solomon. 3. Samuel.

4. James; died Oct. 16, 1866, aged buried at Wilmslow.

5. William.

6. Emanuel, born 1825; assistant con troller, cashier and committee clerk to Manchester Corporation from 1842 to 18 married Hannah Boumphrey of Liverpo died 1878.

7. Oswald, born 1827, died Nov., 19 buried at Wilmslow, Cheshire. 8. Elizabeth.

9. Jane.

10. Ellen, born 1820; married to Jan Bligh. She died March 14, 1877; and he di Feb. 22, 1876. Both buried at Wilmslow.

11. Hannah; married to Christopher Bat Mr. William Turner of Wilmslow di Sept. 28, 1865, and was buried at Wilmslo His wife, who died Sept. 29, 1863, aged 7 was also buried at Wilmslow. The place his birth is unknown and I have not be able to trace any record of a will.

If any reader can prove the connexi with the first-named family I shall be ve grateful. JAMES SETON-ANDERSON.

39, Carlisle Road, Hove, Sussex. AUTHORS WANTED (12 S. ix. 470).— 4. Time with a gift of tears. Grief with a glass that ran.

It has been humorously suggested that S. burne meant to write:

"Grief with a gift of tears.

Time with a glass that ran,” or. at any rate, ought so to have written: à certainly the meaning of his verses would that case have been more obvious. W. exactly, do they mean as they stand?

Notes on Books.

C. C. B.

A New English Dictionary on Historical Pr cipies. Vol. x. W-Wash. By Henry Bra ley. Clarendon Press. lus. net.) A LARGE Troportion of the most interesting Eng words belong to this section, which contains derivatives from Greek and Latin. Old Fren words, of which there are many, are referac the Teutonic element of that language w

pears, slightly disguised, under an initial s in such words as gier, guerre, gamfre, for exam of which we have made wait.'

war

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articles on "wait," whether considered from the English Organ-Cases. By Andrew Freeman. historical point of view or from that of their (London: G. A. Mate and Son.) structure and their illustrations, are admirable. THE subject of organ-cases has the rare distinction One small criticism we may make, because it of being comparatively fresh. It sometimes seems to indicate that the makers of the great happens that a neglected subject is brought into dictionary sometimes forget how monumental a prominence by an incompetent enthusiast. Such work they are achieving. Under wait and see a person stimulates rather than informs, functions we read:" Recently often used with allusion to as a door-keeper rather than a guide. This is Mr. H. H. Asquith's repeated reply to a by no means Mr. Freeman's case. He is equipped succession of questions in Parliament." In fifty with solid and extensive information. He knows years' time this will appear but a futile account, thoroughly well the organs and organ-cases while the precise particulars will be tiresome to throughout the length and breadth of England, find. A similar want of precision may be observed the history of the making and use of these inin the definition of "warm-blooded." Probably struments, and the principles by which the few people realize that the first uses of "waft successful construction of a good organ in its have somewhat the meaning of whiff a taste place in a building is determined. His knowledge or flavour, then a scent carried in the air. Its nauti- of English organ-cases is illuminated by his study cal use for a flag or ensign goes back to the early of foreign examples as well as by an evident seventeenth century. As a verb "waft' covers competence in architecture. His book is illustrated two origins-first, a back-formation from "wafter," by a large number of excellent photographs, (cf. L.G. wachter) a convoy, and, secondly, waff, a of which the great majority were taken by himform used in Scotland and Northern England for self, and he makes dexterous use of the illustraour wave or "waive." The two meanings tions in his text. have in use become considerably confused. The obsolete word " waghalter" (a" gallows-bird") is thought to survive, in jocose use, in the substantive “wag." It is curious how dignified this verb once was and how it has declined in modern speech. Waggon "-the Dutch wagen-which has a thoroughly native English sound, is in fact a sixteenth century importation, coming from the wars and used first of military transport. As a mining term it is used for a measure of weight24 cwt. "Waif" and "waive" come from the Norman O.F. gaif, are probably of Scandinavian origin, and appear first as legal terms. Waive," however, covers also the root signifying to move or swing. The articles on "walk may be noted for their great historical interest and for the abundance of idioms and phrases they contain. Most of these are familiar-but the old "walks of the Royal Exchange, a "walk" of snipes and even a "walk-clerk (a modern term) may serve as examples of senses which will be new to many students. The origin of the word is O.E. wealcan, to roll or toss. Under "wall," we noticed that the dictionary does not commit itself to any explanation of the origin of the phrase "to go to the wall.""Waist," it seems, is to be connected with wax," to grow, and the modern spelling was rare till Johnson fixed it in his dictionary. Another interesting Dutch word is "wainscot introduced in the fourteenth century of which the original sense is all but lost. Urquhart, in 1652, could still say that "a wedge of wainscot is fittest and most proper for cleaving of an oaken tree." Wainscot was a superior foreign oak brought from Russia, Germany or Holland. Its etymology remains obscure.

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The articles on "-ward" and "-wards," both as to derivation and as to development of use, are among the most valuable of the section, or, as offering fresh discussion on an important suffix, of the whole dictionary. We had marked a large number of other words, and details in the account of words, for mention, but can hardly, in a short review, cope with such an embarras de richesses. It should, however, be said that the derivations in this section are of quite special interest. The section contains 2,559 words and 14,787 quota

tions.

The introduction of organs into England goes back to the end of the seventh century. first rare, owing to their cost and also to the difficulty of finding a man to play them, organs had become tolerably common by the middle of the fifteenth century. At the Reformation and during the Great Rebellion many were destroyed by the zeal of iconoclasts-a destruction greatly to be regretted because, in the old examples, the case was treated as an important addition to the adornment of the church, and had lavished on it the same skill, care and feeling for beauty as the medieval craftsman brought to the fashioning of sedilia or rood-screen. The musical development of the instrument slow, and up to the end of the seventeenth century most English organs were of small size. For hundreds of years English organ-building was done by monks, a fact which will largely explain the traditions which grew up for the design and decoration of pipes and case. The custom of gilding is mentioned by St. Aldhelm.

was

We have in England twelve organ-cases belonging to the pre-Restoration period, of which the earliest is that at St. Stephen's, Old Radnor (c. 1500), and the latest an organ-case at Blair Atholl Castle (1650). Of these an exceedingly interesting example is that at St. Nicholas, Stanford-on-Avon, Northants, which is said to have come from Whitehall and is conjectured by our author to have contained that organ which Samuel Pepys heard played on a July Sunday-the first time he remembered to have heard the organs and singing-men in surplices." The most magnificent is at King's College, Cambridge-a case built in 1605-6 by Chapman and Hartop for an organ of Thomas Dallam's; and another, worth mentioning for its attractiveness, is that at Hatfield, also probably for an organ by Dallam.

64

From 1660 to 1790 English organ-building produced the most numerous and famous of the older works of the art. The Dallams, the Harrises and Father Smith designed cases which, if details may be objected to as alien from their purpose when erected in churches, were yet conceived upon plans of noble and graceful proportion, and carried out with great success.

Their work is here most carefully and critically would be about £650. In present circumstances discussed. On the period of debasement which the committee were not prepared to advise exclosed the eighteenth and began the nineteenth penditure of so large a sum for this purpose, but century Mr. Freeman writes with vigour, but proposed a tablet of similar design, although also with discrimination ; on the revival and executed in painted tile panels instead of in on modern examples and tendencies he is ap- bronze and enamel, which can be provided at a preciative but also ready with suggestive and comparatively small cost. The committee prohelpful criticism. He advises a return to the posed that the inscription placed on the tablet be use of shutters-which would both be useful in the following terms:to enclose the organ at cleaning times and add a signal opportunity for decoration; and he says all that should be said about the enormity of letting the tops of pipes appear above the wood-work of the case.

We have not discovered upon what principle the illustrations are arranged, and there is no index of persons. Moreover, so good a book might, we think, have been more attractively printed. Otherwise we have nothing but praise for a sound and careful piece of work.

RATCLIFFE CROSS AND STAIRS
MEMORIAL.

THE movement for the restoration of Ratcliffe
Cross and Stairs to public memory and honour
as the rendezvous and sailing-place of many of the
first oversea adventurers of England (whose little
ship-crews were mainly recruited in the maritime
parts of Old Stepney), would appear to have
originated some sixty years ago at the instance of
the teaching corps of the two most conspicuous
Foundation schools in the locality, supported by
the authorities of the Mother Church of St. Dun-
stan, Stepney. And of late years it has enjoyed
attention in the most exalted quarters with in-
timate Naval associations, in connexion with the
designing of the King Edward Memorial Park, at
the adjacent Shadwell, in the same reach of the
Thames.

Long before the reign of the Tudors-when men-at-arms and archers were for ever passing to and from the French heritages, fiefs and acquisitions of English kings-the shipwrights of Ratcliffe were building vessels for what was to be, practically, the King's Navy in the making; and the ancient Stepney Vestry had scarcely settled to its functions ere resident Masters, Captains, Brethren, Mariners of the Trinity Guild are found' serving actively on the body, with brewers, artificers, craftsmen, gunmakers, powdermakers, cannon-founders, ropemakers, sailmakers, riggers, blockmakers, shipwrights, carpenters, sawyers, shipsmiths, fleshers, victuallers, salters, coopers, &c., upbuilding the Port of London.

In the report of the Records and Museums Committee submitted at the last meeting of the London County Council, it was recalled that, in May, 1914, the Committee had under consideration a proposal made by Sir John Benn, Bt., that a memorial to Elizabethan explorers and navigators should be erected at the place" formerly known as Ratcliffe Cross." It was proposed that a bronze tablet with a suitable inscription and a design in enamel of a ship of the Tudor period in full sail should be affixed to the wall of the Ratcliffe entrance of the Rotherhithe Tunnel (which is the actual site of the historic Ratcliffe Cross). The project was estimated to cost £270. It was, however, postponed until after the war, and now it

This Tablet is in memory of Sir Hugh Willoughby, Stephen Borough, William Borough, Sir Martin Frobisher, and other navigators, who, in the latter half of the Sixteenth Century, set sail from this Reach of the River Thames near Ratcliffe Cross to explore the Northern Seas.

66

Erected by the London County Council, 1922.” mittee expressed the opinion that it should be As regards the position for the tablet, the comerected on a stone to be placed in the King Edward Memorial Park. With the concurrence of the Parks Committee a site had been selected for the purpose. In this position the memorial will be close to the river and will be well under observation and thus less liable to damage than if placed on the Ratcliffe tunnel entrance in the open street. Moreover, it will probably be seen by more people. An offer to present and fix a suitable stone has been made by Mr. E. C. Hannen, of the firm of Messrs. Holland and Hannen, and the total cost of providing and fixing the panel will, it is estimated, not exceed £60.

The London County Council adopted this report, none dissenting, and the Records Committee were empowered to take all the necessary steps in

the matter.

CORRIGENDA.

Mc.

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LONDON, JANUARY 14, 1922.

CONTENTS.-No. 196.

NOTES:-The Troutbeck Pedigree, 21-Needham's Point
Naval and Military Cemetery, Barbados, 23-Principal
London Coffee-houses in the Eighteenth Century. 26-A
Parliamentary Election in the Seventeenth Century, 27—
-Provincial Booksellers, A.D., 1714, 28-Edward Fitz-
Gerald E. F. G.-Apprentices to and from Overseas-
Inequality of Postal Rates, 29-" Dear Clifford's Seat "-
Sussex Pronunciation of Place-names-Caen Wood-A
Singular Request, 30.

QUERIES:-Dr. Gideon A. Mantell, F.R.S.-Baron Grant

Beauchamp: Moseley: Woodham (Wodham)-Song-book

by Tobias Hume-St. John the Almoner-Launching of
Ships, 31-Rabbits in Australia-Cipher on St. James's
Palace The Brighton Atheneum-Pedigrees wanted-
Adah Isaac Menken's Infelicia -The English "h":
Celtic, Latin and German Influences-James Hales

The above Adam is called a second son; and as his heir, his daughter Margaret becomes also heir, no doubt, to his elder brother William, if it were possible to accept the statement of the pedigree that William "ob. s.p." This, however, appears to be entirely erroneous : the fact is that William says he executed certain deeds passing lands to his Ichildren"; in his will (P.C.C., 35 Bennett) he recites that the deeds were dated May 1 (1508), 23 Henry VII., whence it may seem plian he had no issue born after that date. Since upwards of two years before his death these children are alive, he certainly had issue, whether surviving him or not.

66

This William is stated to have been 15 years of age in 4 Edward IV., whence His father had

Thoresby Hardres-Welsh Map sought, 32— The Ingoldsby he was born about 1449.

Legends --Inscriptions on an' Icon, 33-Proverb: Origin

wanted-Matthew Arnold: Reference sought-Author's

Name wanted, 34.

REPLIES:-" Mata Hari's" Youth, 34-Vice-Admiral Sir
Christopher Mings, 35-Title of "K.H."—Sir Richard
Woolfe-Cotton family of Warbleton (Warblington), 36-
The House of Harcourt, 37-Plugenet-" Journey

died 2 Edward IV., and in the two years' interval he had been ward first of the King and then of Sir John Butler of Bewsey. The quoted pedigree presents that by 2 Edward IV. (1462) he had been married to a Joan or Jane, daughter of Sir John Botiller, doubtless the guardian: it may

S nokers' Folk-lore, 38-Edward Lamplugh-Molesworth be the date should read 4 Edward IV.,

-Author of Poem wanted, 39.

NOTES ON BOOKS:- Ancient Tales from Many Lands'

· Essays and Studies by Members of the English Association - Pedigrees of some East Anglian Dennys - Memoir of Colonel William Denny, Lieutenant-Governor of Pennsyl

vania.'

Notices to Correspondents.

Notes.

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namely, the year of the inquisition upon his father's death. Passing that, he is at least married by 1464, and then some 15 years of age: but there is a further statement that he was divorced from Joan, July 31, 1491," they "being within the fourth degree." He was by then aged about 42, and had been her husband for 27 years or more; the children whom he speaks in his alleged deeds of 1508 when he is near 60-might thus include some issue of Joan. By 1508, the youngest of such issue, if any, must be nearing their majority; some of them may be parents of issue already growing up. Possibly there are none, however; that might have stimulated a respect for the asserted canonical scruples of two decades ago.

THE TROUTBECK PEDIGREE. INTEREST in this family arises perhaps for the most part only at its extinction in the main line, when an heiress carried Albrighton to the Talbots of Grafton-according to the usual accounts. At that point we read John Talbot was already married to Margaret Troutbeck, daughter of Adam, and heiress of Adam's elder brother William, In any case William marries again, and she being then 16 years of age, namely, to a wife capable of bringing him an heir. at William's death in 2 Henry VIII. or She was "Margaret, daughter of Richard about 1510. Such are the statements Hough of Leighton esq. married in or advanced by Helsby, in his Ormerod's ante 18 Henry VII." (1502-1503), namely, Cheshire' (ii. 42), using a version evidently at least 5 years, and maybe over 15 years, derived mainly from a draft by Beamont. before the date of these deeds. That will It seems difficult to believe that the facts quite agreed; and Beamont's Introduction to the Amicia Tracts' controversy does not indicate him a peculiarly sagacious genealogist.

suggest that he has relatively young issue— in his own word, children-born of Margaret. She is stated to have remarried William Poole of Poole, by 4 Henry VIII. (1512); to him she bore several children, including

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