141. Relative pronouns are such as relate to some preceding noun, which is called the antecedent. They are qui, who, and the compound pronouns, quicunque, and quisquis, whoever.

143. Quicunque is declined in the same manner, putting the termination cunque at the end of each variation of the simple; thus, quicunque, quæcunque, quodcunque.

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.

144. Possessive pronouns are formed from the substantive pronouns, and indicate possession or property. They are meus, tuus, suus, noster and vester.

145. Meus, tuus, and suus are declined like bonus, except that meus has mi, and sometimes meus, in the vocative singular masculine.

146. Noster and vester are declined like niger, § 99.

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS.

147. Interrogative pronouns are such as ask the person or object intended. They are, Quis or Qui, who or which? Quisnam, Quinam, which, what? Ecquis, Ecquisnam, Numquis, is any one? Cujus, whose?

148. Quis is declined like the relative qui, quæ, quod, (§ 142,) except that it has quod or quid in the nom. and acc. neuter singular. 149. Cujus, as far as it is used, is declined like bonus.

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS.

150. Indefinite pronouns are such as denote a person or object in a general manner, without referring to any one in particular. They are,

Aliquis, some one.

Siquis, if any.
Nequis, lest any.
Quisque, every one.

Quisquam, any one. Quidam, a certain one.
Quispiam, some one. Quilibet, any one you
Unusquisque, each one. Quivis,

please.

143. How is quincunque declined ?—144.What are possessive pronouns? Name them.-145. How are meus, tuus and suus declined? What peculiar to meus ?-146. How are noster and vester declined? -147. What are interrogative pronouns? Name them.-148. How is quis declined?-149. How cujus 2-150. What are indefinite pronouns? Name them.

151. Siquis and nequis, as well as ecquis and numquis of the interrogative pronouns, are declined like aliquis, as follows:

152. The Patrial pronouns are such as denote the country, nation, or party to which a person belongs. They are, Nostras, of our country; Vestras, of your country; and Cujas, of what country; all declined like adjectives of one termination; thus:

153. A verb is a word by which something is affirmed of a person or thing.

154. That of which the affirmation is made is called the subject of the verb; as, puella legit, "the girl reads;" epistola legitur, "the letter is read." In these propo

151. What are declined like aliquis?-152. What are patrial pronouns? Name them. How declined?-153. What is a verb?154. What is the subject? Give examples.

sitions the words puella and epistola are the subjects of the verbs, because of them the affirmation or assertion is made.

155. It is called a verb from verbum, "a word," because it is the chief word in every sentence or proposition, and without it no perfect proposition could be formed.

156. Verbs are divided into three classes, Active, Passive, and Neuter.

157. An active or transitive verb represents its subject nominative as acting upon some object, which object is put in the accusative; as, Deus gubernat MUNDUM, "God governs the world.”

158. A passive verb represents its subject nominative, (which was the object of the active verb,) as being acted upon, as, MUNDUS gubernātur a Deo, "the world is governed by God."

159. A neuter or intransitive verb expresses such a state or action as does not require an object to complete the sense; as, ego dormio, “I sleep ;" equus currit, “the horse runs.'

66

160. A deponent verb is one which, under a passive form, has an active signification, either transitive, as, loquor, "to speak;" or intransitive, as, glorior, "to boast."

161. Verbs undergo certain changes in their terminations to denote their different voices, moods, tenses, numbers, and persons.

VOICES.

162. The voices are two; the active, ending in o, and representing its nominative as acting, as, amo, "I love;"

155. Why called a verb?-156. How are verbs divided?-157. What is an active verb?-158. What is a passive verb ?-159. What is a neuter verb?-160. What is a deponent verb?-161. What changes do verbs undergo!-162. How many voices?

the passive ending in or, representing its nominative as being acted on, as, amor, "I am loved."

MOODS.

163. Moods are forms of the verb expressing the manner in which the action or state, denoted by the verb, exists.

164. There are in Latin four moods, the indicative, the subjunctive, the imperative, and the infinitive.

165. The indicative mood is that form of the verb by which some fact is positively asserted; as, amo, “I love;" amābo, “I shall love."

166. The subjunctive, or as it might more properly be called, the conditional mood, is that form of the verb which declares an action or state as simply conceived by the mind, and which depends upon some condition for its consummation; as, si me oвSECRET, redibo, “If HE ENTREAT me I will return.'

167. The imperative mood is that form of the verb. which is used in commanding, exhorting, or entreating; as, ama, "love thou;" docētor, "be thou taught."

Note. The present subjunctive is often used for the imperative.

168. The infinitive mood is that form of the verb which expresses its meaning indefinitely; that is, without limiting it to any person or time; as, amare, "to love;" legisse,"to have read."

TENSES.

169. Tenses are the times (tempora) in which the action or state of the verb exists.

170. There are five tenses in Latin, namely, the pre

163. What are moods?-164. How many moods in Latin?-165. What is the indicative mood?-166. What is the subjunctive mood? What might it more properly be called? Why?-167. What is the imperative mood? Note. What is often used for the imperative?—

168. What is the infinitive mood?-169. What are tenses?-170. How many tenses in Latin?