affemble in great troops in the fields of India, and will attack women going to market, and take their provifions from them. The females carry the young in their arms, and will leap from tree to tree with them. Apes were worbipped in India, and had magnificent temples erected to them. When the Portuguefe plundered one in Ceylon.. they found in a little golden cafket the tooth of an ape; a relic held by the natives in fuch venera-> tion, that they offered 700,000 ducats to redeem it, but in vain; for it was burnt by the viceroy, to flop the progrefs of idolatry.

colour; hair on the crown of the head long, lying, fat, and parted like that of a man; e lour, a pale cinereous brown. They inhabit Ceylon; keep in great troops; and rob gardens of their fruit, and fields of their corn, to prevent, which the natives are obliged to watch the whole day; yet, tete animals are fo bold, that, when driven from one en of the field, they will immediately enter at the other, and cairy off with them as much as their, mouth and arms can hold. Bofman, fpeaking of the thefts of the monkeys of Guinea, fays, that they will take in each paw one or two ftalks of millet, as many under their armas, and 2 of 3 in their mouth; and thus aden, hop away on their hind legs: but, if purfued, they fling away all, except what is in their mouths, that it may not impede their fight. They are very nice in the choice of the millet; examine every ftalk; and if they do not like it, fing it away; fo that this de. licacy does more harm to the fields than their thievery.

21. SIMIA CERCOP. TALAPONIUS, the TALAPOIN, is a native of India; about a foot long from nofe to rump, and has a tail near 18 inches long. It his cheek pouches, with a beard on the chin and cheeks, and callofities on the buttocks; it is a beautiful figure, of a brownish green colour; with the tip of the nofe, cars, and foles of the feet black. The fpecies are gende and playful. There is a variety which differs only in being ad black.

1

22. SIMIA CERCOP. VETER, the lowando, has a long tail and is bearded; the body and limbs are white; the beard black. This animal has all the characters of a baboon in figure and difpofitions. It is fo wild and ferocious, that it must be kept in iron cage. It is from 3 to 34 feet high; the ail is 8 inches long: it has cheek pouches and callofities on the buttocks; ies tulks are larger and onger than in man; the muzzle is thick and trong; the head is environed with a broad mane and a large black beard; it both walks erect and on all fours. In the woods where they are in a tate of liberty, they are exceedingly wild; and being violently fond of women, a woman would have no chance of refiftance, if meeting one of thèm alone. The females menftruate. Dr Kerr numerates feveral other fpecies and varieties of CERCOPITHECI, but their hiftory is uncertain and unimportant.

23. SIMIA INUUS, the maggot, or Barbary ape, has a long face, not unlike that of a dog; canine teeth, long and ftrong; ears like the human; wails flat buttocks bare; colour of the upper part of the body a dirty greenish brown; belly of a dull bale yellow; grows to above 4 feet in length. (See Fig. 9 and 10. Pl. 313.) They inhabit many parts of India, Arabia, and all parts of Africa, except Egypt. A few are found on the hill of Gibraltar, which breed there; probably from a pair that had Pefcaped from the town, as they are not found in any other part of Spain. They are very ill-natured, mifchievous, and fierce; agreeing with the character of the ancient CYNOCEPHALIA. They are very common in exhibitions. By difcipline they are made to play fome tricks; otherwife they are more dull than the reft of this genus. They

24. i. SIMIA LAR, the great gibbon, or long armed ape, has a flat fwarthy face, furrounded with grey hairs; hair on the body black and rough; buttocks bare; nails on the hands flat; on the feet long; arms of a moft difproportioned length, reaching quite to the ground when the animal is erect, its natural pofture, They inhabit India, Malacca, and the Molucca ifles; are mild and gentle; grow to the height of 4 feet, fumetimes as tall as a man. The great black ape of Mangli, in China, feems to be of this kind. This fpecies (lays Mr Kerr) is impatient of cold and rain; and approaches nearer to the manners of mankind than even the Orang-Outang, being more inclined to the erect pofture. The female has the catame-" ma. See Fig. 11.

24. ii. SIMIA LAR ARGENTEA, the silvery gibbon, is a variety refembling the great gibbon, except in colour, and it is more elegantly shaped. The body and arms are covered with filvery hairs; the face, ears, crown of the head, and hands are black. It is three feet high when erect. They inhabit the forefts of Devat in Bengal. The late Lord Cirve brought home one of them. They are good-natured and frolickfome.

24. iii. SIMIA LAR MINOR, the lesser gibbon, refembles the great gibbon, but is much lefs, beng only about a foot and a half high; the body and face are of a brown colour. (See Fig. 12.) They inhabit Malacca..

III. SIMI PAPIONES, BABOONS. Thefe hive fhort tails, a long face; a broad high muzzle; longifh dog-like tufks, or canine teeth; and naked callofities on the buttocks. They are only found in the old world, and are the papiones and Kuvextpaxa of the ancients.

25. SIMIA PAPIO APEDIA, the little baboon, has a roundish head, with a projecting muzz:e, and roundish naked ears; the hair on the body is yel low, tipt with black; the face is brown, and almoft naked, having only a few fcattered hairs; the nails are all compresled and oblong, except on the thumbs and great toes, the nails of which refemble man; the tail is very fhart, being hardly an inch long; the body is about the fize of a cat. (See Fig. 13. Pl. 314.) It is uncertain, fays GmeJin, if this animal fhould be confidered as a diftinét fpecies, or only as a variety of the fimia fciurea.

26. SIMIA PAPIO CINEREA, the cinereous baboon, is about 2 feet high, and has a dutky face with a pale brown beard; the body and limbs are of a cinereous brown; and the crown of the head is mottled with yellow. Pennant.

27. SIMIA PAPIO CRISTATA, the crested baboon, has very long and difhevelled hair on the head and Uuuuz cheeks.

cheeks. It is about 2 feet high, and the tail 7 inches, taper and flender; the body and limbs are covered with long black hair; the breaft is whitish; the face, hands, and feet, are naked and black. They inhabit Africa.

28. SIMIA PAPIO LIVEA, the blue faced baboon, has a pale brown beard, a bluish face, and 2 very bread, flat, fore-teeth. It is about 3 feet high; has long hairs over its eyes, and a tuft behind each ear.

29. SIMIA PAPIO MAIMON, the mandril, or ribbed nofed baboon, has a fhort tail, and a thin beard on the chin; the cheeks are blue and ftriped, and the buttocks are naked. This fpecies is found on the Gold Coast, and in other fouthern provinces of Africa, where he is called boggo by the negroes, and mandril by the Europeans. Next to the orang-outang, he is the largest of all the apes or baboons. Smith relates, that he had a prefent of a female mandril, which was only fix months old, and that it was as large as an adult baboon. He adds, that these mandrils walk always on 2 feet; that they weep and groan like men; that they have a violent paffion for women, which they never fail to gratify when they find a woman at a diftance from relief. See Fig. 14 and 15.

30. SIMIA PAPIO MORMON, the mantegar, or man tiger, commonly called the tufted ape; but it is improperly named an ape, as it has a tail. It is defcribed in the Philof. Tranf. Abr. N° 290. It had a nofe and head 14 inches in length; the nofe of a deep red, face blue, both naked; black eye. brows; ears like the human; on the top of the head a long upright tuft of hair; on the chin another; two long tufks in the upper jaw; fore feet exactly refembling hands, and the nails on the fingers flat; the fore part of the body, and the infide of the legs and arms naked; the outfide covered with mottled brown and olive hair. Length, from the nofe to the rump, 3 feet 2 inches. (See fig. 16. Pl 314.) It was very fierce and falacious; went on all fours, but would fit up on its rump, and fupport itself with a ftick; in this attitude, it would hold a cup in its hand, and drink out of it. Its food was fruits.

31. SIMIA PAPIO NEMESTRINA, the MAIMON, or pig tailed baboon, with a pointed face, which is naked, of a fwarthy rednefs; two fharp canine teeth; ears like the human; hair on the limbs and body brown inclining to afh.colour, paleft on the belly; fingers black; nails long and flat; thumbs on the hind feet very long, connected to the neareft toe by a broad membrane; tail four inches long, flender, exactly like a pig's, and almoft naked; the bare fpaces on the rump red, and but mall; length, from head to tail, 22 inches. They inhabit the ifles of Sumatra and Japan, and are very docile. In Japan they are taught feveral tricks, and carried about the country by mountebanks. Kempfer was informed by one of these people, that the baboon he had was 102 years old. Mr Kerr fays, " it has cheek pouches, callofities on the buttocks, and a naked curled up tail, 5 or 6 inches long. The male organs are concealed under the skin. When erect, it is from 2 to 24 feet high. The female menftruates. This is a vivacious, gentle, tractable, and

even careffing animal, without any of the immodefty of moft baboons." See Fig. 17. Pl. 314.

32. SIMIA PAPIO PLATYPYGOS, the brosun ba boon, has pointed ears; face of a dirty white; nofe large and broad; hairs round the face fort and straight; colour of the upper part of the body brown; of the under afh-colour; a tail about inches long; taper, and almoft bare of hair; beneath quite naked. Mr Pennant refers the new baboon, defcribed in his firft edition, to th fpecies.

33. SIMIA PAPIA PORCARIA, the Hoggih boon, has a fhort tail, and coloured buttocks; the head is like that of a hog, with a naked face; the body is of an olive brown colour, the m are fharp and compreffed. Inhabits Africa, and is about 3 feet high when standing erect. Tha probably is the fame animal with the hog-faced ape, adopted from Pennant.

34. SIMIA PAPIO SPHINX, the Great Bebo with hazel irides; ears fmall and naked; face nine, and very thick; middle of the face and fore head naked; and of a bright vermilion color, tip of the nofe of the fame, and ending truncated like that of a hog; fides of the nofe broadly ch bed, and of a fine violet hue; the opening of the mouth very fmall; cheeks, throat, and goat beard yellow; hair on the fore-head very g turns back, is black, and forms a kind of point creft. Head, arms, and legs, covered with fret hair, yellow and black intermixed; the bra with long whitifh yellow hairs, the shoulders wa long brown hair. Nails flat; feet and had black; tail four inches long, and very hairy; b tocks bare, red, and filthy; but the space abo them is of a moft elegant purple colour, wh reaches to the infide of the upper part of the thighs. (See Fig. 18. Pl. 314.) This was de fcribed by Mr Pennant from a ftuffed fpecime in Sir Afhton Lever's museum. In Auguft 19 a live animal of this fpecies was fhown at E burgh, and in October following at Che where being feen by Mr Pennant, that inquit naturalift has described it in his Hiftory of Qu rupeds. "It differed little (he obferves) lour from the above, being in general much d ker. Eyes much funk in the head, and in On the internal fide of each ear was a white pointing upwards. The hair on the forel turned up like a toupee. Fect black; in ot refpects refembled the former. In this I had opportunity of examining the teeth. The cutt teeth were like thofe of the reft of the ge but, in the upper and lower jaw, were two nine, or rather tufks, near three inches long, exceedingly fharp and pointed. This animal wa five feet high, of a moft tremendous firength all its parts; was exceffively fierce, libidin...... and frong." Mr Kerr confirms this acce and adds, that they are very apt to offer violet to women. Mr Schreber fays, that this pe lives on fucculent fruits, and on nuts; is fond of eggs, and will put 8 at once into pouches, and, taking them out one by one, break them at the end, and fwallow the yolk white; rejects all flesh meat, unlefs it be dre would drink quantities of wine or brandy;

lefs agile than other baboons; very cleanly; for it would fling its excrements out of its hut. That which was fhown at Chester was particularly fond of cheefe. Its voice was a kind of roar, not unlike that of a lion, but low and fomewhat inward. It went upon all fours, and never flood on its hind legs, unlefs forced by the keeper; but would frequently fit on its rump in a crouching manner, and drop its arms before the belly. They inhabit the hotter parts of Africa.

35. SIMIA PAPIO SYLVATICA, or, as Mr Kerr has it, SYLVICOLA, the Wood Baboon; has a long dog-like face, covered with a fmall gloffy black fkin; hands and feet naked, and black like the face; hair on all parts long, elegantly mottled with black and tawny; nails white: is about 3 feet high when erect; tail not 3 inches, and very hairy on the upper top. Inhabits Guinea, where it is called by the English the man of the woods. See Fig. 19. Pl. 314.

36. SIMIA PAPIO VARIEGATA, the Yellow Baboon, is of a bright yellow colour, variegated with black. It ftrongly refembles the Wood Baboon (N° 35.) except in fize, and in having hairy hands. The face is long, black, and naked; the ears are hid in the fur. It is 2 feet high.

IV. SIMIE SAGOINI, SAGOINS; thefe have long tails, which are proportionally longer than thofe of the fapajous, ftraight, flaccid, entirely covered with hair, and not prehenfile; that is, incapable of laying hold of any object: the cheeks have no pouches; and the buttock, which are covered with hair, have no callofities: the partition between the noftrils is very thick, and the apertures are placed on the fides of the nofe. The females do not menftruate. This race of animals is only found in America. There are 6 fpecies.

37. SIMIA SAGOINUS ARGENTEUS, or ARGENTATUS, the mico, or fair monkey, with a fmall round head: face and ears of the moft lively ver milion colour; body covered with most beautiful long hairs of bright and filvery whitenefs, of matchlefs elegance: tail of a fhining dark chef nut; head and body 8 inches long, tail 12. They inhabit the banks of the Amazons; and were difcovered by M. de Condamine.

38, 1. SIMIA SAGOINUS JACCHUS, the fanglin, or ftriated monkey, with a very round head; about the ears two very long full tufts of white hairs ftanding out on each fide; irides reddish; face a fwarthy flesh colour; ears like the human; head black; body afh-coloured, reddish, and dusky; the last forms ftriated bars cross the body; tail full of hair, annulated with afh-colour and black; body 7 inches long; tail near 11; hands and feet covered with fhort hairs; fingers like thofe of a fquirrel; nails, or rather claws, fharp. (See Fig. 20. Pl. 315.) They inhabit Brafil: feed on vegetables; will alfo eat fifh; make a weak noise; are very restlefs, and are often brought over to Europe.

38. ii. SIMIA SAGOINUS JACCHUS MOSCHATUS, the yellowish fanglin, is a variety, of a whitish yellow colour, Imelling ftrongly of mufk. It alfo inhabits Brafil.

39. SIMIA SAGOINUS MIDAS, the TAMARIN, or great-eared monkey with a round head, fwarthy, flesh-coloured, naked face; upper lip a little

divided; ears very large, erect, naked, and almoft fquare; hair on the forehead upright and long; on the body foft, but fhaggy; the head, whole body, and upper part of the limbs, black, except the lower part of the back, which is tinged with yellow; hands and feet covered with orange coloured hairs, very fine and fmooth; nails long and crooked; tail black, and twice the length of the body; teeth very white. (See Fig. 21. Pl. 315.) It is of the fize of a fquirrel. It inhabits the hotter parts of S. America, and the ifle of Gorgona, S. of Panama, in the South Sea.

40. SIMIA SAGOINUS OEDIPUS, the Pinche, or red tailed monkey, is beardlefs; has a flowing head of hair, which hangs down on each fide; a red tail and fharp claws. It has neither cheek-pouches nor callofities on the buttocks. His tail is not prehenfile, and is more than twice the length of the head and body. The partition of the noftrils is thick, and the apertures are placed at a fide. The face, throat, and ears are black; on the head are long white hairs. The muzzle is broad, and the face round. The hair on the body is pretty long; of a yellowish brown, or reddish colour till near the tail, where it becomes orange; on the breaft, belly, hands, and feet, it is white, and thorter than on the body. The tail from the origin to one half of its length, is a vivid red, then brownish red, and toward the point it is black. He is about 9 inches long, and walks on four feet. (See Fig. 22. Pl. 315.) The females are not subject to the menftrual evacuation.

41. SIMIA SAGOINUS PITHECIA, the faki, or fox tailed monkey, with a fwarthy face, covered with fhort white down, forehead and fides of the face with whitish and pretty long hair; body with long dufky brown hairs, white or yellowish. at their tips; hair on the tail very long and bushy; fometimes black, fometimes reddish; belly and lower part of the limbs a reddish white; length from nofe to tail near a foot and a half; tail longer, and like that of a fox; hands and feet black, with claws inftead of nails. They inhabit Guiana.

42. SIMIA SAGOINUS ROSALIUS, the marikina, or filky monkey, is beardlefs; has a very hairy head; the circumference of the face and the feet are red; and the claws are sharp and narrow. (See Fig. 23. Pl. 315.) A brifk animal, lefs impatient of cold than the reft of this race; the body is of a yellowish white colour; the nails on the thumbs and great toes are rounded; the ears are naked, but are hidden beneath the fur: It has a round head, and a brown face, which is furrounded with a kind of mane of a bright red colour; the hair on the body and tail is long, filky, and of a pale but vivid yellow colour, almoft white, with a confiderable tuft at the extremity of the tail. It walks on four feet, and is 8 or 9 inches long, from the muzzle to the rump; and the tail is above 13 inches long. This fpecies has the fame manners and vivacity with the other fagoins, but is more robuft in conftitution, as an individual lived five or fix years in Paris, being kept in a warm room during winter. They inhabit S. America.

V. SIMIE SAPAJI, SAPAJOUS, have no cheekpouches, but long prehenfile tails, which, at the extremity,