The Chemical Gazette, Or, Journal of Practical Chemistry, in All Its Applications to Pharmacy, Arts, and Manufactures, Band 17William Francis, Henry Croft R. and J.E. Taylor, 1859 |
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acetate of lead acetic acid action æther æthyle alcoholic solution aldehyde alkaline ammonia ammonium analysis appears aqueous solution atomic baryta becomes body boiling brown carbonic acid cent cerium chloride cold colouring matter colourless composition compound contains converted cooling copper crystalline crystals cubic centims decomposed decomposition deposited dilute dissolved distilled dried equivs ethyle evaporated excess experiments filtered filtrate fluid formed formula furnishes fused gelatine glycol grms H₂ heated hippuric acid hydrated hydrochloric acid hydrogen insoluble iodide iodine iron latter lime liquid manganese mass mercury metallic mixed mixture murexide muriatic acid neutral nitrate nitric acid nitrogen numbers obtained odour oxalic acid oxide oxygen perchloride phosphoric acid phosphorus platinum portion potash potassium powder precipitate prepared produced protochloride protoxide pure reaction readily residue resin salt separated silver small quantity soda sodium solu substance sulphate sulphuric acid tannine temperature tion tube vapour washed water-bath whilst yellow zinc
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Seite 168 - The carbon left is more than usually compact and hard; and such coals as ordinarily produce much water, when they form heavy hydrocarbons, afford less than half the usual amount, when thus decomposed, under the influence of the constant presence of an atmosphere of permanent gases. In following the observations at the earlier stage, it was found that the size of the eduction-tube leading the gas from the hotter part of the mass of coal undergoing changes, exerted a most marked effect on the composition...
Seite 75 - ... it falls to the bottom in the form of small granules. This granulated cast iron is mixed with pulverized oxide of iron and some alkaline earths, and the whole put into the ordinary steel-melting crucibles, and placed in the furnaces, and brought into a fluid state. The degree of hardness of the steel is thus capable of being regulated by the size of the granules, and by the quantity of oxides used. The chemical change which takes place in the...
Seite 168 - ... of water, and ammoniacal salts, while carbon remains as a fixed product. If we substitute, for the ordinary forms of apparatus used in decomposing coal by heat suddenly applied, any modification of form which compels the gas, as it forms, to escape from the more highly heated part of the mass of coal through a small opening, or, better, a small eduction-pipe, the heavy hydrocarbons do not form part ol the products which escape.
Seite 75 - By increasing the heat, the cast iron centre portion of the granule first becomes fluid, and the granule bursts and falls by its own weight to the bottom of the crucible. At the same time the earths mixed with the ores melt and rise to the top, forming a layer of scoria or dross floating on the surface of the melted iron. Each granule of...
Seite 75 - ... scoria or dross floating on the surface of the melted iron. Each granule of melted metal has therefore in falling to pass through the rising scoria ; and it is in the passing through that the combination of the impurities of the metal with the alkaline earths takes place, so that the decarbonized iron on reaching the bottom of the crucible is cleansed from all impurities. The heat continuing to increase melts the outside portions of the granules, and the whole is reduced to one homogeneous fluid...
Seite 167 - A further decomposition of the fluid products, condensed from either or both of these modes of operating, takes place when we again subject them to the influence of heat ; and this well-known fact is the basis on which improvements in the manufacture of illuminating gas have been founded, — a secondary destruction of vapours being effected in appropriate apparatus, heated to a high temperature. This character, which all the bituminous coals exhibit, of passing into carbon nearly free from vapours...
Seite 3 - The acid obtained is readily purified, and gives bright ellow alkaline salts. A number of experiments were made on the old process of decomposing indigo with nitric acid with very various results, probably depending upon the great difference in the composition of commercial indigo. I have seen the ammonia-salt crystallize out clear yellow, and from the mother-water by spontaneous evaporation, a green picrate of ammonia deposited which exactly resembled that above described as obtained by the addition...
Seite 74 - It is evident that this is a very circuitous way of manufacturing cast steel, and it has the following disadvantages: the great loss of weight in manufacturing the cast iron into wrought, the difficulty in converting the wrought iron so as to carbonize it equally in all parts; the great length of time that this process requires for the production of cast steel, and the great cost of manufacture. The German or puddling process is effected by the converse method, by taking away a certain amount of...
Seite 60 - Ibs., or 47 tons. 8j 40 per cent. of such a quantity is over 18 tons. I do not, however, by any means recommend the application of this principle to Ocean steamers, on account of practical difficulties, which I see no way to overcome. But on land the application is a matter of perfect simplicity. It is only necessary to have the tanks from which the boiler is supplied, larger, and to have more of them. While the process of mixture and agitation with the carbonate, and precipitation by standing, is...
Seite 60 - Epsom salts ; for, as I have there stated, carbonate of baryta totally precipitates gypsum from its solution, even in the cold; and I have there proposed it as a means of removing the gypsum from spring or...