from the common centre of the moral universe, and causes all the various and apparently intricate revolutions of human society to cooperate in one systematic arrangement, which manifests the perfection of the divine attributes. Armagh, November, 11, 1819. VOL. III. Lecture XXV. Of the history of Commerce from the suppression of the western empire Lecture XXVI. Of the history of Learning, from the suppression of the western empire Lecture XXVII. Of the history of France, from the first meeting of the States Gene- 99 142 193 Lecture XXVIII. Of the history of Eng- land, from the beginning of the reign of Edward II. in the year 1307, to that of the reign of Henry IV. in the year 1399. 368 Lecture XXX. Of the history of Italy and Sicily from the year 1308, to the com- LECTURES ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF MODERN HISTORY. LECTURE XXII. Of the history of Chivalry. THE preceding lectures have comprehended a survey of the dispositions of the principal governments of Europe to the formation of a political system, so far as they were manifested before the commencement of the fourteenth century. The philosophical consideration of history would however be extremely imperfect, if it were limited to an examination of the several governments, and should not also include an investigation of those general causes, which have operated with a common, though necessarily a varying influence, on the entire combination. While the principal states of the |