The Rise of the Fiscal State in Europe c.1200-1815Richard Bonney Clarendon Press, 02.09.1999 - 540 Seiten In this volume an international team of scholars builds up a comprehensive analysis of the fiscal history of Europe over six centuries. It forms a fundamental starting-point for an understanding of the distinctiveness of the emerging European states, and highlights the issue of fiscal power as an essential prerequisite for the development of the modern state. The study underlines the importance of technical developments by the state, its capacity to innovate, and, however imperfect the techniques, the greater detail and sophistication of accounting practice towards the end of the period. New taxes had been developed, new wealth had been tapped, new mechanisms of enforcement had been established. In general, these developments were made in western Europe; the lack of progress in some fiscal systems, especially those in eastern Europe, is an issue of historical importance in its own right and lends particular significance to the chapters on Poland and Russia. By the eighteenth century `mountains of debt' and high debt-revenue ratios had become the norm in western Europe, yet in the east only Russia was able to adapt to the western model by 1815. The capacity of governments to borrow, and the interaction of the constraints on borrowing and the power to tax had become the real test of the fiscal powers of the `modern state' by 1800-15. |
Inhalt
England in the Middle Ages | 19 |
England 14851815 | 53 |
France in the Middle Ages | 103 |
France 14941815 | 125 |
Castile in the Middle Ages | 177 |
Castile 15041808 | 203 |
The Holy Roman Empire in the Middle Ages | 243 |
The Low Countries in the Middle Ages | 281 |
The Swiss Confederation | 327 |
The Papacy and the Papal States | 359 |
Venice | 381 |
The Italian States in the Early Modern Period | 417 |
PolandLithuania before Partition | 443 |
Russia 12001815 | 481 |
List of Contributors | 507 |
The United Provinces 15791806 | 309 |
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Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
accounts administration aids alcabalas ancien régime annual army assessment Blockmans Burgundian Cambridge Castile cent central Charles cities clergy collected Cortes costs crown customs duties direct taxes domain ducats Economic History eighteenth century England English ESFDB ESFDB 1997 FIG estates excise expenditure extraordinary farming fifteenth century figures fiscal burden fiscal system Flanders florins France French Henry Hocquet Holland Ibid Imperial important income increase indirect Jahrhundert king king's kingdom kwarta Ladero Quesada land tax levied Lithuania livres tournois loans London Louis Lucerne maravedís medieval military million ducats modern monarchy nobility offices ordinary revenues Ormrod Oxford paid Papal Paris payments period Philip Poland political poll tax princes provinces public debt receipts reform reign repartition republics Sejm servicios seventeenth century siècle silver sixteenth subsidies Swiss tax farming taxation Terraferma territories tion total revenue towns trade Treasury Tudor urban Venetian Venice wealth yield Zeeland złotys
Beliebte Passagen
Seite 4 - ... to say, in short, that not even by convention can any limitation be made to the power of that body in a state which in other respects is supreme, would be saying, I take it, rather too much: it would be saying that there is no such thing as government in the German Empire; nor in the Dutch Provinces; nor in the Swiss Cantons; nor was of old in the Achaean league.
Seite 9 - War drove the European network of national states, and preparation for war created the internal structures of states within it...
Seite 3 - These writers do distinguish, of course, between the apparatus of government and the authority of those who may happen to have control of it at any one time.