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BEVERLY WHITING (12 S. viii. 11). Beverly Whiting was admitted to the Middle Temple on Sept. 8, 1722, as the son and heir of Henry Whiting (American Historical Review, vol. xxv. p. 683). He afterwards became the godfather of George Washington (Howe's Historical Collections of Virginia, p. 509). Further particulars about him and his family may be found in a 'Memoir of Rev. Samuel Whiting, D.D., and his wife Elizabeth St. John,' by William Whiting, former President of N. E. Hist. Geneal. Society, Boston, 1871.

C. E. A. Bedwell. Middle Temple Library, E.C.

CHRISTIAN WEGERSLOFF (12 S. vii. 231). A man bearing these names, doubtless the father of the Westminster boy, petitioned for naturalization in the 12th of Will. III.; he had then been living for seventeen years in London and the suburbs; see Huguenot Society Publications, vol. xviii, p. 300.

J. B. WHITMORE.

used again twenty years later by John
Camden Hotten in Napoleon III. from the
Popular Caricatures of the last Thirty Years.'
F. H. C.

LIBRARIES:

PUBLIC AND PRIVATE (12 S. viii. 8, 34).
REPRESENTATIVE COUNTY
The Public Library of Newcastle-on-Tyne
and the Library of the Lit. and Phil. of
Newcastle, are pretty good for local works
(but not perfect). Two splendid libraries
of local works (of the late M. Mackey and th
late R. Welford) have recently been dis-
persed. Sunderland Public Library is fairly
good for Sunderland printed works, and
Darlington Public Library for works relating
to that town. Probably the best private
Durham library is that of Mr. J. W. Fawcett
of Consett (one of your correspondents)
which in 1915 numbered over 15,000 printed
volumes of which some 5,000 were local
(North country) works. Besides these it
had over 10,000 charters, deeds, &c. (copies
and originals) relating to Durham, North-
umberland, &c. BESSIE GREENWELL.

Newcastle-on-Tyne.

JOHN HUGHES OF LIVERPOOL, 1706 (12 S. viii. 12). Presumably the transcript "in Mason's characters refers to the shorthand of William Mason, the famous stenographer (see 'D.N.B.). Little light can be thrown and 1708 "Mr. John Hughes on the identity of John Hughes. In 1705 had a sugar warehouse in John Street and a house in Lord Street, Liverpool. In 1727 one of the name was Mayor. In 1719 J. H., mariner, was overseer of the poor; in 1726 sidesman and in 1727 churchwarden, of the Parish Church. Possibly this was the transcriber. his will was proved at Chester, 1739, and he may have been a son of Moses Hughes, of Water Street, buried at St. Nicholas' Church, Jan. 27, 1712, will proved at Chester, 1713.

If so,

R. S. B.

HAMBLEY HOUSE, STREATHAM (12 S' viii. 11). In the early years of the nineteenth century Streatham possessed a numRides and Walks,' published 1817, says :— ber of schools. J. Hassell in Picturesque

LOUIS NAPOLEON: POETICAL WORKS (12 S vii. 490; viii. 14).-The David Bogue publication is not a "translation of a selection " of the occasional sonnets, songs, and epigrams of Louis Napoleon. It is a political skit directed against the Prince, who at the time of its publication was in the transition stage from President to Emperor. David Bogue's name on the title-page is followed by the announcement that the book "may be had of all French booksellers who have a weakness for Cayenne," and the "preface salubrious and healthful and being a pleasant "The air of Streatham is considered very by the translator " quotes a decree of the and convenient distance from London, is parPrince President "done at the Elysée, this ticularly desirable for the placing of children 1st of April." The full title is The Poetic and advantageous for seeing them, being only an Works of Louis Napoleon now first done hour's ride from the bridges. There are coaches into plain English.' There are ninety-five to this village three times a day. Fares inside 28. 6d. ; outside 18. 6d. The stages go from small woodcut illustrations, the source Gracechurch Street and the Ship, Charing Cross. of which is not stated. Most of these were There are also the Croydon and Brighton coaches

which pass through the village every hour in the day from the Elephant and Castle, Newington Butts....The academies of Streatham and its vicinage have long been reputed as first-class seminaries, and some of them occupy situations of great beauty."

Hambley House Academy was situated on the High Road facing the west side of Streatham Common occupying the land between the present No. 412 and Barrow Road. RORY FLETCHER.

MODE OF CONCLUDING LETTERS (2 S. x. 326, 376, 434, 501). The following examples, from Parr's 'Life of Usher,' 1686, cover a period of almost half-a-century :— OσÓTATOS, Jac. Usserius, 1607, 1611.

Ever at your service, Edward Warren, 1610. Wishing unto you as unto mine own self, James Usher, 1611.

Yours as his own, Thomas Lydiat, 1611.

Yours in all Christian Affection, James Usher, 1613.

Yours ever to his Power in the Lord, H. Briggs, 1615.

Yours very loving in the Lord, Tobias Eboracensis, 1616.

Yours to be commanded in all Christian Duties,
Thomas Lydyat, 1616, 1617.

Yours in Christ, William Crashaw, 1617(?).
Your poor Friend, Edward Warren, 1617.
Your assured loving Friend, Samuel Ward, 1613.
Your truly affectionate and faithful Friend,
Henry Bourgchier, 1617.

Your true affectionate Friend, while I am Henry
Bourgchier, 1617.

Your most assured loving Friend and Brother, James Usher, 1617, 1619.

Your most loving and firm Friend, Id., 1618. Your true and devoted Friend, William Camden,

1618.

Your unfeigned Well-willer, Alexander Cook, 1614.
To Usher when Bishop of Meath.
Your Lordships to be commanded in the Lord,

Thomas Gataker, 1621.

Y. L. most affectionate to love and serve you, William Boswel, 1621 (from Westminster Colledge).

Y. L. to be commanded [Sir] Henry Spelman, 1621. Y. L. humble Servant, J. Selden, 1621.

Y. L. constant and assured and to be ever commanded [Sir] Robert Cotton, 1622 (New Exchange).

Y. . in all service, Samuel Ward, 1622.
Y. L. in all duty, Thomas James, 1623.
Y. L. in all observance, Samuel Ward, 1624, 1625.
Y. L. in all practice, Id., 1624 (Much-mondon and
Cambridge).

Y. L. humble Servant to his Power, Abraham
Wheelock, 1625 (Clare-Hall).

To Usher when Archbishop of Armagh. Your Grace's in all Duty, Thomas James, 1625. Your Lordships in what he may, Samuel Ward, 1625.

Earnestly desirous to be directed by your Lord

ship, or confirmed in the Truth, John Cotton, 1626. (This letter was written from Boston in Lincolnshire; and seven years later the writer

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ORDERS AND ORDINANCES OF THE HOSPITALS (12 S. viii. 5).-A good example of the 1552 edition, produced by Rycharde Grafton, abides in the Guildhail Library. It is some years since I handled it, but speaking from memory it is distinctly an The size is small octavo, signatures A1 to J8 original impression rather than a reprint. in eights, unpaged, black letter. Likely places in which to find other issues, or reprints, would be the Bishopsgate Institute

and St. Bride's Institute. The very limited demand will explain the small number printed, and great rarity of these early official publications.

One of the surest clues as to precise age lies in the paper (and watermarks, if any). Both paper and press-work in Pepys's time had begun their downward grade. It will be noticed, by close observation, that paper, used for official city publications, in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, if not specially white in tone, was of good honest rag substance, with ample tub size. Hence the longevity of exemplars. For instance, compare other issues of the kind, to be found at the Guildhall :

"Decree for tythes to bee payed. Iohn Wolfe, 1596." 8vo. Black letter.

"General matters, 1600." 8vo. Black letter. "Order of my Lord Maior, Alderman and Sheriffes for meetinges and....apparel throughout the yere. Iohn Windet, 1604." 8vo. Black letter. "Lawes of the market.

Wm Jaggard, 1620."

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There is a reason for the conformity of quality which marks these books. The enviable and much-sought office of official printer to the city was given only to workmen of established reputation. Before appointment they undertook to produce good work at a fair price. W. JAGGARD, Capt.

Entertainer for Cornwall and Devon, or the
Agreeable and Instructive Repository (1782-
1815), and Weekly Entertainer and West of
England Miscellany (1816).

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Goadby himself died in 1778 (see G. C. Boase, Collectanea Cornubiensia,' col. 1429) and a memoir of him appeared (so it is stated at 8 S. i. 393) in the issue of Jan. 3, I possess a copy of this scarce work in 1820. Goadky's wife (d. 1798) may have its original binding (whole leather) in edited the paper as she seems to have been excellent condition with a preface signed, a person of some literary ability, if it be Goodfellows, which belonged to my grand-true that she wrote the life of Bampfylde father, Ralph Price, Treasurer of Bridewell Moore Carew, King of the Beggars. Some Hospital in 1836. In the beginning is think, however, that it was Goadby who was written, very scarce. the author of the book (see Western Antiquary, vol. vii. p. 86; see also 'The Gypsy Bibliography,' published by the Gypsy Lore Society in 1914, and at 2 S. iii. 4; iv. 330,

66

Essex Lodge, Ewell.

LEONARD C. PRICE.

'LIFE IN BOMBAYʼ (12 S. viii. 29).—Has been attributed to James Gray; possibly a son of James Gray, poet and linguist, who died in India in 1830, where, says The Dictionary of National Biography,' his family mostly settled-and also to a Miss Cormack. The lithographs in the book are from drawings by the author. Do these bear any name (or initials) other than that of the lithographers? R. B.

LONDON POSTMARKS (12 S. vii. 290, 365; viii. 18, 34). One of the most objectionable of these, perhaps, is current at the present time for ship-letters, viz., "London: Paquebot." As the letters are conveyed on English vessels surely the older form "ship letter might be preserved in place of the mixture of languages noted above.

English postmarks, too, are sadly illegible -yet those from abroad (United States or Switzerland, for example) are clearly articulated throughout showing what can be done. R. B.

Upton,

401, 522).

M.

ENGLISH VIEWS BY CANALETTO (12 S. vii. 448).-A few years ago a most interesting collection of paintings of Old London by Canaletto, Scott, and Boydell were sold at Christie's, King Street, St. James's Square. Many of these were purchased by the late Mr. Henry Andrade Harben, a good and enthusiastic London collector, son of the late Sir Henry Harben, first Mayor of Hampstead.

Mr. Harben bequeathed a number of these to the London County Council, of which body he had been a member. Some of them were hung in various parts of the Council's offices at Spring Gardens and I think I recollect one of old Westminster Bridge being among them.

I hope this information may be useful to MRS. HILDA F. FINBERG, and that it may be worth investigating further.

E. E. NEWTON.

Hampstead, Upminster, Essex.

CHARTULARIES (12 S. vii. 330, 414).-Gross(Sources and literature of English History from the earliest times to about 1485,' London, 2nd edn., 1915) gives a lot of information with regard to these, both published and unpublished. The manuscript index volumes in the Manuscript Room at the British Museum are specially arranged under this heading and are drawn up with admirable clearness. I would recommend Dr. Rowe to make friends with the authorities there.

THE WESTERN MISCELLANY,' 1775 AND 1776 (12 S. viii. 11).—Goadby's publication circulated in several counties in the West of England (see Western Antiquary, iii. 50), and would seem to have borne different titles in different districts. 'The Tercentenary Hand-List of Newspapers' refers to it as The Weekly Miscellany, and mentions vols. i.-v., vii.-xix. (1773–83), and again as The Weekly Entertainer; or Agreeable and Instructive Repository, &c., and mentions The Beaulieu Chartulary is in the possesvol. iii., &c., 1784-1818, and N.S. 1823-25. | sion of the Duke of Portland; a MS. tranW. S. B. H. finds it called The Western script by Harbin (eighteenth century), Miscellany, while other titles are Weekly collated with the original in 1831 by Sir

Frederick Madden, is at the British Museum THE GLOMERY (12 S. viii. 29).-The late (Harl. 6603). It has never been published. A. F. Leach in The Schools of Medieval For Montacute see Somerset Record England,' speaking of Cambridge in 1276, Society's publications. A query addressed says:to the Editor of Somerset and Dorset Notes and Queries (Witham Frary, Bath) would be sure to be answered.

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It is certainly high time that a "bibliography of existing monastic records was compiled. Will not Dr. Rowe himself fill the gap? If our provincial archæological societies would undertake bibliographical work of this kind they would be fulfilling a useful purpose. What is needed to-day is not the piling up of raw material but the making accessible of what already exists unknown to students. This can only be done through the bibliographies and indices geographically arranged.

O. G. S. CRAWFORD.
Hon. Sec., Congress of Archæological
Societies.

KENSINGTON GRAVEL AT VERSAILLES (12 S. viii. 30).—MR. LANDFEAR LUCAS will find copious references to the Kensington gravel pits in vol. v. of Walford's 'Old and New London,' at pp. 178 et seq.

WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK.

One of the largest of the Kensington gravel pits, was near Church Street, Kennow covered by sington. The site is Sheffield, Vicarage, Berkley, Inverness, Brunswick and Courtland Gardens. Another is marked on Rocque's map, 1754, a little north of Kensington Palace, and in the same, the part of Notting Hill, High Street, where it is joined by Church Street, is marked "Gravel Pits." I have, many years ago, seen letters for the neighbourhood of Campden House, addressed "Kensington Gravel Pits." Pepvs ('Diary, June 4, 1666) refers to "walking through the Park and seeing hundreds of people listening at the Gravel Pits " to the sound of the guns of the fleet during the sea- fight

with De Ruvter.

!W. H. WHITEAR, F.R.Hist.S.

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Lewis's Topographical Dictionary,' 1835, states that what it calls the "6 village" of Kensington was "amply supplied with water by the West Middlesex Company, who have a spacious reservoir at Kensing. ton Gravel Pits, elevated more than 120 feet above the level of the Thames."

"As between the grammar school master and the chancellor and archdeacon, the decision was that the master of glomery, as-by a curious corruption of the word grammar he was calledhad the jurisdiction in all suits in which the glomericules (glomerelli), or grammar school boys, were defendants" (p. 157).

And the accounts of the Merton College Grammar School (beginning 1277)::-"show that instead of the term Magister Glomeriæ being, as stated by Dr. Rashdall in his History 'wholly peculiar Cambridge of Universities,' a The fact is institution,' it was in use at Oxford. that the word " glomery " is merely a familiar corruption of the word grammar,' and was in use not only at Oxford and Cambridge, but at Orleans and Salisbury and no doubt elsewhere; the word glomerelli,' for small grammar boys, being found at Bury St. Edmunds " (pp. 171-2).

On p. 180, Mr. Leach, speaking of fourteenth-century Oxford, says :—

"These superintending masters [two M.A.s yearly elected to superintend the grammar schools] correspond to the Master of Glomery at Cambridge, a term in use there as late as 1540. There being only one at Cambridge, instead of two as at Oxford, points to a less number of grammar schools and schoolmasters."

A. R. BAYLEY.

For a brief account of the office and function of the Master of the Glomery in Cambridge University, the following from Mr. R. S. Rait's Life in the Medieval University' may be of service to R. B.:

"The degrees which Oxford and Cambridge conferred in grammar did not involve residence or entitle the recipients to a vote in Convocation, but the conferment was accompanied by ceremonies which were almost parodies of the solemn proceedings of graduation or inception in a recognized Faculty, a birch, taking the place of a book, as a symbol of the power and authority entrusted to the master. A sixteenth-century Esquire Bedel of Cambridge left for the benefit of his successors details of the form for enteryng The Father' of the of a master in Gramer.' Faculty of Grammar (at Cambridge the mysterious individual known as the 'Master of Glomery') brought his sons to St. Mary's Church for eight o'clock mass. When mass is done fyrst shall begynne the Acte in Gramer. The Father shall have hys sete made before the Stage for Physyke [one of the platforms erected in the church for doctors of the different faculties, etc.] and shall sytte alofte under the stage for Physyke.

The Proctour shall say. Incepiatis. When the Father hath argyude as shall plese the Proctour, the Bedeyll in Arte shall bring the Master of Gramer to the Vyce-chancelar, delyveryng hym a Palmer wyth a Rodde, whych the

in Gramer and so create hym Master. Then shall the Bedell purvay for every Master in Gramer a shrewde Boy, whom the Master in Gramer shall bete openlye in the Scolys, and the Master in Gramer shall give the Boy a Grote for Hys Labour, and another grote to hym that provydeth and the Palmer, &c. de sigulis. And thus endythe the Acte in that Facultye.'

We know of the existence of similar ceremonies at Oxford. The degree was not a popular one; very few names are mentioned in the University register of either University.

F. A. RUSSELL.

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116 Arran Road, Catford, S.E.6. "TO OUTRUN THE CONSTABLE (12 S. viii. 29).—This expression doubtless owes its origin to Smollett who in 'Roderick Random says:

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"Harkee, my girl, how far have you overrun the Constable ? I told him that the debt amounted to eleven pounds."

WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK.

It appears from the New English Dictionary" that this phrase, with the meaning of spending more money than one has, was used much earlier than Stevenson and Besant. Brewster in his 'Dictionary of Phrase and Fable' explains the phrase by saying, "The constable arrests debtors and of course represents the creditor; wherefore to overrun the constable is to overrun your credit account. G. F. R. B.

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To overdraw one's banking account, or spend without caution. This is the usual meaning, and though Shakespeare did not use the proverb, a phrase in 'Macbeth' illustrates it: "To outrun the pauser, reason." There is another possible meaning of the saying, whereby in outrunning the policeman you could secure safety, instead of losing it. Old Bell Yard, Fleet Street, at one time, had nearly two scores of taverns, each with 8 "bolt-hole " at the rear. Some of the drinkers there, up to the eyes in debt, at a given warning, drinking-vessels in hand, would sally forth down the back yards, and so beyond the jurisdiction of Fleet Prison bailiffs, ever on the prowl for victims.

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In Scotland constable is the name of a very large tumbler or glass goblet, out of which a guest is compelled to drink should he fail to consume less than the average drink of the assembled company. At the "Radish feast on May 12, celebrated at Levens Hall, near Kendal, each visitor stands on one leg only, gives the toast: "Luck to Levens as long as the Kent flows, and then drains the large glass "constable (see at 5 S. viii. 248).

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If he requires the constable" recharged, the chances are he won't repeat the feat on one leg, in which case he would "outrun the constable." W. JAGGARD, Capt.

MATTHEW PARIS (12 S. viii. 28).-The passage asked for is in the 'Chronica Majora,' under the year 1243, on pp. 279, 280, vol iv. of Dr. H. R. Luard's Edition in the Rolls series. The occasion is a controversy between the Dominicans and Franciscans.

"Et quod terribile est, et in triste praesagium, per trecentos annos, vel quadringentos, vel amplius, ordo Monasticus tam festinanter non cepit praecipitium, sicut eorum ordo, quorum fratres, jam vix transactis viginti quatuor annis, primas in Anglia construxere mansiones, quarum Hi jam sunt, qui in sumptuosis et diatim ampliatis aedificia jam in regales surgunt altitudines. aedificiis, et celsis muralibus, thesauros exponunt impreciabiles, paupertatis limites et basim suae professionis, juxta prophetiam Hyldegardis Alemanniae, impudenter transgredientes."

On comparing this with the English version that was quoted it will be seen that "hardly forty," ought to be "hardly twentyfour," and that the Latin adverb qualifying the last word of the extract is not impru denter, but impudenter.

Dr. Luard notes that this passage, with what follows about the extortions of the friars from the dying, has been erased in the original MS. at Corpus Christi College, from the Cottonian copy. Cambridge, and that his text is here supplied

EDWARD BENSLY.

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