group of the French quartette the lawyer 'ALBUM AMICORUM' OF WANDERING is introduced with a cynical utterance. SCHOLARS (12 S. ix. 309). An interesting He is figured as flourishing a bag of money. article on these alba will be found in Much more high-minded is the English con- Archæologia, vol. lxii., pp. 251-308, by ception of the character. the late Mr. Max Rosenheim, who describes Such assemblages of typical characters 20 volumes from his own collection and seem to be still popular in France. Quite 22 of the 400 or so volumes preserved in recently there reached me a modern coloured cartoon presenting an array of seven persons. It had the title of : Les différentes positions sociales de l'homme. These seven personages and their verses are as follow: Le Prêtre : J'éclaire les âmes qui doutent Le Ciel est à ceux qui m'écoutent. Le Médecin : Je combats toute maladie Et vous assure longue vie. Le Maître d'Ecole : J'ai soin de votre adolescence Vous enseignant vertu, science. Le Marchand : Riches ou pauvres, trouverez Chez moi, ce que vous désirez. Le Soldat: Je te défends, chère Patrie, Qui méprise le travailleur Le Paysan: Le Bon Dieu fasse à son plaisir, Tous les six je dois vous nourrir. The only figure in this group that excites remark is the schoolmaster, who, from a blackboard whereon are written the letters of the alphabet, is teaching the A B C to a child who, from his stature and dress, ought certainly to be able to read. The modern cartoon finds place for three of the figures displayed in the almanac of 1820: the priest, the soldier, and the farmer. Four entirely new characters are introduced -the doctor, the schoolmaster, the merchant and the artisan. The Law is unrepresented. Neither the English advocate nor the unamiable French attorney having been invited to become members of this society. K. S. NELSON'S SIGNALMAN AT TRAFALGAR (12 S. ix. 301). In the United Service Museum, Whitehall, is an exhibit (173) :— Photograph of Pensioner Roon (not Room) who hoisted Lord Nelson's famous signal at the Battle of Trafalgar. The photograph was taken in 1858 when Roon was over 80 years of age. He was then a patient of the donor at Greenwich Hospital. Given by Inspector General F. W. Davis, R.N. Torquay. S. PONDER. the British Museum. In the Notes on Sales' in The Times Literary Supplement for Aug. 29, 1918, a detailed account is given of the Album of Capt. Francis Segar, and several letters appeared in the same journal on Sept. 8, 1918, describing other volumes. Illustrations from the 'Stammbuch' (1578-83) of Gregory Amman at Cassel, showing the passenger boat plying between Venice and Padua, and from the volume in the Egerton MSS. 1191 at the British Museum showing Venetian mountebanks, are given in Bates's 'Touring in 1600,' while a fine album of the seventeenth century with illustrations is described in Maggs Brothers' Catalogue No. 395 of 1920. The Stammbuch' of Thos. Platter the younger, who visited London in the late sixteenth century (now at Basle) is referred to with a brief extract in The Cornhill Magazine for August, 1920, article Three Foreigners in London.' MALCOLM LETTS. It would, I think, interest MR. P. J. ANDERSON, in connexion with his interesting reference to two Scotch Alba Amicorum,' to refer to the very interesting communication made to the Society of Antiquaries of London by Mr. Max Rosenheim, Dec., 1909. No fewer than 42 such albums are there This appears in Archaeologia, vol. Ixii. described with detail. ARTHUR DU CANE. SIR RICHARD BROWN, BART. (12 S. ix. 310). -There have been a good many baronets of the name of Richard Brown. The man after whom COL. LESLIE inquires was third baronet of Depden, Co. Essex, who was born about 1656, admitted to Lincoln's Inn May 12, 1670 (one of these dates must be wrong). He married, Sept. 13, 1688, Dorothy, widow of Michael Blackett of Newcastle, daughter of William Barnes, who after Brown's death married, as his second wife, John Moore, D.D., Bishop of Ely. Brown was killed in Flanders, 1689, by Col. Billingsley (G.E.C. 'Baronetage,' iii. 92). His grandfather, the first baronet, was Lord Mayor of London 1660-1, and created a baronet July 22, 1660. baronetcy became extinct, or possibly only The dormant " (G.E.C.) in 1739. The last phrase 'RUDDIGORE' (12 S. ix. 291). In the second act of 'Ruddigore,' after the ghosts of the Murgatroyds have returned to their frames, leaving Robin Oakapple overcome by emotion, his faithful servant, Adam Goodheart, enters, and the following dialogue ensues: Adam. My poor master, you are not wellRobin. Gideon Crawle, it won't do I've seen 'em all my ancestors-they're just gone. They say that I must do something desperate at once, or perish in horrible agonies. then curator, Viscount Dillon, told me that at the time of Anne's execution she asked one of those attending upon her to point out the headsman; this showing that he did not always wear a particular dress at this period. I forget whether he told me as to a sword or axe being used. In the past, I have seen some very good historical film pictures abroad, and when English history is in question, certain details were not always correct. The same may be the case now. In a fine French film portraying certain incidents in the life of Queen Elizabeth, in which the "Divine Sara represented the Queen, the Royal Arms of England were very incorrect. HERBERT SOUTHAM. This is the only mention I can find in the libretto of Gideon Crawle (not Crawl), and I am consequently at a loss to underI am in possession of a very old manustand on what G. M. bases his theory script entitled An Epistle concerning the that He seems from the allusion to have Criminal Process made against the Queen By Carles been a man who returned to a life of crime Anne Boullan of England. Almoner to Mons. le Dauphin. Printed at Lyons in the year 1545. Translated from the French by P. L. Buée, Doctor of the College of Sorbonne.' after an interlude of virtue." As to who Gideon was, or whether he ever existed in fact or in fiction, I have failed to discover, and shall await with interest any light other correspondents can throw on the query. WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK. ANNE BOLEYN'S EXECUTION (12 S. ix. 311). In an appendix to Paul Friedmann's History of Anne Boleyn' (Macmillan, 1884), the author states that she was 'beheaded with a sword by the executioner of Saint Omer," and he cites as his authority for the statement the Cronica del Rey Henrico Octavo.' The manuscript is without date and is of 43 pages. The following account is given of the execution. After a long speech from the Queen on the scaffold it is stated :— When the Queen had let down her white collar should meet with no obstacle she fell humbly and put off her hood in order that the blow on her knees pronouncing repeatedly these words: "Christ I beseech Thee receive my soul. O grant pity!" One of the Damsels shedding unremitting lamentable duty of her office and veiled her face tears approached her to perform the last and with a linen cloth. Then the Master who was Furthermore, an old guide to the Tower, himself disconsolate and dismayed on account by Mr. A. Harman, describing the execution, of the execution refraining his emotion to fulfil says, "after addressing a few calm words to those around, she laid upon the fatal block her head which the executioner severed from her body with one stroke of his sword." WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK. Some twenty years ago, when I was his duty levelled at her neck the last stroke of a sword by which it was immediately cut through. whom you would have thought almost lifeless The head and body were taken by the ladies from the languor and excessive feebleness they were in. But they feared that their Mistress should be touched and held by the hands of inhumane men. The manuscript in describing the execution of Lord Rochefort states that he presented his head to the cruel scimitar which cut it off at one blow. EDWARD H. DOBRÉE. Udney Hall, Teddington. JOHN CRAWFORD (12 S. ix. 310).—In 1789 Sir Joshua Reynolds painted his portrait from which J. Grozer did a fine mezzotint. Chaloner Smith's book on portraits spells EARLY HISTORY OF CRICKET (12 S. ix. 1742, and D.D. 1762. This is almost 311). In 1811 a print was published certainly the son of John and Barbara, and showing The Grand Female Cricket Match he is very likely the person required, as no between the Hampshire and Surrey Lasses other Abraham of the period graduated at for 500 Guineas, and played at Newington Trinity. There is a manuscript pedigree Green, near Ball's Pond, Middlesex, October in existence of the descendants of John 2, 1811, when the Hampshire won by Symes and Barbara Sandam. fourteen notches.'. Twenty years ago I had a copy of this, and sent it to The Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News, in which paper a reproduction appeared on July 13, 1901. I gave the print soon afterwards to some county cricket club, I think either Surrey or Hampshire. HERBERT SOUTHAM. P.R.S.V.R., &C., PERSEVERE, &c. (11 S. xi. 318, 435, 477; 12 S. i. 96).—In Edward Baines's History, Directory, and Gazetteer of the County Palatine of Lancaster,' 1824-5, vol. ii., p. 30, after a few lines about a milliarium found in the channel of the Artle-beck rivulet is the following: : A relic belonging also to Roman times was found in the bed of the Fisher-beck inscribed with the following consonants : P.R.S.V.R.Y.P.R.F.C.T.M.N. which have been ingeniously supplied with vowels so as to make this monitory couplet Persevere ye perfect men, Ever keep these precepts ten. : Vicarage, Newry. H. B. SWANZY. William and Ralph Culcheth of Burscough— appears in other places, viz., (unable to write) and another, John Culcheth, who could sign his name; Edward Culcheth and James (x) in Bickerstaffe and Skelmersdale; Thomas in Ince; Ralph in Wigan. It would appear that John Rushley, Esq., and John Holroft, Esq., were the only residents of Culcheth above the rank of yeoman in the Hearth Tax Roll. WALLACE GANDY. OLIVER CROMWELL ON HUNGARY (12 S. It is not unlikely that the stops are printer's errors. It is not explained why the stone was believed to belong to Roman times. The previous notes have assigned this puzzle inscription to a house at Hangleton, near Brighton; a Welsh church; ix. 310).-It all depends on the point of Penshaw Church, near Durham; Beeston Regis Church, near Cromer. Probably, like many epitaphs in verse, it was used in many places. Fisher-beck is, I think, a stream which falls into the Lune at or near Caton. ROBERT PIERPOINT. 66 view-and it must be kept in mind that there is more than one opinion as to what constitutes Christianity." Carlyle gives the speech made by Cromwell to the "Lords and Gentlemen of the Two Houses of Parliament " on Jan. 25, 1658. In this he points out that the King of Hungary is aiming "to make himself Emperor of Germany," and that he will then follow the policy of his father, "whose principles, interest, and personal conscience guided him to exile all the Protestants out of his own patrimonial country." He then goes on to say that the Protestants are tossed out of Poland into the Empire; and out thence whither they can fly to get their bread." See Oliver Cromwell's Letters and Speeches,' vol. v., p. 106 (London : Chapman and Hall, 1872). This is the only reference to the King of Hungary I can find in Cromwell's speeches. T. F. D. 66 E. R. HUGHES, ARTIST (12 S. ix. 250, I. DONOWELL (12 S. ix. 330).-John 294).—' The Year's Art, 1897,' at p. 106, Donowell (fl. 1753-1786), architect and gave his first Christian name as Edis, but draughtsman, exhibited architectural deprobably this was a printer's error for Edw., signs and views of Weymouth, Melcombe though it occurs in other issues of that useful Regis, &c., at the Free Society of Artists publication. in 1761, at the Incorporated Society of Artists in 1762-65 and 1767-70, and at the Royal Academy in 1778-81 and 1786 (A. Graves, Society of Artists' and 'R. A. Exhibitors '). He was a director of the Incorporated Society of Artists in 1768-71, 1773, and 1775 (Papers of the Society in the R.A. Library). According to 'Who Was Who, 1897-1916,' he died May 15, 1908. The portraitpainter Edward Hughes (b. Sept. 14, 1832) had died the preceding day. Were they related? JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT. BURIAL-PLACES OF EMINENT SCIENTISTS (12 S. ix. 250, 315).-John, Lord Wrottesley (ob. Oct. 27, 1867), was buried at Tettenhall Church near Wolverhampton. In the King's Library, B.M., are views of the exterior and interior of St. Gilesin-the-Fields, inscribed "Jno Donowell Walker sculpt. Published delint. Anty WILLIAM PEARCE. Have any novelists of our days a scene and catastrophe more strange and terrible than this which occurs at noonday within a few yards of the greatest thoroughfare in Europe? The murderous attack was not on " a well- 1 March 1753, and sold by the Proprietor Jno Donowell in Norris Street near the Haymarket, London " ; also a view by him of Monkey Island,' between Maidenhead Bridge and Windsor, published in December, 1753. He drew the well-known view of Marylebone Gardens which has been several times reproduced, but as a rule without any mention of the artist's name. It was published by J. Tinney in 1755, and republished in 1761. The figures are cleverly drawn, and show the influence of Canaletto. Dictionary of Artists of the English School,' Donowell is included in S. Redgrave's 1878, where it is stated that he built Lord Le de Spencer's house at Wycombe, the designs for which were printed in Wolfe and Gandon's work." The views of Oxford mentioned by W. V. G. are new to me. HILDA F. FINBERG. my Lord Chamberlaines servants" left it to us. John Dennis in 1702 made a fresh version of it, soon abandoned; Frederick Reynolds in of the notion of improving it was seen in Swin1824 turned it into an opera; in 1874 the last ebb burne and Sullivan's substitution of a new song whole the stage accepted it as it stands and, maugre Pepys, found it well worth playing. of war by the furtherance of international goodwill. With this in view he found the material close to hand in the Adult Schools, and set to work to organize the Adult School International Correspondence Bureau, which has now reached considerable dimensions, necessitating the employment of a voluntary office staff. Started in and directed from Norwich by Mr. Copeman, its headquarters will probably be removed to London in the near future. Since its inception he has been in correspondence with nearly every country in Europe, from which over 1,000 applications have been received for correspondence in this country. It was through this International time since received an invitation to visit Esthonia and help in starting the Adult School movement there. This invitation he accepted and was making preparations for an extended stay in Esthonia when early this month the Society of Friends, of which he is a member, requested Mr. Copeman to go to Russia at once to assist in the administration of the Friends' relief work in the famine-stricken regions.' To the student the difficulties of the text and construction of the play, and the two famous legends connected with it--that of the deerstealing in Sir Thomas Lucy's park, and that of the play's having been written by the express command of Queen Elizabeth-have made The Merry Wives of Windsor' a problem of some solemnity. Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch accepts the tradition of the origin of the play despite its being first mentioned only by the aforesaid John Dennis. His main reason is that this story will account for the confusion and inconsistencies with which the play abounds and which are readily under-Correspondence Bureau that Mr. Copeman some stood if the work was hurried through in a fortnight. As evidence of haste he makes much of the hopeless attempt to throw a characteristically Elizabethan play back to the time of Henry IV. by allusions to "the mad Prince" and the like. He shows that topical allusions were provided and gives a most ingenious and pleasant elucidation of the word garmombles." He suggests that The Merry Wives' was written up from a play belonging to the repertory of Shakespeare's company called The Jealous Comedy,' having a plot probably based on an Italian story. Into this had to be inserted the character of Falstaffwhich was done by superimposing the knight upon some priggish, long-winded personage whose utterances have not all been taken out. gave On the characters of the play Sir Arthur says many illuminating things, but none more interesting than his conjecture as to the identity of the original of Nym. He sets out six reasons which point to Nym's being a caricature of no less a person than Ben Jonson-being, in fact, that purge which our fellow Shakespeare' him that made him bewray his credit." The stage war, which was carried on about the time of the production of The Merry Wives,' hinged, as Sir Arthur says, upon Jonson's classical theory of the comedy of humours; Nym, with his operations" in his head 'which be humours of revenge," recalls Jonson's well-known head troubles, and the name itself is "short "for" Hieronymos,' the very name of the Marshal of Spain in 'The Spanish Tragedy' which Jonson was then, or had recently been, playing in the provinces. The conjecture strikes us as a brilliantly happy one. The Introduction as a whole is a delightful example of the handling of rather tiresome matters in such a way as to make them delightful. But this is an art of which the writer is a past master, and on which he needs no commendation. The study of the composition of the play and of the state of the text is taken further in Mr. Dover Wilson's essay on the copy for The Merry Wives of Windsor.' 1623. "The temporary Foreign Secretary is Mr. D. Hotson Palmer, 3, Claremont Road, Norwich, and the English Secretary is Mr. Douglas James, National Adult School Union, 30, Bloomsbury Street, London, W.C.1." Notices to Correspondents. EDITORIAL communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries '"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publishers "at the Office, Printing House Square, London, E.C.4; corrected proofs to The Editor, N. & Q.,' Printing House Square, London, E.C.4. ALL communications intended for insertion in our columns should bear the name and address of the sender-not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. WHEN answering a query, or referring to an article which has already appeared, correspondents are requested to give within parentheses-immediately after the exact heading the numbers of the series, volume, and page at which the contribution in question is to be found. WHEN sending a letter to be forwarded to another contributor correspondents are requested to put in the top left-hand corner of the envelope the number of the page of N. & Q.' to which the letter refers. H. WILBERFORCE BELL (The Prisoner of Chillon). This was François Bonivard, of whom a short account will be found in the Encyclopædia Britannica.' account of the man who hoisted Nelson's signal CORRIGENDA.-The correct reference to the should read-C.O. 284/43, May 20, 1852. This refers to The Tasmanian Colonist newspaper, which had copied the account from Chambers's Journal, but the date of which was not given. E. H. FAIRBROTHER. Ante, p. 310, col. 2, s.v. 'Artemus Ward,' for "John Camden's Introduction to read John Camden Hollen's Introduction to. |