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value of the protest of Erasmus? (3) Surely
the Greeks ""at the present day
(1528)
would be better guides in the matter than
either Erasmus or Smith or Cheke, as
Italians are accounted to be in the
pro-
nunciation of Latin. (4) What is the root
difference (other than that indicated above)
between the two systems? (5) Does either

of them obtain in our Universities and
colleges in our "present day"?

J. B. McGOVERN. St. Stephen's Rectory, C.-on-M., Manchester,

THE PRESS AND CHRISTMAS.-The general suspension of the publication of newspapers in England on Christmas Day, 1913, is recorded at 11 S. viii. 505, The Times being the last of the London papers to break the continuity of issue. It may now be useful to note that no newspapers were published on Boxing Day, 1920, and that for three consecutive days (Sunday falling on Dec. 26) there was an entire suspension of English newspapers. ROLAND AUSTIN.

MADAME DE SÉVIGNÉ AND MASSON.The 'Selection from the Letters of Madame de Sévigné and her Contemporaries' (Oxford Clarendon Press Series, French Classics first published 1868) was edited by Gustave Masson, professor at Harrow School. The Lettres Choisies de Mesdames de Sévigné, de Grignan, de Simiane, et de Maintenon (Paris, Bossange, 1835) was edited by J. R. Masson. This is probably the only instance of "classics" edited by two annotators of the same surname for educational purposes. The selections (so far as Mme. de Sévigné is concerned) are nearly similar.

ANDREW DE TERNANT.

36 Somerleyton Road, Brixton, S.W.

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TOBACCO RETURNS.-Inquiry among the tobacco authorities in this country having failed to elicit an explanation of the origin of this term as applied to a description of tobacco, I have been favoured by the Tobacco Merchants Association of the United States, Beekman Street, New York, with the following references.

Fairholt, in his 'Tobacco: its History and Associations' (1876), writes ::

The lighter kinds of tobacco, such as Returns, Orinoco, &c., are very sparingly wetted; only just sprinkled, and not allowed to soak. They are just sufficiently damp to squeeze into form in the box; and, owing to their dryness, are less easily cut than damper tobaccos, which owe their dark colour principally to 'liquoring'; and to increase this, the

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PRINCE CHARLES EDWARD STUART'S SWORDS.-The following short transcribed from The Manchester Evening entry is News, Wednesday, Oct. 13, 1920, which seems worthy of a place in 'N. & Q.':

"A sword which was worn by Bonnie Prince from Lord Garroch to Mrs. Calhoun of WashingCharlie has gone to the United States as a gift ton. a descendant of the House of Mar."

The underneath subject was on view at Royal Jubilee Exhibition, Old Trafford, Manchester; department of Old Manchester and Salford, 1887, and it was described in a catalogue, 'Relics of Old Manchester and Salford,' pp. 92.

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Sword bearing the inscription :

Royal Highness Prince Charles Edward Stuart, 'Presented to Sir Thomas Sheridan, Kt,, by His Lawful Heir to the Throne of Great Britain. Ireland, France, &c., in the presence of the Chevalier de St. George, Viscount Strathallan. Lords Nairn, George Murray, Kilmarnock, Cromarty, and Balmerino, at our Palace of Holyrood, Edinburgh, 1745. Semper fidelis secret et hardi.'

owner (the late) Sir William Cunliffe Brooks, Bart., M.P.

FREDERICK LAWRENCE TAVARÉ. 22 Trentham Street, Pendleton, Manchester. THE ANTIDOTE OF MITHRIDATES (See 12 S. vii. 519). The antidote of which the receipt is said to have been discovered in the cabinet of Mithridates VI, consisted of 20 leaves of rue, 1 grain of salt, 2 nuts, and 2 dried figs, but this is not the Mithridatium of the Roman and later physicians, or anything like it. Celsus gives a receipt (I believe the earliest known) containing 38 ingredients. These were afterwards increased to 75, but many receipts have

Pharmacopoeia and retained until 1788 had from 45 to 48, none of the four named above being amongst them. The most active ingredient was opium, and to this the medipine doubtless owed its popularity. It owes (so far as is known) nothing to Mithridates but its name. C. C. B.

Queries.

WE must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that answers may be sent to them direct.

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A NATURAL DAUGHTER OF GEORGE III.An old diary lately discovered contains this entry: "My mother was a very beautiful woman, and was of very high birth.' The allusion is to Frances Haywood or Hayword, who was m. (1) to Read, Reed, or Reid, and (2) on Dec. 22, 1800, at Liverpool to James Waller Hewitt, who was bapt. James only on Nov. 2, 1777, at Wickham Market, Suffolk, being son of William Hewitt and Sarah Waller. Tradition relates that Frances Haywood was a natural daughter of George III., that she was some years older than J. W. Hewitt, that she was great friends "with George III.'s daughters Sophia, born 1777, and Amelia, born 1783, and that Mrs. Hewitt's daughter Frances used to go to the Duke of Kent's house and was given a scarf by the Princess Victoria. Further, that the beautiful Frances Haywood-Reed-Hewitt had her portrait painted by Allen Ramsay (1713-1784), or Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-92), or Sir Henry Raeburn (1756-1823).

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I cannot find any record of the above marriage at Liverpool in 1800. On Dec. 11, 1801, their daughter Frances was bapt. at New Windsor, Berks. In April, 1803, their daughter Mary Catherine was born, and in November, 1807, their daughter Clarissa was born. From October, 1808, to May, 1811, J. W. Hewitt was ensign and lieutenant in the Bedfordshire Militia. From May, 1811, to November, 1817, he was ensign and lieutenant in the 1st Regt. of Foot, of which the Duke of Kent was colonel. In November, 1817, he retired on half-pay. About that date he and his wife separated," and she settled with her three daughters at Belfast, where in 1827-28 the two elder were married. Mrs. Hewitt died and was buried at Belfast, as was also hee unmarried daughter Clarissa about 1888-96.

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CORNELIUS DREBBEL.-I shall be much

obliged to any reader of N. & Q.' who can give me further information concerning the person and the works of the Dutch naturalist, inventor and engineer Cornelius Drebbel, who lived about 1604-1625 in England at the court of James I, or concerning his son-in-law, Dr. Abr. Kufler, dyer, at Stratford, Bow. I am especially in search of such data as may be found in unpublished records or in the manuscripts of private libraries, in judicial acts, bills, &c., the printed records being already taken into account by me.

PROFESSOR DR. F. M. JAEGER. The University, Groningen, Holland.

MATTHEW PARIS.-The following invective against the Preaching or Mendicant Friars (presumably a modern translation from the Latin) is said to have been written by Matthew Paris, who was a Benedictine monk at St. Albans, and naturally looked upon them as rivals :—

"The friars who have been founded hardly forty These are they who enlarging day by day their years have built residences as the palaces of Kings. sumptuous edifices encircling them with lofty walls, lay up in them their incalculable treasures, imprudently transgressing the bounds of poverty and violating the very fundamental rules of their profession.'

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commission as Asst.-Surgeon in the army and went to India to join the 30th Regt. of Foot. During five years' service in India he acquired a large surgical experience. On his return home in 1833 he took his M.D. degree at Glasgow and began private practice at Cheltenham. He subsequently removed to Mayfair. Was an author of 'Hints on Cholera,' &c. He married Eliza, dau. of D. Johnstone of Overtoun, and died at 28 Bolton Street, Piccadilly, W., on Oct. 12, 1869, aged 67 years.

I seek genealogical details of his ancestry. Was he a son of Samuel Dickson, W.S., of Edinburgh, born 1777 ?

JAMES SETON-ANDERSON.

39 Carlisle Road, Hove, Sussex.

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SPENCER MACKAY,

ARMIGER.-Jacobus Alexander?] Gordon dedicates his thesis Tentamen medicum inaugurale de arsenico" QUI HI IN HINDOSTAN.'-I am anxious (Edinburgh 1814) to his maternal uncle to know who was the author of The Grand" avunculus "), Spencer Mackay, armiger, Master, or Adventures of Qui Hi in Hin-London-"tibi omnia post Deum debeo. dostan,' published in 1816; also where I believe Gordon is identical with Meredith's Rowlandson got the materials for his illus- friend Dr. James Alexander Gordon (1793– trations to the Adventures of Qui Hi.'

S. T. S.

'LIFE IN BOMBAY.'-Can any of your readers tell me who was the author of Life in Bombay and the Neighbouring Outstations,' published by Bentley in 1852 ? S. T. S. "TO OUTRUN THE CONSTABLE."-What is the origin of this phrase, which means to exceed one's financial resources ? It appears to have been fairly frequently used during the latter part of the last century. Besant and Rice use it in 'Ready-money Mortiboy,' 1872 (vol. ii. chap. v.), and R. L. Stevenson used it in one of his letters a few years later.

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W. ROBERTS.

"FRANCKINSENCE. (See 12 S. vii. 503). -Does the entry for pfumes and Franckinsence, xiiiid, given by MR. ARTHUR WINN, in his Extracts from the Aldeburgh Records' point to a post-reformation use of incense ? WILFRED J. CHAMBERS.

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Clancarty, Regent Road, Lowestoft.

THE GREEN MAN, ASHBOURNE.-I should like to know when this well-known inn with its famous signboard, hanging across the street, was built. Boswell in September, 1777, took his post-chaise from the Green Man which he describes as "a very good inn at Ashbourne," and adds that the landlady, one M. Killingley, presented him with an engraving of the sign of her house,

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1872), father of James Edward Henry Gordon (1852-93), the electrician. Who was Spencer Mackay? The D.N.B.' gets no nearer the origin of James Alexander Gordon than the statement that he was born in

Middlesex.

37 Bedford Square, W.C.1.

J. M. BULLOCH.

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as "ad. med.

L. glomeria, prob. ad. AF. glomerie=gramarie,
[The N.E.D.' explains "glomery
GRAMMAR, instances the Cambridge Magister
Glomeriae, and quotes Mullinger, University of
Cambridge,' i. 140: "It was customary in the
earliest times to delegate to a non-academic func-
tionary the instruction of youth in the elements of
the [Latin] language. Such, if we accept the best

Magister Glomeriae."
supported conjecture, was the function of the
A pupil at a Cambridge
grammar-school seems to have been called a
"glomerel."]

"DAVID LYALL,' PSEUDONYM.-I have seen this pseudonym recently in a catalogue as being used by Annie S. Swan, afterwards Mrs. Burnett Smith. The British Museum Catalogue, however, records it as used by the late Miss Helen B. Mathers (Mrs. Reeves). Can it be definitely stated to which of these ladies may be attributed the novels written under this pen-name?

EARLY ASCENTS OF MONT BLANC BY | Budex, Beaudeux and Beaudeaux are, ENGLISH TRAVELLERS.-The fourth ascent I suppose, forms of the modern St. Budeaux. of Mont Blanc was made in 1788 by a young The first evidently recalls the local nineEnglishman named Woodley accompanied teenth-century pronunciation of "Buddix." by the celebrated guides Jacques Balmat What however is the place referred to as and Cachat le Géant, and two others. He Pouldram House and what is the modern is described by the Genevese Alpine traveller, name of "Tadcaster in Cornwall," taken Marc-Théodore Bourrit, who accompanied along with "Foy"? W. S. B. H. him during part of the ascent, as 'fils du Can gouverneur de l'Amérique Angloise. any reader of 'N. & Q.' throw any light on his identity?

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I should also be particularly glad to know something about the following Englishmen

the dates of whose ascents of Mont Blanc I give in parenthesis:

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1. Capt. John Undrell (1819). According to the Royal Kalendar for 1818 he was promoted to the rank of commander in the

R.N. in 1815.

2. Frederick Clissold (1822). 3. H. H. Jackson (1823).

4. Capt. Markham Sherwill (1825).

6. Dr. Edmund Clark (1825).

7. Alfred Waddington (1836).

8. Mr. Nicholson, a London barrister (1843).

9. W. Bosworth (1843).

10. Dr. Archibald Vincent Smith (1847). 11. J. D. Gardner (1850).

All of the foregoing except numbers 7, 9, and 10 published narratives of their expeditions, but as far as I am aware nothing else is known about their lives.

Champéry.

HENRY F. MONTAGNIER,
Member of the Alpine Club.

KENSINGTON GRAVEL AT VERSAILLES. An old issue of The Quarterly Review is an authority for the statement that the garden walks at the Palace of Versailles were laid out with gravel from Kensington, which was of European repute. When and by whom was this transaction carried out? By what method was the transportation of the gravel from Kensington to Versailles effected, and what was the total quantity of material so transferred ? Where were the Kensington gravel pits situated ?

J. LANDFEAR LUCAS. WEST COUNTRY PLACE-NAMES IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.-I have just been examining Ricraft's 'Survey of England's Champions,' the date of which on the first title-page is 1647 and on the second 1649. I am puzzled at the forms taken by some Devon and Cornwall names of places and should be glad of information about them.

COATS OF ARMS: IDENTIFICATION SOUGHT. -Can any reader of 'N. & Q.' help me to identify the bearers of two coats of arms painted on the portraits of a man and his wife, dated 1558 ?

His coat is Sable, on a chevron between three butterflies argent, an escutcheon of the field, charged with a fleur-de-lys.

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His wife's escutcheon shows two coats Gules, a fesse wavy arg. between an escallopimpaled the first as above; the second shell of the last in chief, and a crown or in base.

Some member of the Papillon family would seem to be indicated, but I have been quite unable to trace the lady's family, which was evidently foreign. R. T. GUNTHER.

Magdalen College, Oxford.

'MELIORA.—When a boy I often used to see copies of a magazine with this title. When did it originate and when did it die ? Who were its editors and contributors.

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1. F.

[In The Times Handlist of English and Welsh Newspapers' Meliora is referred to the year 1858 and described as "A quarterly review of social science in its ethical, economical, political and ameliorative repects.' Apparently it came to an end in 1869.]

STEVENSON AND MISS YONGE.-Which of

Miss Yonge's novels is alluded to by R. L. Stevenson in his essay, 'A Gossip on a Novel of Dumas's '? In it he writes that he made the acquaintance of Dumas's 'Le Vicomte de Bragelonne' in 1863, and that he saluted the name of d'Artagnan like an old friend, having met it the year before in a work of Miss Yonge's.' The question is which? EDWARD LATHAM.

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61 Friends Road, Croydon.

"PRINCIPAL."-In the official list of 'His Majesty's Ministers and Heads of Public Departments, Revised October, 1920,' this word appears to be used in a novel sense: it would be a convenience to have that sense defined. The members of the "Cabinet Secretariat " have the titles: Secretary, Principal, Assistant Secretary, Assistant Secretaries (three names), Principals (two

names), Assistant Principal (Private Secretary to the Secretary), Confidential and Chief Clerk, Assistant Chief Clerk.

elsewhere in the list.

Lambert with having overworked Chatterton.
This charge has not been brought before
against Lambert even by the most ardent
defenders of Chatterton.
G. W. WRIGHT.

While the Committee of Imperial Defence is provided with: Secretary, Secretary, Principal Assistant Secretary, Assistant Secretaries (three names), Principal, Confidential and 'FRANKENSTEIN.'-I should be glad to be Chief Clerk, Assistant Chief Clerk. informed of the earliest recorded instance The noun Principal does not seem to occur of the confusion between the protagonists in Q. V. Mrs. Shelley's story 'Frankenstein,' in general literature or journalism. In journalism at THACKERAY: "THE NEWCOMES.'-In least three instances have occurred in the vol. i., chap. ix., of "The Newcomes,' past few months of references to the creation Thackeray speaks of the Rev. Charles of a "Frankenstein," meaning of course the Honeyman's "luxurious sofa from Oxford, monster which Frankenstein brought into presented to him by young Cibber Wright existence. of Christchurch.' In later editions, in place of "young Cibber Wright," we find "young Downy. I shall be obliged to any one who will explain why Thackeray made this change of name.

Boston, Mass.

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CHARLES E. STRATTON.

BARLOW FAMILY.-At 9 S. viii. 144, I asked for particulars of the Rev. F. Barlow, described as Vicar of Burton

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on the

It would be interesting to know if there is any satisfactory explanation of the extraordinary prevalence of this curious error, which constitutes a problem with few parallels in literature. H. J. AYLIFFE. 2 New Steine, Brighton.

Replies.

title-page of his 'Complete English Peerage,' A NOTE ON SAMUEL PEPYS'S DIARY. 1772, &c., but nothing definite was elicited. At 12 S. i. 469 is mention of a Descendants'

Dinner of the Barlow family, held in London in December 1906, and it may now be possible to renew the former query with better chance of success. My principal object is to identify the Burton "of which the Rev. F. Barlow was vicar at the period indicated. W. B. H.

MAJOR-GENERAL SIR ROBERT SALE. It is said that in a despatch from him, sent from Jellalabad, concealed in a quill, a small paper was enfolded on which was written iodine.' When this was applied to the invisible writing, written with rice water, the letter became visible.

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What is the authority for this statement ?

(12 S. vii. 507.)

I AM particularly interested in SIR CHARLES TOMES's note, as I have for some time past been endeavouring to trace the exact relationship of Nan Pepys of Worcester with the Diarist, in connexion with my forthcoming book on Pepys and his family.

The only information I have been able to obtain in relation to any Anne Pepys of Worcester is the following

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In Water's Genealogist's Gleanings,' there is a reference to the will, dated Apr. 5, 1658, and proved on Oct. 2 following, of John Danvers of Upton, in the parish of Ratley, Warwickshire, Esq., whereby he bequeathed a legacy of 100l. to Anne Pepes, wife of John Pepes of Littleton in the co. of Worcester.

G. H. J. CHATTERTON'S APPRENTICESHIP TO LAM- I searched at Somerset House for the will BERT.-Sir Sidney Lee's account of Chatter- of John Pepes of Worcester, but found none. ton (published in 1906) contains the follow-In the Administration Book now at Somerset ing statement :

"He lived at his master's house, was harshly used and greatly overworked."

House, however, I found that on May 31, 1660, Letters of Administration to the estate of Anne Pepys alias Peakes, late of The italics are mine.) All previous bio- Littleton, Worcester, were granted by the graphers of Chatterton agree that he had Prerogative Court of Canterbury, to her much leisure time, and was thus able during husband John Pepys alias Peakes. This office hours to carry on his own literary proves that this Anne died intestate and work. It would be interesting to know on not leaving a will as Dr. Wheatley con

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