227 Voice of Truth. Commenced Clitheroe, Jan., 1830 Published at Bolton, Feb., 1831, to Dec., 1833.

-227 Bolton Chronicle. Commenced Oct. 9, 1824. Ceased publication, Dec. 22, 1917. 234 2 Bolton Advertiser July, 1848 to July, 1900 Was known as Mackie's Advertiser until August, 1854.

235 2

238 2

-239 1 253 2

254 1

62 1

-284 1

British Temperance Advocate. Com-
menced Bolton, July, 1849.
Winterburn's Advertiser. Commenced
January 1, 1854, and ceased same year.
Bowtun Luminary. 1852 to 862.
Bolton Evening News. March 19, 1867.
In progress.

Farnworth Observer, 1860 to 1873. Con-
tinued as Farnworth Weekly Journal
and Observer, 1873. In progress.
Bolton Daily Chronicle. Commenced
Sept. 8, 1868. Ceased publication Dec. 22,
1917.

2772 Football Field. Ceased publication 1915.
Bolton Express Full title. Bolton Express
and County Effective Advertiser.
--289 1 Bolton Star. No. 1 to 56 June 5, 1891
311 2

to June 25. 1892.

Bolton Gazette. Ceased publication after

a few numbers.

312 Farnworth Chronicle. Ceased publication
Dec., 1917.
3142 Bolton Catholic Herald. No. 1 issued

1894.

Index. Bolton Citizen. Index states page 320;

should be page 322.

ARCHIBALD SPARKE.

of the Board of Trade and had much to do
with the preparation of Sir Robert Peel's
measure for the repeal of the Corn Laws.
I believe he was the "Pipkins" of "Pip-
kins' Clan " on which Disraeli poured ridicule
A full account of the trial of the directors
in his speech on the second reading of the bill.
will be found in Monier Evan's 'Facts,
Failures, and Frauds,' pp. 268-390.
ALFRED B. BEAVEN.

Leamington.

The Royal British Bank failed on Sept. 3, 1856; some directors brought to trial, Feb. 27, 1858. See Annals of our Trials,' by J. Irving, under these dates.

66

6

E. C. A.-L.

was

SIR ROBERT BELL OF BEAUPRÉ (12 S. vi. 39; vii. 178, 414, 475).-I am grateful to MR. BEDWELL for asking my authority for my statement regarding Robert Bell of the Temple" in 12 S. vii. 414. As a result that the records of the College of Arms and of further scrutiny of some papers I find of the Temple do not quite tally with regard to the Robert Bell referred to. From the records in the former-which the principal authority for my statement-it appears that the arms Sa., on a chevron between three church bells ar. as many lion's heads couped gu." were granted by ROYAL BRITISH BANK (12 S. viii. 130).- natent in 1560 to Robert Bell, of the was founded in 1849 and suspended pay- Temple, London, son of William Bell of co. ment in September, 1856. The chief pro- York.' These were not the arms borne by jector and original Governor of the bank Sir Robert Bell of Beaupré, which were was John McGregor, M.P. for Glasgow, who Sa., a fesse erm. between three church died soon after the closing of the bank and bells ar.” There were thus two Robert so escaped prosecution. The directors (ex- Bells of the Temple about that time. MR. -cept McGregor and another who had fled BEDWELL asserts that this was not the case, the country to avoid arrest) were tried for and I think the solution lies partly in the conspiracy to defraud and convicted in fact that Robert Bell, late of Lyons Inn, February, 1858, together with the manager, Gent.," was admitted a member of the Inner Hugh Innes Cameron. They were sentenced Temple, on July 13, 1571. Lyon's Inn was to various terms of imprisonment. Among one of the Inns absorbed by the Inner them were Humphry Brown, M.P. for Temple. Sir Robert Bell, Chief Baron of Tewkesbury, Richard Hartley Kennedy, the Exchequer, was a member of the Middle Alderman of London, and Henry Dunning Temple. But even now the question is not Macleod, author of a work on the Theory solved for in the patent of arms granted to and Practice of Banking' and of & text-book Robert Bell in 1560 he is described as of Political Economy, and also of a History the Temple," whereas the Robert Bell, -of Banking in Great Britain.' There is en formerly of Lvon's Inn, was not admitted article on Macleod in the second supple-to the Inner Temple until 1571. It would, ment of the 'D.N.B.' in which no reference appear, therefore, either that cne Robert is made to his connexion with the Royal Bell has been lost sight of in the Temple British Bank. He was son-in-law of Came-records; or that Sir Robert Bell had two ron. McGregor who was a very strong Free grants of arms. Doubtless the College of Trader (as were Brown and Macleod) hed Arms could throw light on this point. I been one of the first Permanent Secretarics regret that I wrote

66

"of

When the late King Edward VII. made his visit, as Prince of Wales, to Ceylon in 1875, he was struck with the number of supposed sons of peers who were presented to him. He kept asking what noble family each respectively represented, and on being informed that the honorific merely indicated that they were members of the Executive or Legislative Council, gave instructions that in future their official designations were to include the title of "Mr." so as to distinguish them from the sons of peers in whose titles it is not included. But I am inclined to think that this story has been invented to account for a change which has certainly been distinctly made in

most imposing memorial is the bronze not the same, as that in the 'Legend of statue by Woolner in Hyde Park, Sydney, Montrose,' and neither of these agrees with unveiled by Sir Hercules Robinson when the quotation in the 'D.N.B.' life of Wade. Governor of New South Wales. At Chalfont EDWARD BENSLY. St. Giles, Bucks, Admiral Sir Hugh Palliser, a great friend of Cook's, erected a brick building with a pedestal in front of it "To Captain James Cook, the ablest and most renowned navigator this other country hath produced." Lastly, there is an obelisk in Owhyhee, erected by Lord Byron and the officers of the Blonde on the spot where Cook's body was burned. It is a cross of oak ten feet in height with this inscription:

Sacred

or any

to the Memory of
Captain James Cook, R.N..
who discovered these islands
in the year of our Lord 1778.
This humble monument is erected
by his Countrymen

in the year of our Lord 1825.
WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK.

THE OLD HORSE GUARDS BUILDINGS

(12 S. vii 232, 258; viii. 58).-The London Magazine, or Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer, vol. xxiii., February, 1754, published an engraving of The New Buildings for the Horse Guards' with the following paragraph on the opposite page :

"The apartments for the Horse Guards at the entrance of St James's Park, over against the Banqueting House, Whitehall, having been lately rebuilt in an elegant and grand manner, we have thought fit to present our readers with a per spective VIEW of the same, as hereto annexed." J. R. H.

Whoever made them, there is much variety in their form, due presumably to

oral transmission. The version which Scott

THE SENTRY AT POMPEII (12 S. viii. 131). -The story has somehow attached itself to the tomb of Marcus Cerrinius Restitutus, just outside the Porta Ercolanese. A. J. C. Hare gives it, with two mistakes in the spelling of Cerrinius, on p. 212 of his Cities of Southern Italy and Sicily' (1883), where he speaks of

"a vaulted niche, in which the fully-armed skeleton of a soldier was found. He was evidently on guard at the neighbouring gate, and, faithful to his trust, only took shelter here from the burning shower, whilst his fellow citizens were escaping.

But the greatest authority on Pompeii in his day, the late Prof. August Mau, who was responsible for the account of Pompeii in Baedeker's Unter-Italien und Sizilien,' declared, p. 148, 13th ed., that the legend, like so many stories about Pompeii, was an invention.

The ill-informed are still called on at

times to believe that the town was overwhelined by a stream of lava!

EDWARD BENSLY.

In 1865 the late Sir Edward Poynter, afterwards P.R.A., exhibited in the R.A. a painting called 'Faithful unto Death,' which is now in the Walker Gallery at Liverpool, representing a Roman soldier in full the dead and dying. Marc Monnier, Pomarmour, awaiting his fate at his post, amid pei et les Pompéiens' (Tour du Monde,' 1864) at pp. 415, 416, as reported by W. H. Davenport Adams, Pompeii and Herculaneum' (1881), at pp. 268, 271, says :

6

"In 1863,......under a mass of ruin, the excavators discovered an empty space. at whose bottom some bones were discernible. They immediately summoned M. Fiorelli to the spot, who conceived a felicitous idea. He caused some plaster, to be poured while liquid into the hole, and the same operation was renewed at other points where similar bones were thought to be visible. Afterwards the crust of pumice-stone and hard ashes, which enveloped, as in a shroud, these objects, having been carefully removed, before the eye were revealed the skeletons of four human corpses. You may see them now in the Museum at Naples." The fourth body is that of a man of gigantic stature. He has flung himself on his back to die bravely; his arms and legs are straight and immovable. His clothes are very sharply defined, the tunic which once was new and brilliant, the sandals (soleae) laced to the feet, with the iron

*Note.-They are not now at Naples, but in the

nails that fastened the wooden soles still plainly discernible. On the bone of one finger he wears a ng of iron; his mouth is open, and some teeth are wanting; his nose and cheek-bones are boldly marked; the eyes and hair have disappeared, but the mustache remains. There is a martial and resolute air in this fine corpse."

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

he resisted the treatment meted out to Pope Pius VII., whom he visited at Fontainebleau. This resulted in the Comte de Rohan-Chabot being forced to leave France. He returned to Paris in 1814 as Prince de Léon. In 1816 he succeeded his father as Duc de Rohan-Chabot, and Peer of France. Very shortly afterwards his wife was burnt CARDINAL DE ROHAN CHABOT (12 S. viii. 110).—According to L. Lalanne's Die- of Saint Sulpice, and he was ordained priest to death. In 1819 he entered the College tionnaire historique de la France (Paris, in 1822. Almost at once he was given a 1872), p. 1574, he was born in 1788 (order of Canonry at Notre Dame, and became Vicarnames I.. F. A.), was chamberlain of the General to the Archbishop of Paris. In Frincess Pauline, then of Madame Murat, 1828 he was consecrated to the Archand finally of Napcleon, succeeded 1816 bishopric of Auch. He exchanged this see his father as Duc de R.-C., and became a widower in 1815. Next a cavalry colonel, in 1830 he was created a Cardinal. His for that of Besançon that same year; and he took Holy Orders (1822), and became statue (by Clésinger) is to be seen in his successively Archbishop of Auch and soon Cathedral Church of St. John at Besançon. after of Besançon (both in 1828) and Car-He declined to recognize Louis Philippe as dinal, 1830, dying in 1833. W. A. B. C.

Grindelwald.

There is a portrait of "L. F. A. le Duc de Rohan-Chabot, Prince de Léon, Archévèque de Besançon et Cardinal in the Cathedral House of the diocese. There is in existence a lithograph print of it (taken about the time of his death in 1833), and woodcuts appeared in some of the French illustrated periodicals of the period.

The Cardinal-Duke, who was born at Paris, 1788, escaped as an infant with his parents to England at sthe beginning of the French Revolution. His ancestors inIcluded the famous Admiral de Chabot (Seigneur de Brion), who, according to Père Mathieu de Goussencourt in his 'Histoire Célestine (unpublished Ms. in the Bibl. de l'Arsenal, No. 42 H.I.) :"fut inhumé le 5 juillet 1545 dans l'église du Couvent des Céléstins où est sa représentation

de marbre blanc au natural."

:

It was he who gave the idea of the Colony of
Canada.
ANDREW DE TERNANT.

36 Somerleyton Road, Brixton, S.W.

Louis François Auguste, grandson of Lieut.-General Louis Antoine Auguste, Duc de Rohan-Chabot (1753-1807), was born in Paris in 1788, and died at Chenecey, near Besançon in 1833. As Comte de RohanChabot he was chamberlain to Napoleon's sister Pauline, the Principessa Borghese, whom Canova has handed down to posterity as long as his marble lasts as Venus Victrix. (As to this statue see A. J. C. Hare's Walks in Rome (15th edn, 1900), ii. 296.)

Eventually he became chamberlain to Napoleon hi nself, but, as a good Catholic,

King, and so ended his days in obscurity.
Most of the above facts are taken from
Nouveau Larousse Illustré,' vii. 355.

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

ASKELL (12 S. vii. 409, 513; viii. 75).— This name occurred in Lancashire at any early period. Baines in his 'History of Lancashire,' vol. ii. p. 581, referring to the history of Cockersand Abbey, says :—

"The earliest notice of this house appears to be in the charter of William de Lancaster, who granted to Hugh, a hermit, the place Askelcros and Crok, with his fishery upon Loyne, to maintain a hospital." F. CROOKS.

"FRANCKINSENCE" (12 S. viii. 29,72,115).— The cases of post-Reformation use of incense in the English Church have been examined in detail by Mr. Dibden, Q.C., in his speech before the Archbishops of Canterbury and York at Lambeth during their inquiry into the legality of incense, in May, 1899. The speech together with that of Mr. Ewington and Prof. Collins who also addressed the

Court was published at the time by Messrs.
Spottiswoode & Co.

W. AVER.
Primrose Club, Fark Place, St. James's, S.W.1.