The poor thing, when she came to die, "caused herself to be dressed from top to toe all in white," as a bride. Your readers have now probably had enough, and A. T. M. too. The occurrences must all have taken place about 1610-20, at Esher in Surrey (where Mr. Drake was patron of the living) except that the last few weeks were spent at Shardeloes, near Amersham, where she was buried.

The first edition is "by Hart On-hi," i.e., John Hart, who is nowhere mentioned: the others are anonymous. All three editions are in the British Museum, under Hart's name. FAMA.

Oxford.

from the editorial footnote to ANXIOUS ENQUIRER that the Intelligence Department of The Times attributes the historical epitaph to The Sporting Life.

The truth of the matter is as follows. On Aug. 29, 1882, a memorable match at the Oval terminated by Murdoch's Australian team defeating the English Eleven by seven runs. Four days later, viz., in its issue of Sept. 2, The Sporting Times printed the following epitaph with a black-edged border :—

In Affectionate Remembrance

of

ENGLISH CRICKET
Which died at the Oval on 29th August, 1882.
Deeply lamented by a large circle of sorrowing
friends and acquaintances.
R.I.P.

N.B.-The body will be cremated and the Ashes
taken to Australia.

The late Sir W. R. Drake, F.S.A., notes in his Devonshire Notes and Notelets':"It is this Mrs. Joan Drake, whose peculiar melancholia is narrated in a curious and rare In the autumn of 1882 the Hon. Ivo Bligh pamphlet printed in 1647, intituled Troddendown Strength, by the God of Strength, or Mrs. (now Lord Darnley) took out a team to Drake revived; shewing her strange and rare case Australia. They played in all 17 matches. great and many uncouth afflictions for some They won 9, lost 3, and 5 were drawn. Of years together; together with the strange and these, 4 were called test matches and each wonderful manner how the Lord revealed himself team won two apiece. Anyhow, our eleven unto her a few days before her death.' Her were deemed to have recovered the Ashes husband appears to have considered that his wife's disease was more fitted for the care of in that season, for the ladies of Australia learned Divines than of Physicians, as he called presented Mr. Bligh with a little urn conto his aid to preach to her several church cele-taining them which now reposes in his brities, including the Rev. John Dod, and the smoking room at Cobham Hall, Kent. Rev. Mr. Hooker. It is recorded by Manning and Bray (Hist. of Surrey,' fo., vol. ii. p. 746, picture of it recently appeared in The Daily note) that Mrs. Drake when dying caused herself Mail as well as in one of the illustrated to be dressed in white, like a bride, and desired weeklies. WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK. to be so buried, which was done."

Yattendon.

CAREY P. DRAKE.

"THE ASHES (12 S. viii. 110). It is astonishing what a number of inaccurate and misleading statements have appeared in print respecting the origin of this term in relation to the cricket matches between English and Australian teams. For example, some twenty years ago that eminent cricketer, Mr. P. F. Warner, brought out a book entitled 'How we recovered the Ashes. It was originally published by Chapman & Hall and subsequently in a cheaper form by George Newnes in 1905. The epitaph which created "The Ashes " figured as a frontispiece to this book, and it was stated to have appeared in Punch. That, so far as I know, started the misapprehension.

In The Morning Post of the 22nd ult. a peragraph appeared commencing, "It was our old friend, Mr. Punch,' who in

66

66

A

"RIGGES AND GRANPOLES (12 S. viii. 71). These names which occur in an enumeration of "royal fishes, temp. Charles II. are referable to two kinds of shark. "Rig," commonly known to seacoast fishermen nowadays as Tope" and "Toper,' a widely distributed species, is Galeus vulgaris. Granpole," i.e., big-head, is the Basking Shark (Selache maxima) our largest British fish, locally known as the "broad-headed gazer." Both are well figured by Couch and Day in their respective works on British fishes.

66

In August, 1917, I received a photograph of a large basking shark which had been recently captured off Carradale, Kintyre, and was labelled Broad-headed Gazer." This established its identity. The dimensions were not given, but the length of another specimen from the Isle of Wight preserved in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) was ascertained to be 28 ft. 10 in., the length of its huge head being 6 ft. 10 in.

PAUL MARNY (12 S. viii. 88).-The Gillow in his Biographical Dictionary of following very fine pictures by this artist English Catholics,' vol. v. p. 303, says :— are still in my collection :

succeeded at St. David's in 1559, at Hars- Travels have been included in collected berton in 1560, and in his two prebends at editions such as Harris, Moore and PinkerExeter in 1561 and 1562 respectively. He ton's Collections of Voyages and Travels. was nephew to Henry Morgan, Bishop of St. It is also completely reprinted in Bohn's David's, and is often called Philip Morgan | collection of Early Travels in Palestine,' (Wood's Fast.,' i. 105), under which name 1848. I can find no record of a ninth he occurs in S. P. Dom. Add. Eliz.,' edition. ARCHIBALD SPARKE. xi. 45, in which paper he is supposed to be in Herefordshire, but had probably already fled to Louvain. JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

out of a coronet a lion sejant. Arms : Le Roux de Lincy in 'Le Livre des ProArgent, between three griffins segreant a bar verbes Français,' second edition, 1859, indented, and inscription to John Holder, vol. ii. p. 66, writes of them as "heretics of Esq., died Mar. 22, 1724, aged 31. He was the sect of the Vaudois," and gives, apparprobably the missing father. The above ently as quoted by Ducange, s.v., Turcoat is apparently that of a family in Cam- lupini," an ancient verse chronicle:bridgeshire, whose pedigree was in the L'an MCCCLXXII'je vous dis tout pour voir 'Visitation' of 1619. The first immigrants Furent les Turlupins condamnés à ardoir. seem to have been Melatia Holder, who He also gives the proverb, "Enfant de became agent for the island in Londom, Turlupin, malheureux de nature." He says where he d. in 1706 s.p.m. Will [147 Eedes]. nothing about any indecent practices. John Holder (I think his brother) was of St. Joseph's parish in 1666, owner of 400 acres in 1673, will recorded in the island office in 1684. These local wills I have not seen. V. L. OLIVER, F.S.A.

Sunninghill.

THE TURLUPINS (TURBULINES) (12 S. viii. 90). Possibly this is a late variation of Turlupins of whom T. Williams in A Dictionary of All Religions,' third London edition, date of preface, 1823, writes :

"A sect of enthusiasts, which appeared about the year 1372, in Savoy and Dauphiny. They taught, that when a man is arrived at a certain state of perfection, he is freed from all subjection to the divine law, which we call Antinomianism. John Debantonne was the author of this denomination. Some think they were called Turlupins, because they usually abode in desolate places, exposed to wolves, lupi."

'A New General English Dictionary begun by Thomas Dyche, finished by William Pardon, tenth edition, 1758, gives a very similar account of their tenets, adding that they held

Lendais (quoted above) says that the Turlepins were also called Bégards Boyer in his 'Dictionnaire François-Anglois,' 1748, says that they were called also "Fraticelli." Bégards according to Landais. were sectaries, partisans of an extreme perfection who later permitted all excesses.

The Turlupins were very possibly much the same in their tenets and practices as the Vaudois and the Fraticelli. Bayle in his. translation, Dictionary - English 1710, p. 1360-gives stories of the Fraticelli attributing to them worse excesses than those told of the Turlupins, but at the same time an illustrious Protestant quotes (Du Plessis) who denies that the Fraticelli were guilty of enormities. Apparently they were very active heretics. ROBERT PIERPOINT.

66

In his Hussite Wars' (p. 117), Count Lützow states that the direct fore-runners of the Adamites were the "so-called Turin France. He shows that the

lupins Turlupin doctrines passed to Austria, thence to Bohemia, early in the fourteenth century. Opponents of the Hussites purposely conThat God was to be applied to only by fused them with the Adamites, but the grim mental prayer. They practised the most obscene matters in publick, and went naked both general, Jan Zizka, destroyed a number of men and women, and yet to recommend them- the former near Tabor. selves, they pretended to extraordinary degrees the Hussite stronghold Tabor, with the of spirituality and devotion. They called them-baptismal pond Jordan," and the pretty selves the fraternity of the poor; Dauphiny and valley of the Luzhnitsa, where these misSavoy were the principal places they appeared in, guided folk tried to establish a “garden of whence by a severe punishment they were also Eden." FRANCIS P. MARCHANT. quickly extirpated."

Landais in his Grand Dictionnaire,' fourteenth edition, 1862, in the complément says that the Turlupins issued from the Vaudois of the Dauphiné, and were mostly to be found in the Netherlands. Under the orders of Charles V. of France most of those in France were burnt.

According to the 'Dictionnaire des Dates, 1845, the sect was excommunicated by Pope Gregory XI. in 1372.

Landais quotes the proverb "Malheureux comme turlupins."

66

The writer knows

LEIGH HUNT (12 S. viii. 91).—The 'Dirge does not appear in the later (3 vol.) edition (1901-3) of 'Chambers's Cyclopædia of English Literature.'

H. M. CHARTERS MACPHERSON.
Oxford and Cambridge Club, Pall Mall, S.W.1.
AUTHOR OF QUOTATION WANTED.-
(12 S. viii. 91.)

In reply to L.H.P., the first quotation "My
hold of the colonies," &c.-is from Burke's famous
speech on the American question.
worth study to-day

It is well
G. A. H. SAMUEL, Cadet Major (ret.).

are to be found, ranged in chronological order, specimens of the work of poets belonging to five dynasties and covering a period of about four hundred years (A.D. 820-c. 1220).

The poems fall into four main types of which the ghazal and the quatrain will probably awake old echoes in most readers' minds. A certain number of the latter-love poems and mystical pieces are not merely interesting, but beautiful and worth making a permanent possession. Dr. Nicholson's renderings are deft and happybest perhaps, in epigram, but meritorious also in longer pieces by a certain slight but well-calculated aloofness from the tone of ordinary English verse, echoing, thus, as nearly as is possible, the original untranslatable tone. In general, the level of the work as poetry is not actually of the highest, and Dr. Nicholson, to make the account true and complete, has included some examples of worthless and fulsome panegyric. The qasida--the form of verse largely employed for panegyricis, in its rhyming system, of a hopeless difficulty in English. The opening couplet rhymes and this rhyme has to be repeated at the end of the second hemistich of each succeeding couplet throughout the poem. Dr. Nicholson has contrived to give a short English illustration.

A work of greater interest both as to matter and as to form is dealt with in the second chapter on the Meditations' of Ma'arrí. Ma'arrí himself, whether he kindle indignation or sympathy, arrests the imagination. Blind from his childhood, as a consequence of small-pox, he spent the first years of his youth in strenuous study in the chief towns of Syria, and the next fifteen years in work and poverty at Ma'arra, his native town. Then, having made such a reputation for learning as would ensure his honourable reception in the great city, he journeyed to Baghdad to try his fortune there. He met with praise, indeed, but with so little support that after a sojourn of but eighteen months, he returned to Syria-bitter at heart, and having his bent towards pessimism confirmed by the rankling of injured pride. For about fifty years he lived in retirement, but a retirement in which he not only worked out his great poem the Luzúmiyyát,' but likewise dictated many works on learned subjects and taught a throng of scholars.

DR. NICHOLSON, in his Preface, tells us that these Studies, written during the war, grew out of a wish to impart some tnings he had enjoyed in Arabic and Persian not only to fellow-students but also to others who, without being specialists, are interested in the literature and philosophy of the East. We should like to extend the range of his appeal. His work, we hope, will serve to arouse interest in readers to whom Arabic and Persian literature have so far been a closed book. When one considers how old, and widely ramified, and deep-penetrating. is the connection between England and the East it is curious how little present to the ordinary cultivated Englishman are Eastern letters and Eastern thought. Their existence, just beyond his visible horizon, is known but they cannot be said in more than a few cases even to form an indistinct background upon any quarter of it. This is doubly to be regretted-first, because whatever is not thus within the horizon of the average educated person, will fail to be really operative in national opinion and action; and secondly, because Oriental literature illustrates the human spirit in a manner that we cannot properly afford to ignore, whether Dr. Nicholson gives a detailed and lucid account we seek letters for enjoyment or for instruction. of the metres used in the Luzúmiyyát.' IllusTo those who either know nothing of the subject,tration of these in English cannot be attempted so or whose ideas upon it have been merely filtered far as rhyme is concerned, but, rhyme being abanto them through Western romantic versions of doned, we are supplied with examples of the Eastern story in verse or prose, this book may schemes of the four principal metres in English, be emphatically recommended. and also what is still better for the purpose, since the metres are quantitative-in Latin.

The first chapter is a study of the most ancient literary compilation in Persian, the 'Lubáb ' of Muhammad 'Awfí, of which the text, edited by Prof. Browne, was published in 1903-1906. The compiler flourished in the latter half of the twelfth century-appearing to us but a vague figure, yet of true Oriental lineaments. from Bukhara, lived as a wandering scholar, and travelling into India played his part at the courts of Nasiru' ddin Qubácha of Sind, and then of Iltatmish.

He came

The Lubáb' is valuable almost solely as an anthology-though it contains also notices and panegyrics of poets, and what the writer intended should count as history and biography.

As an

He gives 332 excerpts from the work, some in unrhymed verse of the form of the original, others in ordinary English metres rhymed or unrhymed. Here, again, he is to be congratulated on having achieved considerable success. Ma'arrí, in these versions, we speak of the cumulative impression made by a careful reading of all that is given here-appears in a sufficiently true reflection of himself, as a poet, but a poet whose depth of thought and amazing skill lack the last touch of genius which fuses and irradiates; as a thinker,. but one whose pre-occupation with poetry of great technical difficulty, has deflected his mind from the highest or central way of pure philo