LONDON COACHING AND CARRIERS' INNS on IN 1732 (12 S. viii. 61).-With reference to the carriers from Blossoms Inn, Lawrence Lane, referred to at ante, p. 62, I see that MR. DE CASTRO translates Stopport as "Southport. I hardly think that this can be correct, seeing that the site of Southport, in those days, was merely a sweep of barren sandhills.

Having regard to the fact that the carriers on the same day accepted goods for Manchester and Sandbach, it seems to me that, from the geographical point of view, "Stopport" is obviously Stockport.

"TO OUTRUN THE CONSTABLE

Almanac' for 1750 among items of Christmas fare. There is a recipe in Mrs. Frazer's viii. 29, 58, 97). The reference to Ray's (12 S. "Cookery Book,' 1791. Plum-pudding is Proverbs,' 2nd edition, 1678, at the last mentioned in The Tatler. reference is incorrect. found on p. 236 of that edition with the exThe proverb is to be planation: "To spend more than one's allowance or income.

It may be of interest to note that both plum-broth and mince pies were distasteful to Quakers and Puritans. C. G. N.

STONEHENGE (12 S. viii. 71).—This belief as to the origin of Stonehenge is expressed in Geoffrey of Monmouth's 'History of the Britons' (temp. Stephen).

Inigo Jones was commissioned by James I. to examine and report on Stonehenge. His conclusion was that the masses of stone were the remains of a Roman Temple.

DE V. PAYEN-PAYNE.

THE TRAGEDY OF NEW ENGLAND (12 S. vii. 446, 493; viii. 16).—A short note to the ballad Cassandra Southwick' by Whittier the American poet appears in a new edition of his works published in England in 1861. It is therein stated that:—

Upon this incident Whittier's ballad was founded. Z.

"The son and daughter of Laurence Southwick C. G. N. were fined £10 each for non-attendance at Church There is no mystery about John Speed. Boston issued an order which may still be seen which they were unable to pay. The Court at He was born in Cheshire about 1555, and on the Court Records bearing the signature of devoted himself to the study of English Edward Rawson the Secretary by which the History and antiquities. Having no truck Treasurer of the County was empowered to sell with Geoffrey of Monmouth and other the said persons to any of the English Nation at fabulists, he commenced at once with solid Virginia or Barbadoes to answer the said fines. and rational matter, as has been said of him.execution, but no shipmaster was found willing An attempt was made to carry this order into The map referred to by your correspondent to convey them to the West Indies. Vide Sewell's is no doubt a copy of the map of Wiltshire History, pp. 225-6." in Speed's 'Theatre of the Empire of Great Britain' having Stonehenge engraved in a corner, with the inscription quoted by Mr. BRADBURY, beneath it. Speed wrote further a 'History of Britain,' 1614, in which he again takes up the problem of Stonehenge. He died in 1629, and while he probably settled the matter to his own satisfaction, it seems to have been done after timely deliberation and thought-by Speed, (Mr. BRADBURY began the play on the word) yet without haste. His son John Speed, M.A., M.D. wrote 'Stonehenge, a Pastoral,' which was acted at St. John's College, Oxford, but seems not to have been printed. Can it be said that, with its bibliography of thousand volumes, there was ever a popular belief in regard to the origin of Stonehenge? See 'Stonehenge and its Barrows,' by Wm. Long, F.S.A., 1876, Devizes, &c.

WIDEAWAKE HATS (12 S. vii. 28, 157, 171, 198, 214, 238, 316).-The following paragraph is from p. 41 of Paul Periwinkle or the Pressgang,' by the author of Cavendish' (W. Johnson Neale), published 1841, and carries the origin of the phrase to an earlier date than any yet given in 'N. & Q.':

"Jonathan replied that his hat was like himself-wide awake, and that he held it on a tenure somewhat similar to that by which the Lombard kings did their iron crowns.' J. B.

Croydon. some

J. L. ANDERSON.

This map appeared in John Speed's Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine,' first edition, 1611. The quotation is incomplete and not quite accurate. A very useful handbook, Stonehenge To-day and Yesterday,' has been written by Mr. Frank Stevens, Curator of the Salisbury Museum, and published, 1916, by Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Ltd.

EMERSON'S ENGLISH TRAITS' (12 S. vi. 9, 228).-At No. 22 of the first reference the words attributed to Nelson are from his description of "a brush with the enemy before the fortress of Bastia on the N.E. coast of Corsica, in the year 1794.

"A thousand men would certainly take Bastia ; with five hundred and Agamemnon I would attempt it. My seamen are now what British seamen ought to be, almost invincible. They really mind shot no more than peas." Southey: 'Life of Nelson,' chapter iii.

No. 11, at the second reference,

of

Jamblichus, who are stable in their manners, and "The English are those barbarians firmly continue to employ the same words, which

τοὺς λόγους αὐτοῖς προσφέρουσι κεχαρισμένους. The Burford Records : a Study in Minor Tourn Iamblichus is discussing the rites of the barbarian, that is non-Hellenic, nations of the Egyptians, Assyrians, and Persians; especially the Egyptians. EDWARD BENSLY.

at a distance, the Burgesses gradually took a in P.C.C.-in which he is made a trustee for keepgreater and greater share in the affairs of the ing in repair the Tanfield tomb. His connection, town, being "confronted with no very strict therefore, with Burford and the Priory is fairly assertion of the manorial supremacy." When obvious. Simon Wisdom, the greatest figure in the manor passed into the hands of the Crown the the history of the town and corporation is not Royal tenure of it led them to suppose that their met with, says the author, in the annals at an position was independent of intermediate lordship earlier date than 1530. Mr. Gretton thinks it as a fully chartered borough held at fee farm likely that he came of a family of substance from the Crown. The liberties, privileges and living elsewhere. Oxfordshire wills show that franchises were held by the Crown simply as lord the Wisdoms were established before that time of the manor, and were alienated by purchase both at Church Enstone and at Shipton-underin 1617 to Sir Lawrence Tanfield. At the Wychwood. There is no reason to doubt that instigation of the new, grasping, and powerful Simon was of the same family. One last point, lord he was Chief Baron of the Exchequer the Why did not Mr. Gretton print at least extracts Burgesses were put upon their defence in the from Christopher Kempster's day-book or diary Court of Exchequer by a writ of Quo Warranto which is now in the possession of a former tenant within two years of Tanfield's purchase. The of Kempster's house at Upton Quarries? KempBurgesses' case collapsed like a house of cards, ster was one of the masons of St. Paul's Cathedral, and the position of Burford as resembling that as a monument in Burford Church recalls (ee of the great free boroughs came to an end. The some interesting correspondence on this subject in answer of Oxford to the appeal of the Burgesses The Times Literary Supplement in Feb. and March. as to how Oxford held its similar privileges shows, 1919). The diary is of interest as showing how the as the author points out, the whole difference stone from Upton Quarries was conveyed to between the position of Oxford and that of London. Mr. Gretton identifies the quarries Burford. Oxford replied that they had the which the Kempsters owned for nearly two rights in question as part of that wee hould by hundred years with a freestone quarry mentioned fee farme and for which wee pay the same.' in a Manorial Account Roll of 1435-6, and there The Burgesses of Burford had never paid any called Whiteladies Quarry, probably a corruption rent for the sources of profit which they had taken of Whiteslate which occurs elsewhere in the into their hands, and obviously therefore had no records. right to them.

66

Mr. Gretton notes that a few of the local Mr. Gretton traces the history of the Corpora- records have no traceable connection with Burtion in the period of decline which followed, when ford at all. One of these is of interest, as everyit continued in being principally by reason of its thing concerned with the magic name of Shakeadministration of certain charities. The final speare must be. It is an indenture of sale (1664) collapse came in 1861 when, after a period of by Thomas Greene the elder and Thomas Greene general mal-administration of these charities, it the younger, of Packwood, co. Warwick, to Ann was extinguished by a schedule of an Act of Shackspeare of Meriden, same county, widow, of Parliament, surely the depth of insignificance the remainder of a lease of 99 years of a cottage to be abolished by a schedule." in Old Fillongly, and 25 acres of land belonging, called Cotters Lands, which Thomas Greene held of Adrian Shackspere, late of Meriden, by indenture dated 1. 12. 1631; also assignment by the said Ann Shackspeare to Thomas Shackspeare, gentleman, her son. Adrian Shakespere witnesses by mark. How were these related to the poet's family, and how came these papers among the Burford records?

There are one or two minor unsolved mysteries about Burford which confront us as we read these fascinating pages, small points but in teresting to the antiquary and the student of the town. One is the fine decorated altar tomb in the south transept of the church, from which all the inscription has perished save the name "Willelmus." That the person buried there was a merchant and connected with the family of Hastings is shown from the fact that the arms include a merchant's mark and the Hastings maunch. A branch of the Daylesford family lived at Burford as is proved from the records printed by Mr. Gretton, including a grant in 1648 from George Hastings of "Dalford to Wm. Sessions. The family of Sessions of Churchill and Burford married into that of Hastings of Daylesford, as shown in the Heralds' Visitations, and possibly a study of the Hastings pedigree might reveal who was the probable occupant of this tomb.

The connection of William Lenthall, the Speaker of the Long Parliament, with Burford before he bought the Priory in 1637, is another interesting point in local history. Mr. Gretton notes that it must have begun before that date, for in 1626 William his second son was baptized in Burford Church. The author in company with other writers on Burford seems to have missed the fact that William Lenthall was a nephew (? by

REVISED

EDITION OF LIDDELL AND SCOTT'S GREEK ENGLISH LEXICON. THE need for a revision of Liddell and Scott's Greek Lexicon has long been appreciated by the Delegates of the Press. The discovery, since the last substantial revision of the Lexicon, of the 'Constitution of Athens,' the poems of Bacchylides, the mimes of Herodas, and a large number of fragments of classical literature, both from the works of authors such as Hesiod, Pindar, Sappho, Alcaeus, and Callimachus, and from those of other writers who were previously little more than names to us, has added a considerable number of new words and early examples or new uses of known words. The study of the numerous non-literary papyri has immensely widened our knowledge of Hellenistic Greek, besides introducing us to a new technical vocabulary in con

some years and as the Lexicon in spite of the Roman Egypt. During the same period the discovery of fresh inscriptions and the correction economies above mentioned will, it is estimated, of the text of those already known has been somewhat exceed the present number of pages, constant: the science of Comparative Philology the Delegates contemplate publishing the work has been transformed and the history of the Greek in not more than ten parts of about 200 pages, which will be issued to subscribers, through a language more fully explored. Subscribers will bookseller, at 10s. 6d. per part. be offered the alternative of compounding for a payment, on the publication of the first part, of 4 guineas for the whole work. The parts will be issued in wrappers like those of the New English Dictionary.

ren

In October. 1911, Mr. Henry Stuart Jones was appointed Editor. The appointment was dered possible by the co-operation of the governing body of Trinity College, which elected Mr. Stuart Jones to a Research Fellowship. Mr. Stuart Jones worked continuously on the revision of the Lexicon (with the exception of one year during which he was engaged on war work of national importance) from the date of his appointment until his election to the Camden Professorship of Ancient History at Oxford, which took As this made it imeffect on Jan. 1, 1920. possible for him to devote his whole time to editorial duties, the Delegates recently appointed Mr. Roderick McKenzie, M.A., of Trinity College, as Assistant Editor. Mr. Stuart Jones has had the assistance of several voluntary helpers, amongst whom special mention must be made of Mr. Herbert W. Greene, formerly Fellow of Magdalen College; Prof. Jouguet of Paris; Prof. Martin of Geneva; Mr. M. N. Tod, of Oriel College, University Reader in Greek Epigraphy, and Mr. J. U. Powell, of St. John's College. It was felt that in the more technical subjects the assistance of specialists was of the first importance, and the Editor has been fortunate in securing this in large measure.

Special mention

may be made of the services rendered (amongst others) by Sir W. Thiselton-Dver, K.C.M.G., F.R.S., in regard to Ancient Botany; by Sir Thomas L. Heath, K.C.B., F.R.S., who has contributed valuable studies of Greek mathematical terms and bv Mr. E. T. Withington, who has read the whole of the voluminous literature of

Greek Medicine. The technical vocabularies of the later systems of Greek philosophy-Epi-. curean, Stoic, and Neo-Platonic-have also been handled by experts, including Mr. J. L. Stocks, Prof. A. C. Pearson, and Prof. A. E. Taylor. Mr. W. D. Ross, with assistance from others engaged on the Oxford translation of Aristotle, has dealt with the vocabulary of the Aristotelian commentators. These names are far from exhausting the list of those who have rendered services to the revision of the Lexicon, which will in due course be acknowledged.

A new system of reference has been adopted which, while more condensed than the old, will, as the Delegates believe, be found to be at least as clear, and the scope of the Lexicon has been restricted to classical Greek Literature down to the period of Justinian. Thus the words cited by Liddell and Scott from late or ecclesiastical writers, whether by name or by means of the The symbols Eccl. or Byz., have been omitted. fact that a comprehensive Lexicon of Patristic Greek is in preparation has been thought to

justify the omission of references to Early

Christian Literature. Further economy of space has been effected by the omission of obsolete Comparative Philology and conjectural etymology.

The task of revision is now approaching its final stage, and it is hoped at an early date to begin the printing. As this must be the work of

It will readily be understood that the price is not adequate, even if a large number of copies are sold on publication, to defray more than a part of the very heavy outlay, which from first to last will probably approach £20,000. It is therefore hoped that all lovers of Greek studies will give the Delegates such support as they are able. (Oxford University Press: London, Humphrey Milford.)

Notices to Correspondents.

EDITORIAL Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries '"-Adver"The Pubtisements and Business Letters to lishers" at the Office, Printing House Square, London, E.C.4.; corrected proofs to the Athenæum Press, 11 and 13 Bream's Buildings, E.C.4.

ALL communications intended for insertion in our columns should bear the name and address of the sender-not necessarily for publication, but a guarantee of good faith.

IT is requested that each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he

wishes to appear.

WHEN answering a query, or referring to an article which has already appeared, correspondents to give within parenthesesare requested immediately after the exact heading the numbers of the series, volume, and page at which the contribution in question is to be found.

CORRESPONDENTS repeating queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate."

GENERAL INDEX

ELEVENTH SERIES.

The above volume is now ready, and copies are available bound in cloth to match Publisher's Covers for the Eleventh Series, at £1 18. net, or, if preferred, unbound at 188. 6d. net.

Copies, if desired, may be had direct from The Publisher, 'Notes and Queries,' Printing House Square, London, E. C.4, at the prices quoted above, post free, or direct through any Bookseller.