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It is well-known to stude
Norman that Gaimar's 'Este
ends with the death of Wa
that in the Royal MS. of t
is appended to it a long er
are given some particulars
under which Gaimar come
and of the sources he used
Though found only in a e
MS. and though not all
appear to be supported by 1
version found in the two
Durham and Lincoln respe
Hereld's College-the fon
contains no trace of an
generally been accepted a-
question of Gaimar's auth
probable from internal ev
more satisfactorily dete
possible to identify convi

Raul le fiz Gilebert dame Custance," his reference is made in the. this problem of identity discuss here.

The close acquaintaner topography shown on 1. the Estoire" and the in East Anglian tradin Edmund, Hereward, & general assumption the lived in that part of the this as starting point have endeavoured to patron. Apparently li

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libam & quieta ab oibz servicijs esse annuims alia vo ps solumodo dni nri Reg' solvet & duor: houm servicia in autupno ad singlas p'ces nras. Hijs Test' Philipp' gen'o nro cu Isabel ux'e sua & Peto & Rad' filior: eiusd Philipp' & alijs. Rogavims p caritate dei & impetravims ab pfatis fribz nris ut audito obitu nro & Philippi gen'i nri & ux'is eis Isabel & hedes nri faciant serviciu p aiabz nris sicut p aiabz specialiu frm

& sororum."

The priory, originally founded at Portchester by Henry I, was removed to Southwick between 1145-53, after which date the above grant must have been made; since, however, the grant was confirmed between 1170 and 1180 by Pope Alexander III, together with that of the ecclesiam de Portseia (granted by Baldwin de Portseia c. 1170), of the ecclesiam de Nuthlia, and of a house in Winchester, the above charter must be earlier. If, as I think probable, the entry, under Hampshire, of the Pipe Roll of 13 Henry II.' is to be read: [m: besseta Rad redd comp de dim m; then Ralf fitz Gilbert still had property there in 1167 and the date of his grant to Southwick is very probably to be ascribed to c. 1170.

It is now time to consider the remaining references to Ralf fitz Gilbert in Hampshire. In this same Pipe Roll of 13 Henry II. there is also the following entry under Hampshire: Eslega Rad redd comp de dim m, and we learn from the Placit. Abbrev. of 10 John (p. 69) that this was "Radulphus filius Gileberti," and that he held of William de Venuz, who was lord of the manor of Empshott, among other places, in the second half of the twelfth century. Moreover "Hugo filius Radulphi " (of Eastleigh) bought land from John de Venuz, c. 1220 according to V. C. H., Hants (vol. iii, sub Eastleigh) where a reference, which I have been unable to control, is given to Pedes Finium 3 and 4 Henry III.'; since William de Venuz was contemporary with Ralf fitz Gilbert and since John de Venuz was his grandson, it is probable that “ Hugo filius Radulphi stood in the same relationship to Ralf fitz Gilbert. At any rate it seems fairly certain that Ralf of Empshott and Ralf of Eastleigh are one and the same person and it is, it seems to me, probable that this Hampshire Fitz Gilbert is identical with the founder of Markby Priory who, as we learn from Placit. Abbrev.' 7 John (p. 46) and 9-10 John (p. 58), had a son Ralf and a grandson Hugh, who, to judge by an entry in the Rotuli Hugonis de Welles (Lincoln Record Society,' vol. iii, p. 202), was still interested in Markby

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This Ralf fitz Gilbert appears to have been a brother of Robert fitz Gilbert of Legbourne (Lincs.)—though the evidence does not seem altogether satisfactory-whose family (for an account of which cf. Lincolnshire Notes and Queries, vols. vi. and xii.) held extensively of the Earls of Chester. It is noteworthy in this connection that Gaimar has special references to this family and to one at least of its traditions. Further was undoubtedly familiar with the country stretching between Reading and Southampton, e.g., he chooses Portsmouth as the scene of a fictitious battle recorded by him, and preserves an account of an English retreat before the Danes up the Loddon valley by Twyford and Whistley. There is then no difficulty in the way of identifying the " "Raul le fiz Gilebert and dame Custance fitz Gilbert and Constance of Empshott, of the epilogue with the Ralf but is the genealogical evidence sufficient, at present, to warrant the further assumption that this Hampshire Fitz Gilbert is the same as the founder of Markby Priory-an

66

identity which would do much, if substantiated, to determine the authenticity of the It is on this account that I epilogue? hesitate to press the evidence too far, though more competent students than myself may be able to strengthen the claim of identity from the genealogical side.

ALEXANDER BELL. 46 All Saints Road, Peterborough.

·

ERRORS IN CARLYLE'S FRENCH REVOLUTION.'-A writer in last year's August number of L'Intermédiaire, under the heading

Erreurs dans Carlyle,' has indicated two oversights in this book. As neither of them. draws a comment in the annotated edition of Prof. J. H. Rose or that of Mr. C. R. L. Fletcher, readers of the French Revolution may care to note the corrections, even if, remembering Mr. Oscar Browning's essay on The Flight to Varennes,' they are proof against any surprise at the inaccuracy of Carlyle's picturesque details.

1. In vol. i., Bk. III., chap. 6, "fascinating indispensable Madame de Buffon," mistress of the Duke of Orleans, is described as the "light wife of a great Naturalist much too old for her." Yet in his description o Egalité on his way to the guillotine (vol iii., Bk. V., chap. 2), when, as the procession stops at the quondam Palais Royal, "Dame de Buffon, it is said, looked out on him,

to Montgaillard, i.e., the Abbé Montgaillard's and engraved by J. Sutherland. Other Histoire de France.' This being looked prints were published by I. Hervey of Fore up is found to describe how "la femme Street, Sidmouth, and drawn by C. F. Buffon, maîtresse en titre du prince, épouse Williams. The aviaries, &c., have disdu fils de l'illustre Buffon....contemple appeared, but this seems to be an interesting froidement la victime allant à l'échafaud." hostelry, of which too little has been JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

2. In vol ii., Bk. I., chap. 2, the French recorded. word for the Charter-Chests is given as Chartiers, instead of Chartriers. This may be a mere misprint, but we surely owe it to the estimable wife of "le Pline français that she should no longer be pilloried at the window as a Jezebel, but yield this place of dishonour to her daughter-in-law.

EDWARD BENSLY.

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NOTE то WORDSWORTH'S 'PRELUDE,' BK. v. 26.-Turning over the pages of vol. iii. of Knight's edition of Wordsworth I came across an admission on the editor's part that he could not trace the quotation in the line:

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IN AN ESSEX WORKHOUSE. "Those who knew that charming man, Joseph Hatton, will be sorry to read this sad note in The Athenæum. In an Essex workhouse has just died Joshua Hatton, brother of the late editor of The People, and himself not only a journalist of great experience and mark, but also a poet who had the kindly opinion of Tennyson. It was Hatton to whose misfortunes attention was drawn in this column some months since. of his death was still hoping that the materials Hatton was seventy years old, and at the time for his fifth volume of verse would see the light. There may be work of value among them: we trust at least they may be carefully examined by competent hands.'" DE V. PAYEN-PAYNE.

49 Nevern Square, S.W.

THE KNOWLE HOTEL, SIDMOUTH, was opened as such in August, 1882. It had originally been built by Sir Thomas Stapleton, sixteenth Lord Le Despencer, in 1810, as Knowle Cottage, and I am told that when THE SITE OF THE BOSTON TEA PARTY.the Duke and Duchess of Kent arrived at Readers of Mr. Lucas's letters to The Times, Woolbrook Cottage, Sidmouth, on Christmas last autumn, 'From an American Note Eve, 1819, with the baby Princess Victoria, Book,' will recall the statements that he it had already become something of a show-could find no one to direct him to the place place. Later on, at any rate, the aviaries and the small collection of animals and the where, in December 1773, three cargoes of tea on British ships were thrown overboard sub-tropical plants were well known. On Nov. 20, 1823, John Wallis, of the Royal by citizens of Boston, as a protest against Marine Library, Sidmouth, published a series of coloured prints of Knowle Cottage, which was then in the possession of T. L. Fish, Esq. These were drawn by J. Fidler,

taxation:-
:-

wharf after wharf; but there was
"I found the harbour [he writes]; I traversed
no visible
record of the most momentous act of jettison
since Jonah.'

Such a record, however, does exist, and has existed since December 1893 when a bronze tablet was placed by the Massachusetts Society, Sons of the Revolution, on a building at the corner of Atlantic Avenue and Pearl Street-the actual site of Griffins Wharf,' long since reclaimed from the harbour and now effectually cut off by the elevated railway and opposite line of high warehouses.

The tablet shows a sailing ship of the period and below it, within an appropriate border of tea leaves, runs the following inscription :

Here formerly stood

GRIFFINS WHARF,

at which lay moored on Dec. 16, 1773, three
British ships with cargoes of tea.
To defeat King George's trivial but tyrannical
tax of three pence a pound

about ninety citizens of Boston, partly disguised
as Indians, boarded the ships,
threw the cargoes, three hundred and forty-two
chests in all, into the sea,

and made the world ring with the patriotic
exploit of the

BOSTON TEA PARTY.

No! ne'er was mingled such a draught,
In palace, hall, or arbor,

As freemen brewed and tyrants quaffed
That night in Boston harbor.
HUGH HARTING.

46 Grey Coat Gardens, S.W.

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"He was born in Worcestershire hard by Barbon-bridge half a mile from Worcester, in the parish of St. John, Mr. Hill thinkes, who went to schoole with him."

66

son

This Mr. Hill, as is seen from other references to him in the Brief Lives,' was the Rev. Richard Hill, incumbent of Stretton in from Balliol College in July 1634 as Herefordshire. He matriculated at Oxford of James, of Upton-on-Severn, co. Worc., pleb., aged 17." In the register of boys elected to King's scholarship, at the King's School, Worcester ('Worc. Cath. Mun.' A. xxi, printed in Mr. A. F. Leach's 'Early Education in Worcestershire') there occurs

the name of Richard Hill under the date November 1626. Thus the identification of who went to school with Butler appears this Richard Hill with Aubrey's Mr. Hill certain.

Butler, who was baptized in February 1612-13, would be Hill's senior by about four years, and probably left the school soon after Hill entered it. Butler's name is not found in this register because he was never elected to a King's scholarship. This fact gives point to Aubrey's statement that

his father was a man but of slender fortune, and to breed him at schoole was as much educa

tion as he was able to reach to....He never was at the university for the reason alledged.”

C. V. HANCOCK.

Queries.

THE SCHOOL OF SAMUEL BUTLER.-Though Aubrey says that Samuel Butler, author of Hudibras,' went to school at Worcester, and tradition has it that he was educated at the King's School in that city under Henry Bright, one of the most celebrated schoolmasters of that age, many later writers have disagreed as to the identity of Butler's school, either assigning him to the Worcester formation on family matters of only private interest WE must request correspondents desiring inRoyal Grammar School (known previously to affix their names and addresses to their queries as the Free School, or Queen Elizabeth's in order that answers may be sent to them direct. Grammar School), or questioning whether he was educated at Worcester at all. Car

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lisle in his Endowed Schools' places Butler "at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Worcester,' and is followed by the writer in the 'D.N.B.' Chambers in his 'Biographical Illustrations of Worcestershire,' writing of Lord Somers, says :

"I am not acquainted that any register is in existence to give to any school in this city the honour of educating Butler or Somers." However, as far as Butler is concerned, such a register does exist, which, though it does not actually contain Butler's name, confirms the tradition that he was educated at the

VANESSA. DR. ELRINGTON BALL'S note on Swift's verse (p. 1) brings to mind a point which has often puzzled me. How did the German naturalist Johann Christian Faber or Fabricius (1745-1808), pupil of and collaborateur with the Swedish naturalist Carle von Linné, better known as Linnæus (1707-1778), come to designate a genus of butterflies as Vanessa, Linnæus adding the specific names? The British representatives of this species are the most brilliant of our native butterflies, viz., the Red Admiral, the Peacock, the Camberwell Beauty, the Large and Small Tortoiseshells

get hold of the name Vanessa, which was coined as a cryptonym for Esther Vanhomrigh to match his own anagram of Cadenus for Decanus ?

Swift's poem 'Cadenus and Vanessa was written in 1713, but not published till 1727. Swift died in 1745, the year of Fabricius's birth, and it was not until 1767 that Fabricius paid his first visit to England. Unlike Linnæus, he was a fluent linguist, and was much in the company of Sir Joseph Banks and other entomologists. It would be interesting to know by what happy accident he hit upon the name Vanessa for the beautiful insects that now bear it.

Monreith.

HERBERT MAXWELL.

THOMAS CHATTERTON. According to Gregory (Life of Chatterton, 1803, p. 70), who apparently quotes the Coroner, Chatterton "swallowed arsenic in water, on Aug. 24, 1770, and died in consequence thereof the next day." The italics are mine. The Coroner had been interviewed by Sir Herbert Croft, it will be remembered, and Gregory's version of the inquest was the accepted one, and has been copied by Chatterton's later biographers. The phrase, "the next day," deserves attention. If Chatterton died on the 25th, why is it said that he took poison on the 24th ? He returned to his room on the 24th, and his room was broken into "early in the morning' of the 25th (probably by Mrs. Angel's husband before leaving for his work). What justification was there for this forcible entry after so short & seclusion? Did Mrs. Angel suspect he had "flitted" in the night to avoid paying his rent? Again, how did she know that he had been without food for some days? Who had Chatterton's few belongings in the Brooke Street lodging?

If I have overlooked any books on Chatterton which discuss these points, I should be grateful to any of your correspondents who would give me their titles.

It may be interesting to students of Chatterton if I add that I have been examining the theory of his burial at Bristol, and while I agree with Masson's reason for disbelieving it, I would submit that the theory is also untenable from the fact that a study of the time-tables of the coaches of that period between Bristol and London shews that there would not have been time for an exchange of letters between Chatterton's friends in London and Bristol before the date of the recorded burial in Shoe

Lane workhouse graveyard, i.e., the 28th. Assuming that the burial took place as recorded, there remains the possibility of an application for disinterment of the body. Of that nothing is known. Yet Mrs. Ballance would surely have heard of it, and have spoken of it to Sir Herbert Croft. Failing. an authorized disinterment, there is the remoter possibility of "body-snatching.' That might have been managed by bribery, but it points to an expenditure of money and trouble in a dangerous transaction on the part of distant relations of Mrs. Chatterton that is unthinkable.

Might I say that on a recent visit to Brooke Street, I noted that No. 39 bears no inscription to the effect that it occupies the site of the house in which Chatterton

died. I suggest that the authorities who have done such good work in placing memorial tablets on London houses, might fittingly pay this simple tribute to Chatter

ton's memory. Brixton.

G. W. WRIGHT.

SUTHERLAND OF ACKERGILL.-Alexander Sutherland, a farmer of Ackergill, near Wick, married (name of wife sought) and had issue:-Henrietta, baptized, Feb. 21, 1730; Margaret, baptized, May 13, 1733; Alexander, baptized Feb. 15, 1736.

The second daughter, Margaret, married July 29, 1764 in New Kirk Parish, Edinburgh, John Baillie (Merchant in Edinburgh), son of Thomas Baillie (millwright, on the water of Leith), by his wife Helen Gordon.

I am anxious to trace the ancestry of Alexander Sutherland, and it has cccurred to me that, in view of of the fact that Ackergill is the property of Major Sir George DuffSutherland-Dunbar, Bart., the representative of the family of Sutherland of Duffus whose ancestor was Nicholas, 2nd son of Kenneth, 4th Earl of Sutherland, Alexander Sutherland may have been connected with that family.

The ancestry of Thomas Baillie is also desired. Was he connected with the Jerviswoode or Mellerstain Baillies?

JAMES SETON-ANDERSON. 39 Carlisle Road, Hove, Sussex.

JACK'S COFFEE HOUSE.-I have a thin copper token about 7 in. in diameter which JACK'S COFFEE HOUSE, reads on one side, 6d." on the other side, "RODNEY, 12th April, 1782." I shall be glad to know when, and where, it was issued.

WILLIAM GILBERT, F.R.N.S.

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