he entered the law office of his brother, Theodore, in Providence, where he studied for some time, as also later in Northampton, Mass. In 1778 he was admitted to the bar at Providence, R. I., and the following year received a commission as a justice of the peace. On the death of his father, the son, who was at that time twenty-three years of age, removed to Brookfield, and was chosen to fill his father's place in the constitutional convention of Massachusetts at that city. He continued to succeed his father in his different offices, being made justice of the peace for the county of Worcester in 1781, special justice of the court of common pleas in 1792, and also high sheriff of the county in that year. After being a member of each branch of the Massachusetts legislature, he was elected to congress as a federalist, and served from 1793 to 1799. In the latter year he was sent as a delegate to the state constitutional convention, and was also elected a member of the U. S. senate, where he remained from 1800 to 1803. From 1801 to 1811 Judge Foster was chief justice of the court of common pleas for Worcester county. In 1818 he was a member of the Massachusetts executive council. Judge Foster is described as having been mild and urbane in his manner, and of a large and commanding figure. In 1784 he received from Harvard the degree of A.M. Judge Foster died in Brookfield, Mass., Apr. 29, 1823.

SHEPLEY, Ether, senator and jurist, was born Nov. 2, 1789, at Groton, Mass., where his ancestor settled about 1700. The name was then Sheple. One of the family, Joseph, opposed the adoption of the federal constitution in 1788. Ether was graduated from Dartmouth in 1811, in the class with Amos Kendall, Joel Parker and Rev. Daniel Poor. He practiced law at Saco, Me., from 1814 to about 1821, and after that at Portland; was a member of the legislature in 1819, and of the state constitutional convention in 1820, and U. S. district attorney for Maine, 1821-33. He was in the senate as a democrat, 1833-36, and supported President Jackson's removal of the deposits; a judge of the state supreme court from 1836, and chief justice, 1848-55. Here his decisions filled twenty-six volumes of reports. On leaving this post he was made sole commissioner to revise the state statutes, which appeared in their new form in 1857. His degree of LL.D. was conferred by Waterville College in 1842, and by Dartmouth in 1845. He died at Portland, Me., Jan. 15, 1877.

SHEPLEY, John, elder brother of Ether Shepley, was born at Groton, Mass., Oct. 16, 1787. He studied for a time at Harvard, became a lawyer, and after some years' practice in Worcester county, Mass., entered into partnership with Ether, at Portland, in 1825. He was reporter of the Maine supreme court 1835-49, and died at Saco, Me., Feb. 9, 1857. STOCKTON, Richard, jurist and senator, was born near Princeton, N. J., Apr. 17, 1764. He was the son of Richard Stockton, signer of the declaration of independence. He was graduated from Princeton in 1779 in his sixteenth year, studied law under Elias Boudinot, and was admitted to the bar in 1784. In 1792 and 1801 he was a presidential elector, and in 1796 was elected unanimously to the U. S. senate to take the place of Frederick Frelinghuysen, resigned, serving until 1799, when he declined a re-election. He was sent to the lower house of congress in 1813, in which he became noted for his debate with Charles J. Ingersoll on free-trade and sailors' rights, again declining a reappointment at the close of his term in 1815. In 1825 he was appointed one of the New Jersey commissioners to negotiate the settlement of an important boundary question with New York, and wrote one of his most profound legal arguments, which accompanied the report of the commissioners.

Mr. Stockton, though eminent as a politician and statesman, was still more noted for his profound legal knowledge and his eloquence at the bar, which for more than a quarter of a century placed him at the head of the New Jersey profession. He died in Princeton March 7, 1828, leaving a princely fortune to his son, Robert Field Stockton, the noted naval officer, who afterward became a senator of the United States.

NORTH, William, senator and soldier, was born in Fort Frederick, Pemaquid, Me., in 1755. His father, Capt. John North, commanded Fort Frederick in 1751, and Fort St. George, Thomaston, Me., in 1758. At the age of twenty he entered the service of his country and served under Benedict Arnold in the expedition to Canada in 1775. Noted for courage and endurance, he was promoted captain in Jackson's Massachusetts regiment in 1777, and led his company at the battle of Monmouth, where he saw the splendid results of Baron Steuben's discipline upon the disorderly retreating forces of Gen. Lee. In 1779 he became aide to Baron Steuben who made him one of his sub-inspectors in introducing and perfecting his system of military tactics and discipline in the Continental army. North attended Steuben in the Virginia campaign and was present at the surrender of Cornwallis. He was appointed major in the 2d U. S. regiment, Oct. 20, 1786, and made adjutantgeneral of the army July 19, 1798, with the rank of brigadier-general. On June 10, 1800, he was mustered out, but was appointed adjutant-general in 1812, which he declined. He was once speaker of the New York assembly, and was appointed in the place of John Thomas Hobart, who resigned as U. S. senator from May 21, 1798 until March 3, 1799, where he became conspicuous as a federalist at a time when party feeling ran very high. He was one of the first canal commissioners of New York, and became a member of the Society of the Cincinnati. He had remained the steadfast friend of Baron Steuben, who bequeathed to him the bulk of his property. This he divided among his military companions, erected a simple monument over the baron's grave at his home near Utica, N. Y., which has many annual visitors. Gen. North died in New York city Jan. 3, 1836.

MASON, Jonathan, senator, was born in Boston, Mass., Aug. 30, 1752. He studied at Princeton College, whence he was graduated in 1774. He then entered the office cf John Adams, to study law. In 1877 he was admitted to the bar. Having been an eye-witness of the Boston Massacre, he delivered on March 5, 1730, before the authorities of Boston, the official oration on the tenth anniversary of that occurrence. He was frequently a member of the legislature and in 1798 was one of the governor's council. From 1800 to 1803 he filled a vacancy in the United States senate and was active in the debates in that body, particularly those on the repeal of the judiciary act of 1801. From 1817 to 1820 Mr. Mason was a member of the house of representatives, acting with the federalist party on all the political questions which marked the first term of President Monroe. He resigned before completing his second term. He was a lawyer of ability and held in high repute. Senator Mason died in Boston Nov. 1, 1831.

I. Mason

SMITH, Daniel, senator, was born in Fauquier county, Va., about 1740. He early emigrated to Cumberland Valley, Tenn., being one of its first set

tlers, and during the growth of the state he filled many important offices. During the revolution he was major-general of the militia, and in 1790 he was appointed by Gen. Washington secretary of the territory south of the Ohio river. He was a conspicuous member of the convention that framed the constitution of Tennessee, and U. S. senator from that state upon the resignation of Andrew Jackson, serving from 1798 till 1799. He was again senator from 1805 till 1809, when he resigned. He published a geography of Tennessee, with the first map of that state, at Philadelphia in 1799. He died in Sumner County June 16, 1818.

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Theodore Ledguuck

SEDGWICK, Theodore (1st), jurist and senator, was born in Hartford, Conn., in May, 1746. His father, Benjamin Sedgwick, a merchant, was descended from Gen. Robert Sedgwick, an Englishman, who settled in Charleston, Mass., in 1635. Theodore entered Yale, but after studying for a time in the class of 1765, was suspended for some boyish misdemeanor and did not return. He then began the study of divinity, but relinquished it for that of law and was admitted to the bar in 1766. He began practice in Great Barrington, Mass., and then removing to Sheffield, soon became distinguished, not only in his profession but in civil affairs, and was often sent to the legislature both of the province and the state. On the revolt of the colonies he took up his country's cause with great ardor, and entering the army, served on the staff of Gen. John Thomas in the expedition to Canada in 1776, and afterward acted unofficially, as commissary for the army. From 1785-86 he served in the Continental congress, and a year later took so important a part in putting down Shays's rebellion that his life was threatened, and his house at Stockbridge, already historic as the residence of his noted family, was attacked by the enraged insurgents, who were driven off. In 1788 he was speaker of the Massachusetts house, and also a member of the state convention, in which his ardent support of the new federal constitution contributed in a great measure to its ratification by that body. He was a representative in congress from Massachusetts in 1789-96, when he was elected to the U. S. senate, presiding over that body pro tempore in 1797, and closing his term of service in 1799. He was then returned to the house, serving until 1801, and acting as speaker during the latter term. In the national councils Mr. Sedgwick was a warm federalist, and active support er of Hamilton, Jay and other party leaders, of whom he was also an intimate associate. He was appointed judge of the supreme court of Massachusetts in 1802, holding office until his death, and was noted for the clearness of his judicial opinions. His chief service to his adopted state was procuring from the court in 1780 a decision that restored freedom to Elizabeth Freeman, the negro slave who had fled to Massachusetts for her liberty, and thus interpreted the Massachusetts constitution so as in effect to abolish slavery. Judge Sedgwick was a member of the Academy of Sciences, and received the degree of LL.D. from Princeton in 1799. He died in Boston, June 24, 1813, leaving a son of his own name, prominent at the Albany bar, and a daughter, Catharine Maria Sedgwick, who was a popular author of the time.

HENRY, John, senator, was born in Easton, Md., about 1750. He came from a family distinguished in public life. He was graduated from Princeton in 1769, was admitted to the bar and

opened a law office in his native town. In 1778 he was sent as delegate from Maryland to the Continental congress, in which he served until 1781, and again from 1784 till 1787. He was then elected senator to the U. S. congress under the constitution, serving from March 3, 1789, until Dec. 10, 1797, when he resigned upon being elected governor of the state. He was one of the members of congress who voted for locating the seat of government on the Potomac. He died at the close of his first year in office, in Easton, Dec. 16, 1798.

LIVERMORE, Samuel, senator, was born in Waltham, Mass., May 14, 1732. He was graduated from Princeton in 1752, was admitted to the bar two years later, and removing to Portsmouth, N. H., in 1758, began a successful practice there, which he was enabled to extend while he was a member of the general court of the province in 1768-70. He was also king's attorney in 1769, and, upon the change in the government, state's attorney for three years, subsequently becoming judge-advocate of admiralty. In the meantime he had become one of the original grantees and the chief proprietor of Holderness, N. H., which he made his home in 1775. He served in the Continental congress in 1780-82, when he resigned, but served again in 1785. In 1782 he was appointed chief justice of the state supreme court, holding office with distinction until 1789, serving also in 1788 in the convention that adopted the federal constitution. He was a member of the first and second congresses from New Hampshire in 1789-93, when he was elected U. S. senator in the latter year, serving as president pro tempore of that body in 1797 and 1799, and resigning at the close of his term in 1801. He died, after a lingering illness, at his home May 18, 1803.

DAVENPORT, Franklin, senator, was born in Philadelphia, Pa. He was well-educated, studied law, was admitted to the bar and began practice in Woodbury, N. J. Entering the revolutionary forces he served as captain of artillery in Col. New comb's brigade of New Jersey troops, and subsequently under Col. Smith in Fort Mifflin on the Delaware. He was presidential elector in 1793 and again in 1813 from New Jersey. During the whiskey insurrection in 1794, he was colonel, commanding the New Jersey line at Pittsburg. He was appointed the first surrogate of Gloucester county, and subsequently was appointed to the U. S. senate upon the resignation of John Rutherfurd, serving from Dec. 19, 1798, until March 3, 1799, when he was succeeded by James Schureman. He was then elected a representative in congress and served from Dec. 2, 1799, till March 3, 1801. He died in Woodbury, N. J., about 1829.

LAURANCE, John, senator, was born in Cornwall, Eng., in 1750. He came to New York in 1767, was admitted to the bar in 1772, and became distinguished in his profession. Entering into the patriotic spirit of those stirring times, in 1775 he was commissioned in the 1st New York regiment, of which Gen. Alexander Macdougall was then colonel, and on Oct. 6, 1777, was appointed aide-de-camp to Gen. Washington. Afterward he presided at the trial of Major John André as judge-advocate general. At the close of the war he resumed his practice, but was again carried into public life as a member of congress in 1785-86, but was not returned on account of the opposition created by his advocacy of the adoption of the new federal constitution. In 1789 he was sent to the state senate, and from there he went as the first member from New York to the first U. S. congress, in which he retained his seat until 1793. In 1790 he was appointed to the U. S. district court of New York, but resigned his seat on the bench upon being elected to the U. S. senate in 1796, retaining his seat until 1800, and presiding over that body in 1798. He was a zealous defender of his

country both in the field and in civil life. On all questions of public policy, especially on the commercial interests of the country, he evinced great comprehensiveness and foresight. He was the personal friend of both Washington and Hamilton. He married Elizabeth, the daughter of Gen. Alexander Macdougall, and afterward Elizabeth Livingston, of Philadelphia. He died November, 1810.

MASON, Stevens Thomson, senator, was born in Stafford county, Va., in 1760. He was the son of Thomson Mason, and his earliest American ancestor was George Mason, who emigrated from England, settled in Stafford county, Va., and died there in 1686. This George Mason was a royalist, who commanded a troop of horse under Charles II., with whom he escaped after the battle of Worcester, in the disguise of a peasant. Having brought over with him eighteen persons to the colony of Virginia, he received a grant of land which became the family estate. His sons and grandsons were all prominent personages in the history of Virginia. Stevens Thomson Mason was educated at William and Mary College, and on the outbreak of the revolutionary war volunteered his services and was an aide to Gen. Washington and was present at the siege of Yorktown. Afterward he became a general of militia. He was a member of the house of delegates of Virginia and of the state constitutional convention in 1788. On the establishment of the constitutional government, he was elected to the United States senate, in which body he served from Dec. 7, 1795, to March 3, 1803. Mason became seriously involved during his senatorial career, in connection with the Jay treaty, which was one of the most serious questions considered by the government of the United States during the first twenty-five years of its history. This treaty, negotiated by John Jay in 1794-95, was ratified in secret session by the smallest possible constitutional majority. It was forbidden by the senate that the treaty should be published, but Senator Mason did actually cause to be printed in a Philadelphia paper, the "Aurora," at first an abstract of the instrument and afterward a complete copy of it in all its details. This action created the greatest excitement between the two political parties, being applauded by the republicans and savagely attacked by the federalists. The provisions of the treaty, as soon as they were made public, aroused the greatest excitement among the people, who thought that the interests of the country were being sacrificed to an unworthy consideration for the claims of Great Britain. So great was the irritation caused by this treaty, that Alexander Hamilton, who was its strongest adherent and advocate, was actually assaulted at a public meeting in New York. The connection of Mason with the Jay treaty gave him his principal if not his only claim to the interest of posterity. Senator Mason was a warm personal friend of Thomas Jefferson, and his strong political ally during all the struggles which he experienced in his administration of the government. Personally, Senator Mason was also a most popular man, esteemed for his integrity and admired for his remarkable ability as an orator. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., May 10, 1803.

FOSTER, Theodore, senator, was born in Brookfield, Mass., Apr. 29, 1752. His father, Jedediah Foster, was a jurist of distinction and an active patriot of the revolution. After graduating from Brown in 1770, Theodore was admitted to the bar, and opened an office in Providence, R. I., where he had made his home. For more than thirty years he was engaged in active public life during the formative period of his country's history. In 1776 he was a member of the state house of representatives, serving until 1782, and thereafter was town clerk of Providence for several years. In May, 1785, he was appointed judge of the court of admiralty. In 1790

He

he was elected to the U. S. senate, and served through the stormy period of President Adams's administration, closing his third term in 1813. again served in the state legislature from 1812 until 1816 as a representative from Foster, a town that bore his name. In the meantime, he continued his interest in education, and was very active in promoting the interests of his alma mater, of which he was for several years an overseer. He was also noted as an antiquarian, and had collected material for a "History of Rhode Island," which he did not live to complete. In 1786 the degree of A.M. was conferred upon him by Dartmouth. He died in Providence, R. I., Jan. 13, 1828.

WELLS, William Hill, senator, was born in Pennsylvania about 1760. After receiving a good education, he removed to Delaware, and for several years was a successful merchant in Dagsboro' and Millsboro'. He however abandoned business affairs for law, and, after admission to the bar began practice in Georgetown. Later, he settled in Dover, and acquired a large practice, at the same time devoting himself to the care of vast estates in Sussex county, including the cypress swamp, which he had received from his wife. He was elected U. S. senator to fill the place of Josiah Clayton, deceased, serving from Feb. 4, 1799, until May 6. 1804, when he resigned, but again served, upon the resignation of James A. Bayard, from June 10, 1813, until March 3, 1817. He died in Millsboro, Del., March 11, 1829. MORRIS, Gouverneur, statesman, was born at Morrisania, N. Y., Jan. 31, 1752. He belonged to one of the wealthiest and best-known families in the colonies. He was graduated from King's College (now Columbia) at sixteen years of age, after which he studied law with William Smith, at that time chief justice of the province of New York. In 1775 he was sent as a delegate to the provincial congress, where he won a reputation as a brilliant debater, showing himself from the first an ardent advocate of the war for independence. The constitution of the state of New York was adopted by the Kingston convention April 20, 1777, and formally published to the assembled people on the morning of the twenty-second. It was practically the work of John Jay, Robert R. Livingston and Gouverneur Morris - all young men. This is the constitution

which Gov. Horatio Seymour Goud Moors

afterward called "a proof of the
profound knowledge of its lead-
ing men in the principles of civil liberty, good gov-
ernment, and constitutional law." Morris was made
a member of the Continental congress by the New
York convention in 1777. During his term of ser
vice he was chairman of several important stand-
ing committees, a practicing lawyer in the Philadel-
phia courts, a sharer of Washington's privations at
Valley Forge, as a member of a commission entrusted
with the task of feeding and clothing the destitute
army, and chairman of a committee whose report on
foreign relations led to the final treaty of peace. In
1781 he became assistant minister of finance under
Robert Morris, which office he held for about four
years. He was a member of the constitutional con-
vention of 1787, advocating in that body such con-
servative measures as a permanent executive, a free-
hold qualification for voters, and a senate for life.
His favorite measures were not adopted, but he ac-
quiesced in the necessity of compromise and took so
active a part in the drawing up of the final docu-
ment that, according to Madison, "the finish given

to the style and arrangement of the constitution fairly belongs to Mr. Morris.' The next year he sailed for Europe, partly for pleasure, partly as the financial agent of Robert Morris, thus realizing the ardent desire of his boyhood to travel in the Old World; " to rub off" as he put it, "in the gay circles of foreign life a few of those many barbarisms which characterize a provincial education." He remained abroad ten years, acting in 1791 as Washington's deputy to sound the British ministry as to their intention regarding certain difficulties growing out of the late war, and for two years (1792-94) as United States minister to France. He was U. S. senator from 1800-1803, and chairman of the Erie Canal commission, and president of the New York Historical Society during the last years of his life. He published a number of political and historical addresses and funeral orations. His "Letters and Journals," ably edited by Annie Cary Morris, show him to have been one of the most voluminous and entertaining correspondents of the period to which he belonged. Jared Sparks is the author of a threevolume biography of him (1832), and Theodore Roosevelt of a one-volume biography in the "American Statesmen Series" (1888). He died at Morrisania, N. Y., Nov. 6, 1816.

LATTIMER, Henry, senator, was born in Newport, Del., Apr. 24, 1752. He was prepared for the practice of medicine in Philadelphia and Edinburgh, and on his return home commanded a successful practice until 1777, when he was appointed, with Dr. James Tilton, surgeon of the flying hospital for the benefit of the wounded on the field. At the close of the war he resumed his private practice, but withdrew from the profession to enter public life. After serving in the lower house of the state legislature, he represented Delaware in congress, as a federalist, serving from Feb. 14, 1794, until Feb. 28, 1795, when he was elected U. S. senator upon the resignation of George Read, and served until March 3, 1801. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 19, 1819.

RUTHERFURD, John, senator, was born in New York city in 1760. His father, Walter Rutherfurd, son of Sir John, of Edgerston, Scotland, early became a citizen of New York state. John studied at Princeton under the celebrated John Witherspoon, D.D., and was graduated in 1776 in a class with Gov. Davie of South Carolina, Jonathan Dayton, LL.D., and John Pintard, LL.D. He was admitted to the bar and attained distinction in his profession, for many years having charge of much of the property of Trinity church. In 1787 he removed to New Jersey and became one of the foremost promoters of the best public measures of that state, which he also represented in the legislature. In 1788, though only twenty-eight years of age, he was chosen a presidential elector, and from 1791 until 1798 he served in the U. S. senate, resigning at the close of his second term, being the last survivor of the senators of Wash

the appointed commission in settling the line between those states and Pennsylvania. He died Feb. 23, 1840.

DANA, Samuel Whittlesey, senator, was born in Wallingford, Conn., Feb. 13, 1760. He was a son of James Dana, the celebrated Connecticut clergyman and antagonist of Jonathan Edwards. He studied at Yale, where he was graduated in 1775, entered a law office, was admitted to the bar and became an able and eminent lawyer. He was a federalist in politics and was elected to congress by that party, and being a number of times re-elected, served from Jan. 3, 1797, until May 1, 1810. He was then elected United States senator to succeed James Hillhouse, and continued a member of that body during the next ten years. In 1821 he settled in Middletown, Conn., and was elected mayor, an office which he continued to hold for a number of years. He died in that city July 21, 1830.

GOODHUE, Benjamin, senator, was born in Salem, Mass., Oct. 1, 1748. He was graduated from Harvard in 1766, in the same class with Sir William Pepperell, Thomas Barnard, D.D., and Thomas Prentiss, D.D. He engaged in mercantile affairs in his native town with great success and distinction, and afterward entered public life. From 1784 until 1789, he served in the state senate and was then elected to the first U. S. congress, serving until 1795. His large experience in commercial matters enabled him to prepare, with the assistance of Mr. Fitzsimmons, the code of revenue laws, most of which are still in force. In 1796 he was elected U. S. senator to take the place of George Cabot, serving until 1800, and achieving great distinction as chairman of the committee on commerce. He then resigned and withdrew from public life. Mr. Goodhue was of the Washington school of politics, and had for his colleague in the senate Caleb Strong, subsequently governor of Massachusetts. He died July 28, 1814.

SHEAFE, James, senator, was born in Portsmouth, N. H., Nov. 16, 1755. He was graduated from Harvard in 1774. Having interested himself in politics, he became a member of the board of selectmen of Portsmouth, in which position he served for a number of years. He was afterward elected frequently to both houses of the New Hampshire legislature and to the state executive council. From 1789 to 1801 he was a member of congress, in the latter year being chosen U. S. senator. He resigned from this position in 1802. In 1816 he was nominated by the federalists as a candidate for the gov ernorship of New Hampshire, but was defeated by William Plumer. He died Dec. 5, 1829.

CHIPMAN, Nathaniel, senator, was born in Salisbury, Conn., Nov. 15, 1752. He studied at Yale, whence he was graduated in 1777. While still in his senior year in college he accepted a lieutenant's commission in the army, and served in the campaign of Valley Forge in 1777-78, and at Monmouth and White Plains. Immediately afterward he resigned his commission and went to Litchfield, Conn., where he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in March, 1779. He afterward settled in Tinmouth, Vt., and in 1784-85 was a member of the Vermont state legislature. In the following year he was made a judge of the state supreme court, and in 1789 was appointed

erfurd now gave his attention to his immense landed estates in New Jersey, devoting himself especially to scientific agriculture, by which the value of his property was measurably enhanced. At the same time he was influential in promoting internal improvements in his state. In the important territorial controversy be tween New Jersey and New York in 1825, he was one of the commissioners appointed to adjust the boundary line; also in 1829 and 1833 he served with

occurred between the states of Vermont and New York in regard to boundary lines, and Judge Chipman was appointed one of the commissioners to adjust these differences, and two years later to negotiate the admission of Vermont into the Union. In this same year, 1791, President Washington appointed him judge of the U. S. district court of Vermont. This position he resigned in 1793, and in October, 1796, was again selected as chief justice of the state supreme court of that state. At the same time he

was appointed a member of a committee to revise the statutes of the state, and most of the duties of this committee fell to him. In 1797 Judge Chipman was chosen U. S. senator, and held that position until 1803. Between 1806 and 1811 he was a representative in the state legislature, and in 1813 one of the council of censors. In this same year he was again chief justice of the supreme court of the state, and continued to hold that office until 1815, and from 1816 until his death was professor of law at Middlebury. He obtained some reputation as a writer, having published, in 1793, Sketches of the Principles of Government," and also a work entitled "Reports and Dissertations." He also revised the laws of the state of Vermont in 1836. Judge Chipman's life was written and published by his brother, Daniel Chipman, in Boston, in 1846. Judge Chipman died in Tinmouth, Vt., Feb. 15, 1843.

ANDERSON, Joseph, senator, was born near Philadelphia, Nov. 5, 1757. His early education was good, and he was preparing for the bar when the battle of Lexington sounded the note of war, and he entered the revolutionary forces as an ensign in New Jersey troops, and laid down his arms only at the glorious close. Promoted to be captain, he led his company at the battle of Monmouth. He subsequently served under Sullivan in the expedition against the Iroquois, and was present at Valley Forge and the siege of Yorktown. He was then retired with the brevet rank of major. At the close of the war he was still a young man and began the practice of law in Delaware. In 1791 Washington made him judge of the territory south of the Ohio river, in which capacity he assisted in drawing up the constitution of Tennessee, where he made his home. He was sent to the U. S. senate from that state, and held his seat from 1797 until 1815, doing important work on committees, and acting as president pro tempore on two occasions. From 1815 until 1836 he was first comptroller of the treasury. He died in Washington, D. C., Apr. 17, 1837. SCHUREMAN, James, senator, was born in New Jersey in 1757. He was graduated from Queen's (now Rutgers) College in 1775. At the head of a company of volunteers he took part in the battle of Long Island, Aug. 27, 1776. During the revolutionary war he was taken prisoner and confined in the New York sugar-house, where he suffered greatly from hunger, but with one companion escaped and joined the American army at Morristown, N. J. In 1786-87 he was a delegate from New Jersey to the Continental congress; was a member of the U. S. congress in 1789-91 and 1797-99. From 1799 to 1801 Mr. Schureman was U. S. senator from New Jersey, and then resigned. He was afterward mayor of the city of New Brunswick, N. J., and served a fourth time in the U. S. congress from 1813 to 1815. He died at New Brunswick, N. J., Jan. 23, 1824. GREENE, Ray, senator, was born in Warwick, R. I., Feb. 2, 1765. His father, William Ray, and his grandfather, of the same name, were both governors of Rhode Island. Ray was graduated from Yale in 1784, studied law under Gen. James M. Varnum, and was admitted to practice in Providence. In 1794 he succeeded William Channing as attorney-general of Rhode Island, continuing in office until Nov. 22, 1797, when he was sent to the U. S. senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William Bradford. He was returned to the senate for a second term, but resigned on Dec. 7, 1801, upon being appointed district judge of Rhode Island almost at the last moment of John Adams's administration. He lost the office, however, through some informality in the appointment, which President Jefferson refused to correct. He died in Warwick, R. I., Jan. 11, 1849.

BRADLEY, Stephen Row, senator, was born in Wallingford (now Cheshire), Conn., Oct. 20, 1754.

He studied at Yale, whence he was graduated in 1775 and afterward entered the law office of Judge Reede, being admitted to the bar in 1779, in which year he settled in Vermont, and became active in the organization of the state. During the revolutionary war, he commanded a company of the Cheshire volunteers and was acting as an aide to Gen. Wooster, when that officer fell in a skirmish with the enemy at Danbury. Bradley was one of the first senators of Vermont, being elected as a democrat to the second and third congresses, and also to the seventh and twelfth, and during that time being on certain occasions president pro tem. He was the author of "Vermont's Appeal" (1779). He retired from public life in 1812, and died in Walpole, N. H., Dec. 16, 1830. PINCKNEY, Charles, statesman, was born at Charleston, S. C., in 1758. He was a grandson of William Pinckney, South Carolina commissary-general from 1703 to 1766. He received his education in Charleston, and studied law with his father. In 1779 he was a member of the state legislature. The next year, when Charleston was taken by the British, Pinckney was captured and sent to St. Augustine, Fla., where, for some time, he was kept on a prison-ship. He served in the Continental congress from 1785 to 1788. In 1787 he was a delegate from South Carolina to the convention which framed the constitution of the United States, in which he acted a distinguished part. He submitted and advocated in it, with great ability, a plan of government prepared by himself, a large portion of which was incorporated into the constitution. In the South Carolina state convention called to ratify the Federal constitution (1788), he was also a leading member. From 1798 to 1801 he was U. S. senator from South Carolina, but resigned his seat to accept the post of U. S. minister to Spain, where he remained until 1805. He was governor of his native state, 178992, 1796-98, 1806-8. From 1810 to 1814 Gov. Pinckney served in the state legislature. In 1819-20 he was a South Carolina representative in the U. S. congress, and distinguished himself by his opposition to the Missouri compromise. His speech on that question was the last act of his public life. He died at Charleston, S. C., Oct. 29, 1824.

Charles Pinckney

GUNN, James, senator, was born in Virginia in 1739. He was educated in the common schools, studied law, and, after his admission to the bar, removed to Savannah, Ga., and built up a successful practice. He was elected U. S. senator from Georgia to the first congress, and served through President Adams's administration until March 3, 1801, voting for the location of the seat of government at Washington. He died in Louisville, Ga., July 30, 1801.

JONES, Walter, member of congress and physician, was born in Virginia in 1745. After his graduation from William and Mary College in 1760, he pursued his medical studies in Edinburgh, Scotland, received his degree in 1770, and returning home, gained an extensive practice in Northumberland county, where he settled. He became known also as a scholar and for his general interest in affairs of state. In 1777 he was appointed by congress physician-general of the hospital in the middle military department. In 1797 he was elected to congress, serving as a democrat until 1799, and again from 1803 until 1811. In mature years he embraced the doctrines of free thought, but subsequently, changing his views for those of orthodox religion, he repudiated his old faith in a book written for that purpose. He died Dec. 31, 1815.