Introduction to Physical System Modelling

admissible variation analogous angular velocity ball and beam basic cutset bond graph capacitor causality co-content co-energy compatibility constraint complementary components connected graph constitutive relation continuity constraint coordinates coupled coupler defined device displacement edge flow effort and flow effort source effort store effort variable electrical circuit energy handling energy port energy stored extensive variable f₁ flow accumulation flow source flow store flow variables fluid system flux linkage function given gyrator heat input interconnective constraints junction structure Lagrange's equations Laplace transform line segments linear graph loopset matrix m₁ magnetic magnetomotive force mass mechanical system mesh modulated momentum multi-port nodal analysis non-linear obtained one-port output P₁ physical systems planar graph pressure R₁ rotational shown in Fig specific storage stored energy symbol and constitutive system elements system graph system variables T₁ temperature thermal systems torque transformer variational analysis variational indicator variational methods vector voltage zero