Introduction to Physical System Modelling

admissible variation analogous ball and beam bond graph capacitor causality co-content co-energy compatibility constraint complementary components configuration constitutive relation continuity constraint coupled defined device differential causality displacement dynamometer effort accumulation effort and flow effort junction effort source effort store electrical circuit energy handling energy port energy stored equations of motion example flow accumulation flow junction flow rate flow source flow store flow variables fluid flow fluid system flux linkage force free body diagram gyrator Hamilton's principle heat input integral causality interconnective constraints junction structure Lagrange's equations Lagrangian Laplace transform line segment linear graph loop variational magnetic magnetomotive force mass mechanical system modulated momentum multi-port nodal analysis nodal variational non-linear obtained one-port output pressure rotational shown in Fig specific stored energy sub-system system elements system graph system variables t₁ temperature torque transformer turbine variational analysis variational indicator variational methods vector voltage zero