SECTION XI. OF THE VERB ; REDUPLICATIVE, AND PLURI- 1. W, he is, or they are, has rather the nature of a noun than of a verb, in this refpe&t, that it takes the fame fuffixes as nouns, instead of the perfonal terminations of verbs; as, ", thou art; ", you or ye are. See the word, in Parkhurft's and Pike's Hebrew Lexicons. 2. Reduplicative verbs have the last, the first and laft, or the two laft radicals doubled. They are derived from fimple verbs; as, from are derived from ; קלקל and קלל קול from ; גלגל and גלל -Such verbs are de .סחרחר סחר from ; הפכפךהפך clined regularly. 3. Pluriliteral verbs confift of more than three letters in their root; as, to waste, or root up; , to invest. The few times they occur, they are declined regularly. SECTION XII. OF PARTICLES. 1. Under the denomination of particles,* are included adverbs, conjunctions, prepofitions, and interjections. 2. Particles have fuffixes like nouns fingular; as, 172, before him. 3. Some particles imitate nouns plural in regimen. * See Sect. III. No. 4. as,, after, which, with fome others, requires the fame fuffixes which nouns plural do. 4. These three particles, , not, man, behold, y, yet, for a fuffix of the third perfon mafculine fingular, take the verbal one ; as, 13, not he.* 5. Particles often govern the infinitive mode. SECTION XIII. SYNTAX. 1. Two or more fubftantives fignifying the fame perfon, or thing, are regularly of the fame number, by appofition; as, y n, Mofes, my fervant.† 2. In Hebrew an adjective ufually agrees with its fubftantive in gender and number; as, on 1, a wise son; naš nɔp, great strokes. We meet, however, with such expreffions as thefe, ny, great cities; Deut. I. 28. VI. 10.-, great ftones; Deut. XXVII. 2.—79 and, good and bad figs; Jer. XXIV. 2. and 3.-an , the great lights; Gen. I. 16. As to the three first phrases, it has been observed, Sect. IV. No. 21. Note 2d, that fome feminines plural end in □ : and, perhaps, in fuch expreffions as DM, the adjective with a termination ufually mafculine is joined with a feminine substantive, as a mark of dignity or excellence. 3. Participles agree with fubftantives, in the fame manner that adjectives do. * See Sect. VII. No. 7. and Sect. X. No. 1. + Except nouns which imply dominion or power, particularly fome of the names of God; which, although plural, may be in appofition with nouns fingulär. F 4. When two fubftantives of different genders have the fame adjective, that adjective is ufually of the ,בניו ובנתיו אכלים .13 .mafculine gender ; as, Job, I his fons and his daughters eating. 5. When two fubftantives, one of which is fingular, and the other plural, or both being fingular, have one adjective, or participle, that adjective or participle is, ufually, in the plural number; as, I and my Jon Solomon אני ובני שלמה חטאים (fhall be) finning. to pronouns; as, 1 Kings, I. 21. This rule applies Ni, male and female (or, as for the male and female) created he them. Gen. I. 27. as, 6. A collective noun, or a noun of multitude, though fingular, may have a plural adjective; '17", all Judah coming. Jer. VII. 2.1 Kings, I. 40. .the people piping העם מחללים 7. A plural noun of dominion may have a fingular adjective; as, P, a cruel lord (lords). 8. An adjective fingular is fometimes joined to a plural noun in a diftributive sense; as, TD, right are thy judgments (i. e. every one of them). Pfalm, CXIX. 137.7777778, they who curfe thee are curfed (i. e. each one of them). Gen. XXVII. 29. 9. An adjective, referring to the former of two fubftantives, fometimes agrees with the latter; as, (the bow of the mighty men (is קשת גבורים חתים broken. 10. A verb commonly agrees with its noun in number, gender, and perfon; as, y 7, and Adam knew. Gen. IV. i. 8, the earth was. Gen. I. 2. 11. Sometimes a mafculine verb is joined to a feminine noun, to fhow excellence and dignity; as, *.והיה הנערה 12. A feminine verb may be joined to a masculine noun, or pronoun, to exprefs fomething bafe and .עשיתן תועבה,mean ; as 13. A verb fingular joined with a noun plural, or a verb plural with a noun fingular, often fignifies dif tributively; as,, the beasts of the field (i. e. each of the beafts) shall cry. Joel, I. 20. yw, the wicked (i. e. every wicked man) flee. Prov. XXVIII. 1. 14. When two nouns of different genders have the fame verb, that verb is ufually of the mafculine gen and the heavens and ויכלו השמים והארץ,der ; as the earth were finished. Gen. II. 1. 15. When several fingular nouns have the fame verb, that verb may be put in the plural number; as, ,Arioch אריוך-כדרלעמר- ותדעל עשו מלחמה Chederlaomer, and Tidal made war. Gen. XIV. I. and 2. 16. A noun of multitude, though fingular, may left the land פן יאמרו הארץ,have a plural verb ; as fball fay. Deut. IX. 28. 17. Nouns plural, when they denote the parts of one whole, are fometimes joined with verbs fingular; as, D, there fhall be lights, that is, a collection of lights. 18. Sometimes verbs in the future, when not prefixed with converfive, and not in connexion with a * Gen. XXIV. 14. + Ezek. XXXIII. 26. word prefixed with it, have the fignification of verbs in tbus did ככה יעשה איוב כל הימים,the preter ; as Job all the days. Job, I. 5. 19. Sometimes à verb in the infinitive has the fignification of fome perfon in another mode; and it must depend upon the fenfe and connexion to determine its fignification. See Sect. IX. No. 34. Note. 20. The masculine noun plural , when meaning the true God (the adorable Trinity), is frequently joined with verbs fingular, to express the unity of effence and operation; as, N, God created. Gen. I. 1. אלהים 21. Hebrew verbs are often joined with their infinitives, which may then be rendered as participles ac tive, or as the Latin gerunds. This kind of expreffion denotes fucceffion or continuance; as, in bleing (or, to ברך אברכך והרבה ארבה את זרער blefs) I will bless thee, and, in multiplying, I will multiply thy feed that is, I will continually bless thee, and multiply thy feed. Gen. XXII. 17.* : 22. The fubftantive verbs, are often omitted. and , he was, &c. ,שמעו שמוע ואל תבינו וראו ראו ואל תדעו .9 .Thus, Ifai. VI * hear, in hearing (i. e. be continually hearing), and ye fball not perceive; and fee, in feeing (i e. be continually feeing), and ye shall not know. Gen. II. 16. and 17. Of every tree of the garden 5x 358, thou shalt or mayeft continually eat; but of the tree of knowledge of good and evil thou shalt not eat of it, &c. |