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(Far more than e'er can by yourself be guess'd ;)
Fix on Vertumnus and reject the rest.
For his firm faith I dare engage my own;
Scarce to himself, himself is better known.
To distant lands Vertumnus never roves;
Like
you, contented with his native groves;
Nor at first sight, like most, admires the fair;
For you he lives: and you alone shall share
His last affection, as his early care.
Besides, he's lovely far above the rest,
With youth immortal, and with beauty bless'd.
Add, that he varies every shape with ease,
And tries all forms that may Pomona please.
But what should most excite a mutual flame,
Your rural cares and pleasures are the same :
To him your orchard's early fruit are due,
(A pleasing offering when 'tis made by you,)
He values these: but yet, alas! complains,
That still the best and dearest gift remains.
Not the fair fruit that on yon branches glows
With that ripe red the autumnal sun bestows;
Nor tasteful herbs that in these gardens rise,
Which the kind soil with milky sap supplies:
You, only you, can move the god's desire:
Oh, crown so constant and so pure a fire!
Let soft compassion touch your gentle mind;
Think, 'tis Vertumnus begs you to be kind :
So may no frost, when early buds appear,
Destroy the promise of the youthful year;
Nor winds, when first your florid orchard blows,
Shake the light blossoms from their blasted boughs.
This when the various god had urged in vain,
He straight assumed his native form again;
Such, and so bright an aspect now he bears,
As when through clouds the emerging sun appears,
And, thence exerting his refulgent ray,
Dispels the darkness, and reveals the day.
Force he prepared, but check'd the rash design;
For when, appearing in a form divine,

The nymph surveys him, and beholds the grace
Of charming features, and a youthful face;
In her soft breast consenting passions move,
And the warm maid confess'd a mutual love.

IMITATIONS

OF ENGLISH POETS. Done by the Author in his Youth.

CHAUCER.

WOMEN ben full of ragerie,
Yet swinken nat sans secresie.
Thilka moral shall ye understond,
From schoole-boy's tale of fayre Irelond:
Which to the fennes hath him betake,
To filch the gray ducke fro the lake.
Right then, there passen by the way
His aunt, and eke her daughters tway.
Ducke in his trowsers hath he hent,
Not to be spied of ladies gent.
'But ho! our nephew,' crieth one,
'Ho! quoth another, 'cozen John;'
And stoppen, and lough, and callen out,-
This silly clerke full low doth lout:
They asken that, and talken this,
Lo! here is coz, and here is miss.'

But as he glozeth with speeches soote,
The ducke sore tickleth his erse roote;
Fore-piece and buttons all to-brest,
Forth thrust a white neck, and red crest.
Te-he,' cried ladies; clerke nought spake;
Miss stared, and gray ducke cryeth, ' Quaake.
O moder, moder,' quoth the daughter,
'Be thilke same thing maids longen a'ter?
Bette is to pine on coals and chalke,
Then trust on mon, whose yerde can talke-

SPENSER.

THE ALLEY.

IN every town where Thamis rolls his tyde,
A narrow pass there is with houses low;
Where, ever and anon, the stream is eyed,
And
many a boat, soft sliding to and fro.
There oft are heard the notes of infant woe,
The short thick sob, loud scream, and shriller squall
How can ye, mothers, vex your children so?
Some play, some eat, some cack against the wall,
And as they crouchen low, for bread and butter call.

And on the broken pavement, here and there,
Doth many a stinking sprat and herring lie;

A brandy and tobacco shop is near,
And hens, and dogs, and hogs are feeding by;
And here a sailor's jacket hangs to dry.
At every door are sun-burnt matrons seen,
Mending old nets to catch the scaly fry,
Now singing shrill, and scolding eft between;
Scolds answer foul-mouth'd scolds; bad neighbour-

hood I ween.

The snappish cur (the passengers' annoy)
Close at my heel with yelping treble flies;
The whimpering girl, and hoarser screaming boy,
Join to the yelping treble, shrilling cries;
The scolding quean to louder notes doth rise,
And her full pipes those shrilling cries confound;
To her full pipes the grunting hog replies;
The grunting hogs alarm the neighbours round,
And curs, girls, boys, and scolds, in the deep base are
drown'd.

Hard by a sty, beneath a roof of thatch,
Dwelt Obloquy, who in her early days
Baskets of fish at Billingsgate did watch,
Cod, whiting, oyster, mackrel, sprat, or plaice:
There learn'd she speech from tongues that never

cease.

Slander beside her, like a magpie, chatters,
With Envy (spitting cat,) dread foe to peace;
Like a cursed cur, Malice before her clatters,
And, vexing every wight, tears clothes and all to

tatters.

Her dugs were mark'd by every collier's hand,
Her mouth was black as bull dog's at the stall;
She scratch'd, bit, and spared ne lace ne band,
And bitch and rogue her answer was to all;
Nay, e'en the parts of shame by name would call;
Yea, when she passed by or lane or nook,
Would greet the man who turn'd him to the wall,
And by his hand obscene the porter took,
Nor ever did askance like modest virgin look.
Such place hath Deptford, navy-building town,
Woolwich and Wapping, smelling strong of pitch:

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OF A LADY SINGING TO HER LUTE. FAIR charmer, cease, nor make your voice's prize, A heart resign'd, the conquest of your eyes: Well might, alas! that threaten'd vessel fail, Which winds and lightning both at once assail. We were too bless'd with these enchanting lays, Which must be heavenly when an angel plays: But killing charms your lover's death contrive, Lest heavenly music should be heard alive. Orpheus could charm the trees: but thus a tree, Taught by your hand, can charm no less than he: A poet made the silent wood pursue, This vocal wood had drawn the poet too.

ON A FAN OF THE AUTHOR'S DESIGN.

There in bright drops the crystal fountains play
By laurels shielded from the piercing day;
Where Daphne, now a tree, as once a maid,
Still from Apollo vindicates her shade,
Still turns her beauties from the invading beam,
Nor seeks in vain for succour to the stream;
The stream at once preserves her virgin leaves,
At once a shelter from her boughs receives,
Where summer's beauty midst of winter stays,
And winter's coolness spite of summer's rays.

WEEPING.

WHILE Celia's tears make sorrow bright, Proud grief sits swelling in her eyes: The sun, next those the fairest light,

Thus from the ocean first did rise; And thus through mists we see the sun, Which else we durst not gaze upon. These silver drops, like morning dew, Foretell the fervor of the day: So from one cloud soft showers we view, And blasting lightnings burst away. The stars that fall from Celia's eye, Declare our doom is drawing nigh.

In which was painted the Story of Cephalus and Pro-The baby in that sunny sphere

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cris, with the Motto, Aura veni.'

COME, gentle air!' the Eolian shepherd said, While Procris panted in the secret shade; 'Come, gentle air,' the fairer Delia cries, While at her feet her swain expiring lies. Lo, the glad gales o'er all her beauties stray, Breathe on her lips, and in her bosom play! In Delia's hand this toy is fatal found, Nor could that fatal dart more surely wound: Both gifts destructive to the givers prove; Alike both lovers fall by those they love.

Yet guiltless too the bright destroyer lives,

So like a Phaeton appears,

That heaven, the threaten'd world to spare,
Thought fit to drown him in her tears:
Else might the ambitious nymph aspire
To set, like him, heaven too on fire.

EARL OF ROCHESTER.

ON SILENCE.

SILENCE! coeval with eternity,

Thou wert, ere nature's self began to be;

At random wounds, nor knows the wound she gives; 'Twas one vast nothing, all, and all slept fast in thec

She views the story with attentive eyes,

And pities Procris, while her lover dies.

COWLEY.

THE GARDEN.

FAIN would my muse the flowery treasure sing,
And humble glories of the youthful spring :
Where opening roses breathing sweets diffuse,
And soft carnations shower their balmy dews;
Where lilies smile in virgin robes of white,
The thin undress of superficial light,
And varied tulips show so dazzling gay,
Blushing in bright diversities of day.
Each painted floweret in the lake below
Surveys its beauties, whence its beauties grow;
And pale Narcissus, on the bank, in vain
Transformed, gazes on himself again.
Here aged trees cathedral walks compose,
And mount the hill in venerable rows;
There the green infants in their beds are laid,
The garden's hope, and its expected shade.
Here orange trees with blooms and pendants shine,

And vernal honours to their autumn join;
Exceed their promise in their ripen'd store,
Yet in the rising blossom promise more.

Thine was the sway, ere heav'n was formed, or earth:
Ere fruitful thought conceived creation's birth,

| Or midwife word gave aid, and spoke the infant forth.
The various elements against thee join'd
In one more various animal combined,
And framed the clamorous race of busy human-kind
The tongue moved gently first, and speech was low,
Till wrangling science taught it noise and show,
And wicked wit arose, thy most abusive foe.

But rebel wit deserts thee oft in vain;
Lost in the maze of words he turns again,
And seeks a surer state, and courts thy gentle reign.
Afflicted sense thou kindly dost set free,
Oppress'd with argumental tyranny,

And routed reason finds a safe retreat in thee.

With thee in private modest d Iness lies, And in thy bosom lurks in thought's disguise; Thou varnisher of fools, and cheat of all the wise! Yet thy indulgence is by both confess'd; Folly by thee lies sleeping in the breast, And 'tis in thee at last that wisdom seeks for rest. Silence, the knave's repute, the whore's good name, The only honour of the wishing dame; Thy very want of tongue makes thee a kind of fame

But couldst thou seize some tongues that now are | In diamonds, pearls, and rich brocades,

free,

How church and state should be obliged to thee;
At senate, and at bar, how welcome wouldst thou be!
Yet speech e'en there submissively withdraws,
From rights of subjects, and the poor man's cause:
Then pompous Silence reigns, and stills the noisy laws.
Past services of friends, good deeds of foes,
What favourites gain, and what the nation owes,
Fly the forgetful world, and in thy arms repose.
The country wit, religion of the town,
The courtier's learning, policy of the gown,
Are best by thee express'd; and shine in thee alone.
The parson's cant, the lawyer's sophistry,
Lord's quibble, critic's jest, all end in thee,
All rest in peace at last, and sleep eternally,

EARL OF DORSET.

ARTEMISIA.

THOUGH Artemisia talks, by fits,
Of councils, classics, fathers, wits;

Reads Malbranche, Boyle, and Locke;
Yet in some things methinks she fails :
'Twere well if she would pare her nails,
And wear a cleaner smock.

Haughty and huge as High-Dutch bride, Such nastiness, and so much pride,

Are oddly join'd by fate:

On her large squab you find her spread, Like a fat corpse upon a bed,

That lies and stinks in state.

She wears no colours (sign of grace)
On any part except her face;

All white and black beside:
Dauntless her look, her gesture proud,
Her voice theatrically loud,

And masculine her stride.

So have I seen, in black and white,
A prating thing, a magpie hight,
Majestically stalk;

A stately, worthless animal,

That plies the tongue, and wags the tail, All flutter, pride, and talk.

PHRYNE.

PHRYNE had talents for mankind,
Open she was, and unconfined,

Like some free port of trade;
Merchants unloaded here their freight,
And agents from each foreign state,

Here first their entry made.

Her learning and good-breeding such,
Whether the Italian or the Dutch,

Spaniards or French came to her;
To all obliging she'd appear:
Twas 'Si Signor,' 'twas 'Yaw Mynheer,'
"Twas 'S'il vous plait, Monsieur.'
Obscure by birth, renown'd by crimes,
Still changing names, religion, climes,
At length she turns a bride :

She shines the first of batter'd jades,
And flutters in her pride.
So have I known those insects fair
(Which curious Germans hold so rare)

Still vary shapes and dyes;
Still gain new tities with new forms;
First grubs obscene, then wriggling worms,
Then painted butterflies.

DR. SWIFT.

THE HAPPY LIFE OF A COUNTRY PARSON.
PARSON, these things in thy possessing,
Are better than the bishop's blessing:
A wife that makes conserves; a steed
That carries double when there's need;
October store, and best Virginia,
Tithe pig, and mortuary guinea:
Gazettes sent gratis down, and frank'd,
For which thy patron's weekly thank'd;
A large Concordance, bound long since;
Sermons to Charles the First, when prince:
A Chronicle of ancient standing:
A Chrysostom to smooth-thy band in:
The Polyglott-three parts--my text,
Howbeit,-likewise-now to my next :
Lo, here the Septuagint,-and Paul,
To sum the whole,-the close of all.

He that has these, may pass his life,
Drink with the 'squire, and kiss his wife;
On Sundays preach, and eat his fill;
And fast on Fridays-if he will;
Toast church and queen, explain the news,
Talk with church-wardens about pews;
Pray heartily for some new gift,
And shake his head at Dr. Sw**t.

AN ESSAY ON MAN,

IN FOUR EPISTLES

TO HENRY ST. JOHN, LORD BOLINGBROKE.

THE DESIGN.

HAVING proposed to write some pieces on human life and manners, such as (to use my lord Bacon's expression) 'come home to men's business and bosoms,' I thought it more satisfactory to begin with considering man in the abstract, his nature, and his state: since, to prove any moral duty, to enforce any moral precept, or to examine the perfection or imperfection of any creature whatsoever, it is necessary first to know what condition and relation it is placed in, and what is the proper end and purpose of its being.

The science of human nature is, like all other sciences, reduced to a few clear points: there are not many certain truths in this world. It is therefore in the anatomy of the mind as in that of the body; more good will accrue to mankind by attending to the large, open, and perceptible parts, than by studying too much such finer nerves and vessels, the conformations and uses of which will for ever escape our observation. The disputes are all upon these

last; and I will venture to say, they have less sharp-| ened the wits than the hearts of men against each other, and have diminished the practice more than advanced the theory of morality. If I could flatter myself that this Essay has any merit, it is in steering betwixt the extremes of doctrines seemingly opposite, in passing over terms utterly unintelligible, and in forming a temperate yet not inconsistent, and a short, yet not imperfect, system of ethics.

him miserable, ver. 173, &c. VII. That throughout the whole visible world, an universal order and gradation in the sensual and mental faculties is observed, which causes a subordination of creature to creature, and of all creatures to man. The gradations of sense, instinct, thought, reflection, reason; that reason alone countervails all the other faculties, ver. 207. VIII. How much farther this order and subordination of living creatures may extend above and below us; were any part of which broken, not that part only but the whole connected creation must be destroyed ver. 233. IX. The extravagance, madness and pride of such a desire, ver. 250. X. The consequence of all, the absolute submission due to Providence, both as to our present and future state, ver. 281, to the end. EPISTLE I.

This I might have done in prose; but I chose verse. and even rhyme, for two reasons. The one will appear obvious; that principles, maxims, or precepts, so written, both strike the reader more strongly at first, and are more easily retained by him afterwards: the other may seem odd, but it is true: I found I could express them more shortly this way than in AWAKE, my St. John! leave all meaner things prose itself; and nothing is more certain, than that To low ambition, and the pride of kings: much of the force, as well as the grace of arguments Let us (since life can little more supply or instructions, depends on their conciseness. I was Than just to look about us, and to die) unable to treat this part of my subject more in detail, Expatiate free o'er all this scene of man; without becoming dry and tedious; or more poeti- A mighty maze! but not without a plan: cally, without sacrificing perspicuity to ornament, A wild, where weeds and flowers promiscuous shoot; without wandering from the precision, or breaking the Or garden, tempting with forbidden fruit, chain of reasoning: if any man can unite all these Together let us beat this ample field, without diminution of any of them, I freely confess Try what the open, what the covert yield; he will compass a thing above my capacity. The latent tracts, the giddy heights, explore, What is now published, is only to be considered as Of all who blindly creep, or sightless soar; a general map of man, marking out no more than the Eye nature's walks, shoot folly as it flies, greater parts, their extent, their limits, and their con-And catch the manners living as they rise: nexion, but leaving the particular to be more fully de-Laugh where we must, be candid where we can, lineated in the charts which are to follow. Con-But vindicate the ways of God to man. sequently, these Epistles in their progress (if I have health and leisure to make any progress) will be less dry, and more susceptible of poetical ornament. am here only opening the fountains, and clearing the passage. To deduce the rivers, to follow them in their course, and to observe their effects, may be a task more agreeable.

AN ESSAY ON MAN.

ARGUMENT OF EPISTLE I.

10

I. Say first, of God above, or man below,
What can we reason, but from what we know?
Of man, what see we but his station here,
From which to reason, or to which refer?
Through worlds unnumber'd though the God be
known,

'Tis ours to trace him only in our own.
He, who through vast immensity can pierce,
See worlds on worlds compose one universe,
Observe how system into system runs,
What other planets circle other suns,
What varied being peoples every star,
May tell why heaven has made us as we are.

of the Nature and State of Man with respect to the But of this frame, the bearings and the ties,

Universe.

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The strong connexions, nice dependencies, Of man in the abstract. I. That we can judge only with Gradations just, has thy pervading soul regard to our own system, being ignorant of the relaLook'd through? or can a part contain the whole? tions of systems and things, ver. 17, &c. II. That Is the great chain that draws all to agree, man is not to be deemed imperfect, but a being suited And drawn supports, upheld by God, or thee to his place and rank in the creation, agreeable to the II. Presumptuous man! the reason wouldst thou find, general order of things, and conformable to ends and Why form'd so weak, so little, and so blind? relations to him unknown, ver. 35, &c, III. That it First, if thou canst, the harder reason guess, is partly upon his ignorance of future events, and Why form'd no weaker, blinder, and no less? partly upon the hope of a future state, that all his Ask of thy mother earth, why oaks are made happiness in the present depends, ver. 77, &c. IV.

The pride of aiming at more knowledge, and pretend Taller or stronger than the weeds they shade?
ing to more perfection, the cause of man's error and Or ask of yonder argent fields above,
misery. The impiety of putting himself in the place Why Jove's satellites are less than Jove.
of God, and judging of the fitness or unfitness, per- Of systems possible, if 'tis confess'd,
fection or imperfection, justice or injustice, of his That wisdom infinite must form the best,
dispensations, ver. 109, &c. V. The absurdity of Where all must fall or not coherent be,
conceiting himself the final cause of the creation, And all that rises, rise in due degree;
or expecting that perfection in the moral world, Then, in the scale of reasoning life, 'tis plain,

which is not in the natural, ver. 131, &c. VI. The

unreasonableness of his complaints against Provi- There must be somewhere, such a rank as man: dence, while on the one hand he demands the perfec. And all the question (wrangle e'er so long) tion of the angels, and on the other the bodily qualifi- Is only this, if God has placed him wrong? cations of the brutes; though to possess any of the Respecting man, whatever wrong we call, sensitive faculties in a higher degree, would render May, must be right, as relative to all.

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When the proud steed shall know why man restrains
His fiery course, or drives him o'er the plains;
When the dull ox, why now he breaks the clod,
Is now a victim, and now Egypt's god,
Then shall man's pride and dulness comprehend
His actions', passions', being's use and end;
Why doing, suffering, check'd, impell'd; and why
This hour a slave, the next a deity.

Then say not man's imperfect, Heaven in fault:
Say rather, man's as perfect as he ought:
His knowledge measured to his state and place
His time a moment, and a point his space.
If to be perfect in a certain sphere,
What matter, soon or late, or here or there?
The bless'd to-day is as completely so,
As who began a thousand years ago.

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V. Ask for what end the heavenly bodies shine,
Earth for whose use ? Pride answers, "Tis for mine.
For me kind nature wakes her genial power;
Suckles each herb, and spreads out every flower;
Annual for me, the grape, the rose, renew
The juice nectareous, and the balmy dew;
For me, the mine a thousand treasures brings;

70 For me, health gushes from a thousand springs;
Seas roll to waft me, suns to light me rise;
My foot-stool earth, my canopy the skies.'

140

But errs not nature from this gracious end,
From burning suns when livid deaths descend,
When earthquakes swallow, or when tempests sweep
Towns to one grave, whole nations to the deep?
No,' 'tis replied, 'the first Almighty Cause
Acts not by partial, but by general laws;
The exceptions few; some change since all began
80 And what created perfect-?-Why then man?
If the great end be human happiness,
Then nature deviates; and can man do less?
As much that end a constant course requires
Of showers and sun-shine, as of man's desires?
As much eternal springs and cloudless skies,
As men for ever temperate, calm, and wise.
If plagues or earthquakes break not Heaven's design,
Why then a Borgia, or a Catiline?

III. Heaven from all creatures hides the book of fate,
All but the page prescribed, their present state;
From brutes what men, from men what spirits know:
Or who could suffer being here below?
The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day,
Had he thy reason, would he skip and play?
Pleased to the last, he crops the flowery food,
And licks the hand just raised to shed his blood.
Oh blindness to the future! kindly given,
That each may fill the circle mark'd by Heaven,
Who sees with equal eye, as God of all,
A hero perish, or a sparrow fall,
Atoms or systems into ruin hurl'd,

And now a bubble burst, and now a world.

Hope humbly then; with trembling pinions soar;
Wait the great teacher, Death; and God adore.
What future bliss, he gives not thee to know,
But gives that hope to be thy blessing now.
Hope springs eternal in the human breast:
Man never Is, but always To be bless'd:
The soul, uneasy, and confined from home,
Rests and expatiates on a life to come.

Lo, the poor Indian! whose untutor'd mind
Sees God in clouds, or hears him in the wind;
His soul proud science never taught to stray
Far as the solar walk, or milky way;
Yet simple nature to his hope has given,
Behind the cloud-topp'd hill, an humbler heaven;
Some safer world in depth of woods embraced,
Some happier island in the watery waste,
Where slaves once more their native land behold,
No fiends torment, no Christians thirst for gold.
To be, contents his natural desire,

He asks no angel's wing, no seraph's fire;
But thinks, admitted to that equal sky,
His faithful dog shall bear him company.
IV. Go wiser thou! and in thy scale of sense,
Weigh thy opinion against Providence ;
Call imperfection what thou fanciest such;
Say, here he gives too little, there too much:
Destroy all creatures for thy sport or gust,
Yet say, if man's unhappy, God's unjust :
If man alone engross not Heaven's high care,
Alone made perfect here, immortal there:

150

Who knows, but he whose hand the lightning forms, 90 Who heaves old Ocean, and who wings the storms, Pours fierce ambition in a Cæsar's mind,

Or turns young Ammon loose to scourge mankind? 160
From pride, from pride, our very reasoning springs;
Account for moral as for natural things:
Why charge we Heaven in those, in these acquit,
In both, to reason right, is to submit.

Better for us, perhaps, it might appear,
Were there all harmony, all virtue here;
That never air or ocean felt the wind,

100 That never passion discomposed the mind.
But all subsists by elemental strife;
And passions are the elements of life.
The general order since the whole began,
Is kept in nature, and is kept in man.

170

VI. What would this man? Now upward will he soar
And, little less than angel, would be more;
Now looking downwards, just as grieved appears
To want the strength of bulls, the fur of bears.
Made for his use all creatures if he call,

110 Say what their use, had he the powers of all?
Nature to these, without profusion, kind,
The proper organs, proper powers assign'd;
Each seeming want compensated; of course,
Here with degrees of swiftness, the re of force;
All in exact proportion to the state;
Nothing to add, and nothing to abate.
Each beast, each insect, happy in its own:
Is Heaven unkind to man, and man alone?
Shall he alone, whom rational we call,

120 Be pleased with nothing, if not bless'd with all?

180

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