REPLIES:-Holborn, Hanwell, and Harrow, 289-Vauxhall, 290-A Curious Charm, 291-A Long Record-" Man-Jack" J. S. Orr-'Phaudhrig Crohoore,' 292-"Avener "— Le Fanu sat beside me at examinations in "Twilight of Plate "-Imaginary Coins-Eagle Feathers- Trinity College, Dublin. We were placed in Marish, 293-"Tapper"-" Ade"-"As full as a tick""divisions," as they were called, of from twentyHenry Moyes-Perth in the Sixteenth Century-Hallmarks on Pewter-Newspaper, 294-Inscribed Fonts-four to thirty, to each of which two examiners Gory-Shakspeare's 'Richard III.,' 295-Sin-eater-Thucy- were appointed, one for classics and one for dides-Christ on the Mount of Olives'-" Ha-ha," 296-science. He was then about nineteen or twenty, Highgate Jewish Academy-Freemasonry: Albert Pike, 297-Cupples, 298.

Cornelys was then in her thirty-fifth year. She had a fair complexion and was still handsome, although her natural charms had lost their pristine freshness. Casanova writes :

a similar visit paid to him by the Prince de Conti, made us
laugh: Le prince, homme aimable, se rend eeul à Mont-
à causer avec le philosophe, qui, à cette époque, était
morency, tout exprès pour passer une agréable journée
déjà célèbre. Il le trouve dans le parc, il l'aborde, et
lui dit qu'il venait pour avoir le plaisir de dîner avec lui
et pour passer la journée à causer en liberté.
"Votre Altesse fera mauvaise chère,' lui dit Rousseau;
'mais je vais dire qu'on mette un couvert de plus.'
"Le philosophe part, va donner ses ordres et revient
trouver le prince, et passe avec lui deux ou trois heures
à se promener. Quand l'heure du dîner fut venue, il
mène le prince dans son salon, où celui-ci, voyant trois
couverte, lui dit :-

Qui voulez-vous donc faire dîner avec nous? Je pensais que nous dinerions tête à tête.'

Notre tiers, monseigneur,' lui dit Rousseau, 'est un autre moi-même. C'est un être qui n'est ni ma femme, ni ma maîtresse, ni ma servante, ni ma mère, ni ma fille; et qui est tout cela à la foie.'

Je le crois, mon cher; mais n'étant venu que pour dîner avec vous tout seul, je ne dînerai pas avec votre autre vous-même, et je vous laisserai avec votre tout.'

En disant cela le prince le salua et partit. Rousseau ne chercha pas à le retenir.”

"Judge of my astonishment-for I had expected no such rencontre-when one night at a concert at Amsterdam, I saw Thérèse Imer walk upon the stage! I had not set eyes on her since 1753, when she left Venice to become the mistress of the Margrave of Bayreuth. Curiously enough, she sang an air beginning with the words, 'Eccoti giunta alfin, donna infelice.' She possessed a sweet voice, while a certain air of mystery, by which she was at that time environed, enhanced her popularity." Casanova tells us that after the Margrave dismissed her for infidelity she married a dancer named Pompeati, who, in a fit of madness, put an end to his own life. The Cornelys then went to Belgium, where she captivated Prince Charles of Lorraine, who appointed her chief directress over all theatres in Lower Austria. For that work she seems to have been singularly unfitted, and when she eventually gave it up she was abolutely penniless. With a view to meeting her liabilities she In accordance with Casanova's settled determi was compelled to part with all her diamonds and nation to make himself useful to the Comptrollervaluable lace. The sum thus acquired was but as General, he continued to pay assiduous court to a drop in the ocean, and the Cornelys would in- that minister, and eventually came forward with a fallibly have been arrested for debt had she not suggestion which may possibly have been a remote fled to Holland. It was to this accidental meeting ancestor to our present system of death duties. with Casanova that we are indebted for her pre- With perfect confidence in the honour and good sence in London, an incident in which I claim to faith of the Comptroller-General, Casanova probe personally interested, for, according to bio- posed the making of a law by virtue of which every graphers, my great-grandfather-proh pudor!-inheritance that did not actually descend from romped at one of her orgies in the garb of an old father to son should pay one year's income to the woman! The closing scenes of that eventful life State. Secondly, that all gifts made by legal and her dramatic death in the Fleet prison are process during the lifetime of the giver be subject known to readers of Mr. Walford's Old and New to the same tax as in the case of a defunct person. London'; I will merely add that the last scene of M. de Boulogne, who was always trying to "raise all forms a natural sequel to a career full of start- the wind," approved of this scheme, and, having ling episodes. placed the document in his portfolio, assured Casanova that he would certainly be rewarded. But, as bad luck would have it, a week later M. de Boulogne resigned, his successor being M. de Silbouette, with whom Casanova was not acquainted. Nevertheless he called upon that gentleman, and was told that nothing could be done for the moment, but on the promulgation of the law he would be duly recompensed. "As a matter of fact," says Casanova, "the law in question was promulgated two years afterwards; and when I claimed the authorship of that scheme I was laughed at for my pains."

One day in 1758, after Casanova's return from his first visit to Holland, his friend Madame d'Urfé expressed a wish to make the acquaintance of Jean Jacques Rousseau. They accordingly left Paris for Montmorency, under the pretext of giving the great man some music to copy, an employment which was then his principal source of income. Casanova says:—

"We found a man of simple and modest bearing, apparently possessed of strong common sense, but in no way remarkable either for his personal appearance or for his wit. He did not impress my companion favour ably, being neither amiable nor courteous.'

It may be added, in parenthesis, that Rousseau was at that time writing 'La Nouvelle Héloïse,' and must have been bored, if not absolutely annoyed, by that impudent intrusion. Casanova adds:

"We saw Thérèse Le Vasseur, the woman with whom he lived, and of whom we had heard so much; but she took little or no notice of us. After we had taken leave we compared our impressions, and discussed Rousseau's many peculiarities. The following anecdote, relative to

In 1760 Casanova went from Berne to Roche, a of the Rhone. The object of his journey was to small village not far from Villeneuve, in the valley make the acquaintance of the celebrated Albert de Haller, the friend and physician of Voltaire. “M. Haller," says Casanova,

"was a man six feet high and of commanding presence. He was a Colossus, both physically and intellectually. He received me politely, and, after reading my letter of introduction, was most affable. M. Haller m'ouvrit

tous les trésors de ses sciences, répondant à toutes mes loved most tenderly, he did not lie; and if Laura had questions avec précision, et surtout avec une rare not made her illustrious lover happy he certainly would modestie, qui me parut presque outrée.”” not have made her famous."

In Haller's frank, unostentatious nature there

Casanova tells us that Haller possessed the rare art of seeming himself to be acquiring the know-was a deep-rooted abhorrence of trickery and cant ledge that he propounded to others. He was a great physiologist, a doctor, and an anatomist, and had made some wonderful discoveries under the miscroscope. He was also a great botanist. There was but little in the sphere of science-as science was in those days understood-that Haller had not mastered, and he was in constant communication with the most celebrated persons of his time. His letter to Frederick the Great, pleading for the preservation of Latin as the universal language of science, prevented that monarch from pursuing his crusade against dead languages. Haller plainly told the king that a sovereign who should succeed in proscribing the language of Cicero and Virgil would only be raising a monument to his own invincible ignorance.

"C'est un homme qui mérite d'être connu, quoique, malgré les lois de la physique, bien des gens l'aient trouvé plus grand de loin que de près,” he said, when Casanova expressed his intention to visit that great man. Haller's mode of life is thus sketched :

"His table is good and abundant, notwithstanding his etrict sobriety, for he drinks nothing but water during dinner, and at dessert only a small glass of liqueur drowned in a tumbler of water. During the three days that I passed under Haller's roof he spoke much of the celebrated Boerhaave, whose favourite pupil he had been. He said that, after Hippocrates, Boerhaave was the greatest of physicians, and the greatest chemist that the world had ever seen. The fame of that distinguished man was so universal that people came from all parts of Europe to visit him, Peter the Great among others. Many believed that Boerhaave effected his wonderful cures by aid of the philosopher's stone.' Haller's opinion of La Nouvelle Héloïse' is interesting, That work had just made its appearance, and a friend sent the book to Haller asking his opinion upon it. He confessed that he had not read it through, but claimed to have read enough to enable him to pronounce upon it. "It is the worst of all romances, for the simple reason that it is unquestionably the most eloquent. On your way to Geneva you will pass the Pays de Vaud. But do not expect to be enchanted by the scenes that Rousseau has depicted, for in truth those scenes are purely imagi: nary. In a romance falsehood is, of course, permissible; but Rousseau has abused that privilege. When Petrarch proclaimed his love for the virtuous Laura, whom he

literary trickery most of all-and his chief objection to Rousseau as a writer was that the brilliancy of his style depended upon antithesis and paradox. If Julie d'Etanges had been a real person, beloved by the man who thus made her famous, Haller would have held 'La Nouvelle Héloïse' in high esteem. But the mere fact of Julie being a composite personage, over whose love and death the world was weeping, aroused his deepest scorn. Casanova tells us that Haller never spoke of his own literary works, for which he was so justly celebrated, and during conversation at his table he was singularly modest, and made a point of never contradicting any one. His virtues were austere, but that austerity was veiled by a true benevolence and a real love for his fellow creatures:

"Sans doute Haller estimait peu les ignorants qui veulent parler de tout, à tort et à travers, au lieu de se renfermer dans la misère que leur prescrit leur état, et qui ne savent au fond que tourner en dérision ceux qui savent quelque chose; mais il n'exprimait son mépris que par le silence. Il savait que l'ignorant méprisé est un ennemi, et Haller voulait être aimé."

Casanova, on taking leave of Haller, promised to write his impressions of Voltaire, a promise which spondence which would be well worth printing. he seems to have kept; and thus began a correCasanova, writing towards the close of his own life, tells us that he then possessed twenty-two letters from Haller, the last having been written only six months before that great man's death. I have perhaps given more prominence to this visit than the nature of my present task warranted. I can only say, by way of excuse, that Casanova's interviews with the great persons of his time are among those portions of his 'Memoirs' to which the attention of students has been attracted. In my next note I propose to describe his visit to Voltaire, who was at that time living at Les Délices. RICHARD EDGCUMBE.

33, Tedworth Square, S.W.

(To be continued.)

ROYAL COMMISSIONS.-The Westminster Gazette, naming the Standard, says the Government will not make the "innovation" of placing a woman on the Licensing Commission. The innovation was made by Mr. Asquith, who placed two women on a Royal Commission, but, oddly enough, did not give them the precedence to which they were entitled. In the case of two previous commissions the minister charged with the selection of names had proposed women, but the Home Secretary of the time had vetoed the proposal and been supported by the Cabinet in so doing.

The

refusal came from two Home Secretaries and two Cabinets.

of his life, if the spirit of these orchard plays reflect
the mind of their creator. Love of nature, ad-
miration of country, joy of living, loving, laughing,
peep out in all these works. Shakespeare was
always a profound humourist, but here the fun is
boisterous, far removed from the prescribed bond-
age of urban jollification. Again, in these plays
the prototypes of his characters are from nature, be
does not reincarnate. No traces of the following
creations have been discovered: Falstaff, Benedick,
Beatrice, Dogberry, Verges, Jaques, Touchstone,
Audrey, Malvolio, Sir Toby Belch, Sir Andrew
Aguecheek, Fabian, the clown Feste, Lafen,
Parolles, Launcelot-surely a goodly crowd. He was
not indebted to fiction or history for these cha-
racters; besides, most of the names are provincially
derived. 'Hamlet,' from a cause which I have
sought to explain, marks a period to his happy
rustication. He seeks once more his models from
literature or history, his scenes from the crowded
arena of life; his humour changes from mirth to
passion, from sunshine to shade. One can readily
believe that he spent much of his time in his
orchard. "In my chamber window lies a book;
bring it hither to me in my orchard." What
more delightful symposium might we desire than
one hour in the "pleached bower" with Shake-
speare, and the offer "of a last year's pippin of my
own graffing"?
W. A. HENDERSON.
Dublin.

It was at one time intended to ask Cardinal Vaughan to serve on the Licensing Commission; but some members of the Government shrank from reviving the question of precedence settled in Cardinal Manning's case (with Lord Salisbury's consent, although this was afterwards denied). R. H. T. SHAKSPEARE AND HIS ORCHARD. Early in the year 1597 Shakespeare purchased New Place for 60l., and thus acquired an estate "in great ruyne, and decay, and unrepayred." It speaks much for his thrift and energy that on 4 Feb., 1598, he is returned as the holder of ten quarters of corn. He also engaged in the culture of fruit. "It appears," says J. O. Halliwell-Phillipps, "from a comparison of descriptions of parcels, 1597 and 1602, that in the earlier years of his occupancy, he arranged a fruit orchard, and in that portion of his garden which adjoined the neighbouring premises in Chapel Street." The bare fact would interest little, did not his pomological labours affect his literary work. If we scan his plays up to 1597, and after 1604, we find that the outdoor scenes are laid in forests, parks, gardens, woods, and terraces. The orchard is mentioned twice in 'Romeo and Juliet,' 1593, and the final scene of 'King John,' 1595, is laid in the orchard of Swinstead Abbey (the situation in this instance is taken from the 'Troublesome History'); but in nearly all THE REV. JOSEPH STERLING.-The references the plays written between the years named some (8th S. ix. 237) to the Rev. James Sterling have scenes are laid or there are frequent references to induced me to refer to a volume I possess, orchards. In '2 Henry IV.,' 1598, "His lord-Poems by the Rev. Joseph Sterling' (London: ship [Northumberland] is walked forth into the Printed for G. G. J. and J. Robinson, Paternoster orchard"; later_in the same play Shallow proudly Row, MDCCLXXXIX). The preface, undated and offers to show Falstaff his orchard. Some of the unsigned, begins with this paragraph :— scenes in that delightful comedy 'Much Ado about Nothing,' 1600, are enacted in Leonato's the following Poems were published in Dublin; and "Some years have elapsed since the greatest part of orchard; it is in the pleached bower where honey-probably they would never have been printed in London, suckles ripen in the sun that Beatrice is so cunningly duped. 'As You Like It,' 1600, opens in an orchard, and 'Twelfth Night,' 1601, has some incidents in fruit-tree territory. In Hamlet,' 1602, twice it is stated that it was while "sleeping in mine orchard" that Hamlet's father met his fate; in Brutus's orchard (Julius Caesar,' 1604) the conspirators met and planned one of the big assassinations of the world; and, finally, in 'Troilus and Cressida,' 1606, in Pandarus's orchard, the Trojan wins the love of the false Cressida. The emphatic use of the possessive pronoun offers style of evidence not convincing, indeed, but still indicating Shakespeare's pride of possession; and his system of utilization-"walking in the thick pleached alley in my orchard," "nay, you shall see my orchard," and the duplex "mine" in Hamlet' -is significant, considering that Hamlet's father in the Hystorie' is taken off by the sword, and in his own palace. These were the most cheerful days

but that a critique appeared on them in Murray's Re view, for October, 1787: they are now offered to the public, that the public may judge for themselves."

The reviewer, it appears, termed some of Mr. Sterling's rhymes "Hibernian," and the author retorts that similar rhymes frequently occur in Pope, "whose pronunciation was never vitiated by crossing the Irish Channel."

Furthermore, the reviewer pounced on what be called a bull, upon which Mr. Sterling says, if it is a bull at all, it is the bull of Moschus, and Moschus was no Irishman. The reverend poet ends his preface good-humouredly by advising his critic never to go to Ireland: "there he will meet with no mercy; there

Bulls roam at large, and butt at all mankind.” The volume has no table of contents. The first poem, 'Cambuscan, or the Squire's Tale,' is dedicated to the Bishop of Down and Connor. I give the first four lines of the dedicatory sonnet :

What Chaucer sung in Woodstock's rural bow'rs,
Was marr'd by death, or Time's unsparing hand;
The swain of Malla next essay'd his pow'rs,

And the fair legend of Camballo plann'd.
The poem consists of three hundred and ten Spen-
serian stanzas: after stanza cxl., "Here ends
Chaucer"; after stanza ccxiii.," Here ends Spenser";
the rest, I presume, is pure Sterling.

Mr. Sterling seems to have been especially fond of Italian poetry, for, besides a poem of fifty-six stanzas, entitled 'La Gerusalemme Soggettita,' he bas 'The Death of Sacripante' and 'The Death of Orlando,' both from Rosset's continuation of Ariosto. In other directions there are an ode called 'The Scalder,' translations from Moschus and Apollonius Rhodius, and an Italian poem 'In Lode dell' Signor Torquato Tasso.'

Our poet, as was meet, seems to have been very susceptible to female beauty, and especially singles out a Miss Graham of Gartmore, to whom he writes:

The glorious lustre of your eye prevails,
More than the sweetness of Arabian gales :
Soon will Arabia's odorous breezes die,
But beams immortal sparkle in your eye.
Then there is a sonnet "On the 8th of May, the
birthday of Miss Graham of Gartmore, and of
Edward Gibbon, Esq.," ending with a reference to
Gibbon's splendid page and Graham's matchless
eyes.

The book is full of Irish associations, e.g.,
Sonnet to Sir Richard M'Guire, Kt., who ascended
in a Balloon at Dublin,' and 'An Ode for the
Installation of the Knights of St. Patrick.'

Had I taken part in it I should have suggested
that the advocates of the former went wrong in
treating dg as if subject to the same rules as g.
That g is hard when not followed by e or i is no
The combination dg is always soft, even where g is
reason for preferring "judgement" to "judgment."
hard, the d in front of the g having the same
softening effect as the e or i after it. Compare the
pronunciation of such names as Edgson or Hodg-
Egson and Hogson. Not only practically, but his-
son with what it would be if they were written
torically dg is distinct from g; and I think I may
safely defy any one to produce a word in which it
is hard before a consonant.
from this challenge compounds where the d and g
Of course, I except
belong to different roots. Seriously, I am collect-
these columns to oblige me with any words or
ing illustrations, and appeal to the readers of
names which may be pertinent. The vegetarian
restaurants frequent employ the Anglo-Indian
kedgree. In Cornwall there are several place-
names of the type of Cadgwith and Ludgvan.
JAS. PLATT, Jun.

COLERIDGE MSS.-At the sale of the collection of books, &c., formed by David Charles Read, of Kensington, sold by Messrs. Christie & Manson 7 April, 1853, lot 107 consisted of the following:

"A College Theme, written by Coleridge on the Study of History preferable to the Study of Natural PhiloAsophy; also a long unpublished letter of six pages, with 28 lines written at the King's Arms. Ross, the dated July 22, 1794, addressed to Mr. Martin, together whole entirely in Coleridge's hand and unpublished." 47. 10s. to H. B. It would, I think, be intereste This important lot sold for the very low amount of ing to know what has become of it.

I fear I have unduly trespassed on the hospitality of N. & Q.,' but perhaps it is better to give fairly full particulars of little-known men and works in the first instance than to leave a number of points for later inquiry.

It would seem probable that the Rev. James and the Rev. Joseph Sterling were related. Probably each will find a place in the 'D. N. B.' JAMES HOOPER.

Norwich,

THE LITERARY CLUB OF DR. JOHNSON AND
REYNOLDS.-It does not seem to have been recorded

in the extant memoirs of Lord Stowell, who died
in 1836, that he was the last survivor of this club,
which met, as Boswell tells us, at the Turk's Head,
Gerard Street, Soho. Sir William Scott (afterwards
Lord Stowell) was elected into the club before
Johnson's death, as were Bishop Percy, Garrick,
Sir William Jones, Boswell himself, Fox, Gibbon,
Steevens, Adam Smith, the two Dartons, Sheridan,
Dunning, Sir Joseph Banks, Windham, Malone,
and Dr. Burney.
E. WALFORD.
Ventnor.

86, Grosvenor Road, S.W.

W. ROBERTS.

BEN JONSON AND THE TRIBUTARIES OF THE TRENT.-In 'The Sad Shepherd,' i. 2, Jonson names as tributaries of the Trent

Dove,

Dean, Eye, Erwash, Idel, Snite, and Soare. these streams are mere brooks and of much less The selection is somewhat arbitrary, as some of named. The Eye is a small branch of the Wreke, importance than others that might have been which is, in turn, an affluent of the Soar; the Dean, I believe, is the same as the Devon (the two names appear to be used interchangeably in Parliamentary Gazetteer'); Snite is meant for Kelly's 'Directory of Notts' and Fullarton's the Smite (I do not know whether this correction has been made before), a very tortuous little stream which is one of the boundaries of my native parish, and of the counties of Nottingham and Leicester. It falls into the Devon near Shelton. The purpose of this note is to ask whether the last-named river is really the same as the Dean or not; and also whether the Smite