to poetry that the eighteenth century could boast. Con- Pleasant is it in Mr. Stephens's volume to contrast the jubilancy of the Court with the sorrows of the philosophers or those endowed with any vision or insight. On the one side we have the Duchesse de Choiseul writing to the Marquise du Deffand, "I am, like yourself, transported with joy at the victory"; on the other, we hear Voltaire exclaiming to La Harpe, "I see only death before me since Turgot is out of place. I cannot conceive how he could have been dismissed. A thunderbolt has fallen on my head and on my heart"; and, again, to D'Argental: "You believe that I am not dead because I write to you by my own feeble hand, but I am really dead since Turgot has been deprived of power." A thunderbolt was, indeed, about to fall, though neither Turgot nor Voltaire lived to witness its effects. It fell, moreover, chiefly, if not altogether, in consequence of the dismissal of Turgot. One can but quote once more with Mr. Stephens the often quoted saying of Malesherbes concerning Turgot, that "he had the mind of Bacon and the heart of L'Hospital." For those interested in studying the forces that brought about the French Revolution Mr. Stephens's book is full of interest. It will naturally commend itself to those occupied with economic questions. The book is written seriously and well, and the selection from Turgot's works is adequate to modern requirements. It is, of course, inevitable that much that was at the time original should now appear prosaic and commonplace. It is hard to find a stone to add to the cairn erected over the memory of the great Frenchman, Before all others he deserved, however, to be written down with the Abou Ben Adhem of Leigh Hunt's fable, one of "those who loved their fellow men," and who, not content with loving, served them also. The Utopia of Sir Thomas More. By J. H. Lupton, B.D. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.) THE avowed aim of Mr. Lupton in issuing an edition of the first English translation of More's Utopia' accompanied by the original Latin text is to treat the book "with something of the same exact care that is looked for, as a matter of course, in editing a classical author." With this aim in view Mr. Lupton has revised the text, noted the variations of the author and the readings of different editions, has supplied a thoughtful introduction and valuable notes, and has explained definitely or conjecturally the allusions to persons and events, real or imaginary. For scholarly purposes the edition thus obtained is the best that has seen the light. In days wherein the classics are by a section of the public being studied afresh in Tudor translations the editor is not likely to be blamed for preferring-with_Dibdin, Mr. Robert Roberts, Prof. Arber, and Mr. F. S. Ellis-the picturesque and characteristic, if diffuse, translation of Ralph Robynson," Citizein and Goldsmythe of London," to the later, though scarcely more familiar, rendering by Bishop Burnet. To the philologist at least Robynson will always be a delight. A glossary is appended to the volume, and can scarcely be regarded as a superfluity, the forms in which familiar words present themselves being often striking. "Mought" is doubtless known as a dialectal variant of moth, and as such finds a place in Wright and Halliwell. Moughteaten " might none the less be a stumbling-block to the inexperienced. To the communistic views which More advocates may probably be attributed the multiplication of modern editions; the handsomest edition of modern times is certainly due to the fact that the Utopia' is to some extent a Socialistic text-book. It is, however, a somewhat whimsical error to regard More as deliberately holding and maintaining all the views he puts into the mouth of Raphael Hythloday, his spokesman. See what is said (p. 231) of the store set in Utopia "by fooles," and the estimate formed of the man who is "so sadde and sterne that he cannot laughe nother at their wordes nor at their dedes," and the key to much that causes surprise and hesitation is found. More was known as an admirer of Lucian, some of whose dialogues, in conjunction with Erasmus, he translated from Greek into Latin. Of the inhabitants of Utopia he says that "they be delyted with Lucianes merye conceytes and iestes." Aristophanes, too, is among their favourite authors. Read by this light much that appears difficult is understood. Mr. Lupton in his introduction admits so much. More has more in common with Rabelais than is sus pected, and it is almost as much a mistake to read into the one as into the other a serious purpose. Rabelais, to use Coleridge's illustration, flashes you a serious face now and again. More wears occasionally with mock gravity the cap and bells. We must not, however, attempt here a parallel that would carry us far, nor must we attempt a discourse upon the Utopia.' We have but to congratulate students of literature generally, and of the humanities in particular, upon the appearance of an edition of the Utopia' no less scholarly in text, arrangement, and comment than in appearance. Mr. Lupton supplies translations of matters other than were included in Robynson's first edition, the only omission that has been made being the letter and verses of Joannes Paludanus, which Robynson himself banished from the second edition. To the list of illustrations of More's political economy supplied by Mr. Lupton in a note we will add, for his benefit, the Chinese proverb, "When one man is idle, one man starves." History of England under Henry the Fourth. By James Hamilton Wylie. Vol. III., 1407-1410. (Longmans & Co.) MR. WYLIE's estimate, on publishing a dozen years ago the first volume of his History of England under Henry the Fourth,' that the entire work could be compressed into two volumes, has proved over sanguine. The third volume even, which was promised on the appearance of the second, has proved inadequate, and he can now only hope that the fourth volume, which is in active progress, will serve to dispose of the remaining materials that have grown upon his hands. It is probable, since the end of Henry's reign is at hand, that this fourth volume will suffice. It is a fact, however, not wholly perhaps without significance, that whereas vol. i. describes the work as in two volumes, and vol. ii, as in three, vol. iii, abstains on the title-page from all mention of the number of volumes. Necessarily, of course, a history of England under Plantagenet kings leads one far afield. Not a few of Mr. Wylie's most interesting chapters deal with the difficulties experienced by the Bordelais in maintaining his staunch, if not wholly disinterested loyalty to the English Crown and the varying fortunes of the fight to maintain the sadly shrunken borders of Aquitaine. Another picturesque section deals with the maintenance of the English hold upon Calais, another barbican "of England from which she could at any time develope an attack." This brings in, of course, the Orleans and Burgundy combination, especially directed against England. We have then the striking picture of Charles VI. in his madness" biting his nails, plucking at his scant brown hair, and slobbering his food with a wolfish greed. His stark, gaunt body was eaten with sores and filthy with vermin, for he would not be washed, and they could only remove his clothes by sending ten or twelve men in various disguises to frighten him and strip him by force." The murder of Orleans and the subsequent flight of the Duke of Burgundy are briefly but vigorously described. Much space is devoted to the Papal Schism and the intrigues and difficulties to which it gave rise Lastly, so far as foreign affairs are concerned, an important chapter is devoted to the spread of Wicliffism in Bohemia, and especially in Prague. When ground so wide is covered the task of condensation becomes difficult. Fully, indeed, to treat the entire subject with which he deals would require almost double the space which even in his enlarged scheme the author has assigned himself. Turning to purely English affairs, the event of most signal importance is the crushing defeat of Northumberland on Bramham Moor. A vivid account is given of the desperate weather in which, on quitting Scotland, Northumberland embarked on the then unwonted venture of a winter campaign. The winter was known as "the great frost and ice," and was the worst, according to popular report, that had been known for a hundred years, and the small birds, which constituted an important source of food supply, perished by droves. Not long did Northumberland stand against the vigorous and passably disloyal attack of Sheriff Rokeby and his Yorkshiremen, and before long the head of the earl, "with its fringe of silver hair," was paraded through London on a pike, while that of Lord Bardolph was sent to Lincoln. Quite excellent is the account given of the English gilds and the pageants and sports executed under their patronage, of "the mayinges round the shaft," the Piffany mummings," and the Corpus Christi feast, "when the gildsmen carried torches, candles, and banners around the Blessed Sacrament' as it passed through the streets, and all the town turned out at sunrise to watch the annual play." Best of all the chapters is that on Oxford, where the effects are shown of Arundel's Constitution and his visitation, when the violent suppression of Lollardism left Oxford a shadow of itself, and in place of the profitable students-"the sons of kings, dukes, earls, barons, lords in Parliament, and rich London citizens"-showed her containing but seventy-one graduates all told. There are few existing books which cast upon English institutions in mediaval times a light more illuminating. For this reason we are anxious for the completion of Mr. Wylie's task, a full index being indispensable to the student who seeks to turn its treasures to account. Mr. Wylie's archaic English will be a recommendation or the contrary according to the taste of the readers. To those who are not weli up in philology it is at least a difficulty suggesting that a glossary might be a useful addition to the index. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith, WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate." H. COOKE ("Sussarara ").-The meaning of the word is diversely explained as a certiorari and a hard blow. See 6th S. ix. 132. R. M. SPENCE ("Objective ").-Familiar in all military evolutions. See the Imperial' and other dic tionaries. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE RIGHT HON. W. E. GLADSTONE. J. WHITAKER & SONS' PUBLICATIONS. The DAILY ROUND. Meditation, Prayer, and Praise. Adapted to the Course of the Christian Year. Imperial 32mo, cloth, 38.; Turkey roan, gilt edges, 4s. 6d. ; morocco, gilt edges, 6s. Foolscap 8vo, cloth, 4s. 6d. ; Turkey roan, gilt edges, 6s.; morocco, gilt edges, 9s. This favourite Manual is issued in Ten Editions, ranging in size from the smallest pocket Prayer Book to a large octavo, printed in very plain type, suitable for aged people whose eyesight is failing. Some of the editions are handsomely printed with red-line borders, &c. NOTES and QUERIES for DECEMBER 10th and The DAILY PSALMS. Vol. I. Morn 1892, and JANUARY 7th and 21st, 1893, contains a BIBLIO. GRAPHY of MR. GLADSTONE. Price of the Four Numbers, 1s. 4d.; or free by post, 18. 6d. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN DISRAELI, ING; Vol. II. EVENING. Each Volume complete in itself (sold separately); Meditations for Every Day in the Year. By the Author of The Daily Round.' Fcap. 8vo. cloth, 4s. 6d.; Persian roan, gilt edges, 68.; morocco, gilt edges, 9s. A Smaller Edition for the Pocket, imperial 32mo. is also ready, cloth, 3s.; Persian roan, gilt edges, 4s. 6d.; morocco, 6s. NOTES and QUERIES for APRIL 29, MAY 18th, DAILY LIFE: its Trials, Duties, and 27th, JUNE 10th, 24th, and JULY 8th, 1893, contains a BIBLIO TUNBRIDGE WELLS.—TO BE LET, FUR NISHED, for the SUMMER MONTHS, a SMALL HOUSE in central position, near both stations, having good open view to the South. Three Sitting-rooms, five Bed-rooms. Kitchen, &c., on the ground floor. Or part would be let with attendance.-Write AMOS, 18, Claremont-road, Tunbridge Wells. THE AUTHOR'S HAIRLESS PAPER-PAD. PREAS, Le London, E.C.) DIFFICULTIES. Short Practical Essays. By the Author of The Daily Round.' Fcap. 8vo. cloth, 48. 6d.; roan, gilt edges, 6s.; morocco, gilt edges, 98. The BOOK of PRIVATE PRAYER. Issued by Authority of the Lower House of Convocation of the Province of Canterbury. I. Short Forms of Daily Prayer for those having Little Time. Cloth, 6d.; roan, gilt edges, 1s. 6d. I. Forms for Use Twice Daily, with Prayers for Various Occasions. Cloth, 28.; roan, gilt edges, 3s. 6d. III. Forms for Use Seven Times Daily. A New Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Cloth, 3s.; roan, gilt edges, 4s. 6d. Contains hairless paper, over which the pen slips with perfect The NARROW WAY. freedom. Sixpence each. 5s. per dozen, ruled or plain. KPHAST Paste really STICK PH sticks. BANK. Southampton-buildings, Chancery-lane, London. TWO-AND-A-HALF PER CENT. INTEREST allowed on DEPOSITS, repayable on demand. A Complete Manual of Devotion. With a Guide to Confirmation and Holy Communion. 48mo. cloth, 6d. ; or neatly bound in roan, with gilt edges, 18. 6d. Large-Type Edition, 18mo. cloth, 1s.; or neatly bound in roan, gilt edges, 2s. In very bold type, strongly bound in cloth, 7d. TWO PER CENT. on CURRENT ACCOUNTS, on the minimum The HOLY COMMUNION. By MARGARET MOULE, Author of 'Shadowed by Silence,' 'Scarlet Court,' The Thirteenth Brydain,' 'Catherine Maidment's Burden,' &c. LONDON: 12, ST. BRIDE-STREET, LUDGATE-CIRCUS, E.C. Printed by JOHN C. FRANCIS, Athenæum Press. Bream's-buildings, Chancery-lane, E.C.; and Published by the said VOL. I. NOW READY AT THE BOOKSELLERS'. THE CENTENARY BURN S. Edited by W. E. HENLEY and T. F. HENDERSON. A FEW EARLY PRESS NOTICES. PALL MALL GAZETTE. MANCHESTER COURIER. "It is not too much to say that this work is the finest tribute which the present epoch will pay to the memory of Scotland's greatest poet......Were it for the text alone the work would be unique, but the notes, of which there are 130 pages in the first volume, give the special value to the edition; indeed, we question if any British poet, save Shakeon Milton, has received critical treatment on a scale such as is here accorded to Burns." "It is a rare satisfaction to be able to say that we possess at last the definitive, final edition of Burns. It has been a century and more in arriving, but it is well worth waiting for...... Henceforth if any fresh edition of Burns be called for (and it may be feared that the present editors have left nothing for those who follow them), it is at least certain that an entirely new standard of editing the poet has been estab-speare, and setting aside Professor Masson's colossal labours lished......The distinction of the latest edition is that Burns is treated with critical respect, due to a genius and a classic. ......In amassing and handling their vast bulk of material it is not enough to say that Mr. Henley and Mr. Henderson have succeeded. They have succeeded to a degree that puts their forerunners to the blush......Mr. Henley and Mr. Henderson have had a great occasion, a superb opportunity, and that they have risen to the one and made use of the other is manifest in every line of their work." SCOTSMAN. "From cover to cover this [the first volume] yields testimony of the care and the thought, the taste and the cost bestowed upon its production...... Of the scholarship and literary acumen displayed in the notes, it is also not easy to speak in adequate terms of praise......Its wealth of beautiful original etchings [in the Illustrated Edition] by W. Hole." NOTES AND QUERIES. "To the present generation this latest, handsomest, and most trustworthy edition of Burns will suffice." MORNING POST. "Altogether this edition promises, so far, to be one of the best that has hitherto appeared of the works of the national poet of Scotland." ARBROATH HERALD. "Messrs. Jack have immensely increased the indebtedness of Scotsmen to them by celebrating the year that marks the centenary of Burns' death by the publication of a Centenary Edition of 'The Poetry of Robert Burns.' This is the edition of Burns' poetry for students." YORKSHIRE POST. "From the introductory volume before us, it is not too much to say that the edition promises to be at once the most complete, most scholarly, and most handsome that has yet seen the light......One innovation, which we are glad to welcome as a practical improvement, we notice in the simple translation of doubtful dialect words in the margin, instead of carrying all such notes into a jumble of reference at the bottom of the page." GLASGOW HERALD. "Undoubtedly a model of typographical excellence, while no words of praise are too strong for the three portraits [in the Library Edition] with which it is adorned." DUNDEE COURIER. "The present has been named 'The Centenary Burns,' and it is in every respect worthy of the title." DUNDEE ADVERTISER. "It is such a volume as the book-collector will handle with delight, and place in an honoured position on his shelves." DUMFRIES STANDARD. "Don't be afraid. I'll be more respected and honoured years after I am dead than I am at present.' The care bestowed upon this edition of his writings is a precious contribution to the fulfilment of that prophecy." An Essay, by Mr. HENLEY, ON the LIFE and GENIUS of BURNS,' will appear in Vol. IV. The Work (which is printed by Constable) will be published in Two Forms, viz. : LIBRARY EDITION, in 4 vols. tall crown octavo, printed on Arnold's unbleached Hand-made Paper, containing facsimilia of MSS. and Reproductions in Photogravure of all the authentic Portraits, limited to 600 copies for this country and 150 for America, numbered and signed by the Publishers, at 10s. 6d. the vol. net. ILLUSTRATED EDITION, in 4 vols. demy octavo, printed on superfine paper, and containing an Etched Portrait and from 20 to 24 Original Etchings by W. Hole, R.S.A., on Japanese vellum, price 10s. 6d. the vol. net. Of this Edition there will be a limited impression of 90 numbered Large-Paper Copies on Arnold's Hand-made Paper, with the Etchings printed on Japanese vellum as proofs before letters, price 11. 11s. 6d. the vol. net. Edinburgh: T. C. & E. C. JACK. |