his Latin Dictionary was posthumously printed at Cambridge from his unfinished MS in 1888. He was head-master of University College School in 1828-75. In 1833-42 his colleague in that office was Henry Malden (1800-1876), Fellow of

Malden Trinity, Cambridge, and professor of Greek at

University College from 1831 to his death. He was an excellent teacher, but he published hardly anything except an 'Introductory Lecture' (1831), a small volume 'on the origin of universities and academical degrees' (1835), and a paper on the number of the chorus in the Eumenides' (1872).

Long

Their contemporary, George Long (1800-1879), Fellow of Trinity, Cambridge, who, as Craven Scholar, was declared equal to Macaulay and Malden, preceded Malden as professor of Greek in 1828-31 and succeeded Key as professor of Latin in 1842-6'. He published 'two dissertations on Roman Law' in 1827, edited Cicero's Orations in the Bibliotheca Classica, and produced a school edition of Caesar's Gallic War, together with translations of thirteen of Plutarch's Lives connected with the Civil Wars of Rome (1844-6), and of the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius (1862) and the Manual of Epictetus (1877). His work as a historian is mentioned at a later point. He contributed numerous articles on Roman Law and other subjects to the great series of Dictionaries. organised by William Smith (1813-1893), who was educated at University College, and, after holding professorships in London, became classical examiner in the University (1853). Smith's Dictionaries of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1842 etc.), Biography and Mythology (1843 etc.) and Geo1 Like Key, he had begun his career as a professor (of ancient languages) in Virginia (1824-8).

W. Smith

In organising and superintending this series in 1851-8 Long was associated with A. J. Macleane (who edited Horace, Juvenal and Persius). The series included Paley's editions of Aeschylus and Euripides and of Homer's Iliad and Hesiod; Blakesley's Herodotus, R. Whiston's Demosthenes, P. Frost's Annals of Tacitus, Thompson's Phaedrus and Gorgias, Blaydes and Paley's Sophocles, and Conington's Virgil.

3

P. 439 infra.

The third edition was revised and enlarged in 1890 under the editorship of W. Wayte (editor of Plato's Protagoras and Demosthenes, Androtion and Timocrates), and G. E. Marindin, late Fellows of King's College, Cambridge.

graphy (1857), were followed by Dictionaries of the Bible and of Christian Antiquities and Christian Biography. The abridgements of the first two of these are well known to classical students'. The Latin and English Dictionary of 1855 etc., founded on Forcellini and Freund, has its counterpart in the English and Latin Dictionary of 1870, compiled with the aid of Theophilus D. Hall, Fellow of University College, London, and other scholars. Smith's series of Latin and Greek textbooks included an excellent School History of Greece (1854 etc.). The notes to his editions of parts of Tacitus and Plato were avowedly borrowed from German sources. Many articles in his Dictionaries were written by his brother, the Rev. Philip Smith (1817-1885), whose most substantial work was an Ancient History in three volumes (1868). William Smith, who was editor of the Quarterly Review for the last 26 years of his life and was knighted in 1892, deserves to be remembered as a great organiser of learned literary labour. When he received his honorary degree at Oxford, he was justly described by Lord Salisbury as vir in litterarum republica potentissimus.

Rich

A 'Dictionary of Roman and Greek Antiquities, with nearly 2000 engravings illustrative of the industrial arts and social life of the Greeks and Romans', was the best-known work of Anthony Rich (1821-1891), honorary Fellow of Gonville and Caius College', who also published an illustrated edition of Horace's Satires (1870). His Dictionary. attained a third edition in 1873, and had meanwhile been translated into French, Italian, and German.

Editions of the Menaechmi and Aulularia of Plautus, with Latin notes and glossaries, were published in 1836-9 by James Hildyard, Fellow of Christ's (1809-1887).

Hildyard

A revised text of Horace, with illustrations from ancient gems, selected by the learned archaeologist, C. W. King', Munro was produced in 1869 by Hugh Andrew Johnstone

1 The 'Classical Dictionary' has long superseded that of Dr John Lempriere (1788 etc.), a native of Jersey, who was educated at Winchester and at Pembroke College, Oxford, and was headmaster of Bolton, Abingdon and Exeter Schools (1765?—1824).

2

Cp. Venn's Biographical History, ii 183 (1898).

31818-1888, Fellow of Trinity, Cambridge, and author of six works on gems in 1860-72.

Munro (1819-1885), educated at Shrewsbury, Fellow of Trinity, and first professor of Latin in the University of Cambridge. He held the professorship for three years only (1869–72), but, in those years, he gave the first impulse to a reform in the English pronunciation of Latin1.

The reform was independently supported by Mr H. J. Roby in his Latin Grammar (1871), and by Mr A. J. Ellis in his Practical Hints on the Quantitative Pronunciation of Latin (1874), and was further promoted by the Cambridge Philological Society in a pamphlet on the Pronunciation of Latin in the Augustan Period (1886), and by Professors E. V. Arnold and R. S. Conway in the Restored Pronunciation of Greek and Latin". The question of Latin in particular was taken up by the Classical Association of Scotland (1904), and by that of England and Wales (1905); a scheme of pronunciation was approved by the Philological Societies of Oxford and Cambridge, discussed by the various Conferences of Head-Masters and Assistant-Masters; sanctioned by the Board of Education (1906), and unanimously recommended by the Special Board for Classics in Cambridge (1907)3.

In 1864 the fruit of many years of strenuous study appeared in Munro's masterly edition of Lucretius, with critical notes and with a full explanatory commentary, and a vigorous rendering in English prose. Of the editor it has been justly observed, that of Lachmann and Ritschl, though a sincere admirer, he was no slavish imitator; but rather an independent discovererin regions which their labours made accessible to other explorers". His other works include an edition of the Aetna of an unknown poet, 'Criticisms and Elucidations of Catullus", and Emendations of the fragments of Lucilius". He was hardly less masterly as a Greek critic. In 1855 he was the first to maintain the Eudemian origin of the fifth book of Aristotle's Ethics'; and late in life he paid special attention to the text of Euripides. His Translations

1 Pamphlet, 1871; Palmer and Munro's Syllabus, 1872.

3 Cp. Proceedings of Cl. Assoc. of England and Wales, Jan. 1905, 7–18; Oct. 1906, 44-62; and The Times, 2 Apr. 1907 (S. E. Winbolt); 3 Apr. (J. E. Sandys); 6 Apr. (G. G. Ramsay); also Appendix B and C (p. 29) to J. P. Postgate's pamphlet, How to pronounce Latin, 1907.

W. H. Thompson in Journ. of Philol. xiv 107 f.

1878; new ed. 1906.

6 Journ. of Philol. vii 292 f, viii 201 f.

7 Journal of Cl. and Sacred Philol. ii 58—81.

8 Journ. of Philol. x 233 f; xi 267 f.

S. III.

28

into Latin and Greek Verse1 are justly held in high repute. Though not, like Kennedy, 'an original Latin poet', he displayed in his Latin verse 'a masculine vigour' that was all his own. He won the admiration of another master of the craft by his version of Gray's 'Elegy,'—qui stant quasi marmore versus | et similes solido structis adamante columnis3. He was apparently in the enjoyment of vigorous health, when he died at Rome at the age of sixty-five'.

A. S. Wilkins

A standard edition of Cicero, De Oratore, was prepared for the Clarendon Press in 1879-92 by Augustus Samuel Wilkins (1843-1905), of St John's College, Cambridge, for thirty-four years professor of Latin at Owens College, Manchester, who also edited Cicero's Speeches against Catiline and Horace's Epistles, contributed to the ninth edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica the long and important articles on the Greek and Latin languages, and, in conjunction with Mr E. B. England, translated G. Curtius' Principles of Greek Etymology, and also his work on the Greek Verb. His fine scholarship and his wide literary knowledge gave real value to his editions of classical texts, and he also did good service in introducing to English readers the results of German research. One of his earliest publications was a Prize Essay on National Education in Greece. Education was the subject of his contribution to the Cambridge Companion to Greek Studies (1905); and a sketch of Roman Education was his latest work (1905).

Conington

The first professor of Latin at Oxford was John Conington (1825-1869), who was educated at Rugby and held the Latin Professorship for the last fifteen years of his short life. He is widely known as the editor of Virgil (1863-71) and of Persius (1872). Besides translating both of these poets into English prose, he rendered into English verse

1 Privately printed, 1884; published (with portrait), 1906.

2 Thompson, Journ. of Philol. xiv. 109.

T. S. Evans, Latin and Greek Verse, 25.

• W. H. Thompson, Journ. of Philol. xiv 107–110; J. D. Duff in Biogr. Jahrb. 1885, 111–117, and in preface to Munro's Translations, ed. 1906, and to reprint of his Translation of Lucretius, 1908.

J. E. Sandys, in The Eagle, xxvii 69--84, and in Biogr. Jahrb. 1906,