unfortunate differences between Jahn and himself that he resigned his professorship and withdrew entirely from Prussia, to spend the rest of his life at the Saxon university of Leipzig'. Foremost among the supporters of Ritschl's views was Alfred Fleckeisen (1820-99), a native of Wolfenbüttel, who was educated at Fleckeisen Helmstedt, and who studied under Schneidewin at Göttingen. In his earliest independent work, the Exercitationes Plantinae (1842), he was inspired by the example of Bentley, Reiz, Hermann and Ritschl. From that time forward he was closely associated with Ritschl, and, on the appearance of the first volume of the edition of Plautus, welcomed it as supplying in all important points a firm foundation for the future study of the text2. In this spirit he edited the Teubner text of ten plays, with a full Epistola Critica addressed to Ritschl (1850-1). He also published a text of Terence (1857), which marked the first important advance since the time of Bentley. Fleckeisen was for many years Conrector of a School at Dresden, and for 43 years editor of the Jahrbücher für Philologie3. Wilhelm Studemund (1843-1889), besides transcribing and publishing in 1874 the palimpsest of Gaius discovered by Niebuhr at Studemund Verona, devoted himself with the most strenuous industry to the deciphering of the Ambrosian palimpsest of Plautus. He also produced a large number of papers on Plautine subjects, together with monographs on points of early Latin Grammar and Prosody prepared by his pupils under his direction at Strassburg". The conservative side, among editors of Plautus, was meanwhile represented by Geppert and Moritz Crain, and by the Danish scholar, Johann Ludwig Ussing. Ritschl's Plautine studies were acutely criticised by Bergk in a series of reviews and programs, and in a special work on the final D in Latin (1870). His views on the relation of the word-accent to the verse-accent in Plautus were opposed by an eminent investigator of the early history of the Latin language, Wilhelm Corssen (1820— 1875), in his work on Latin pronunciation, vocalisation and Corssen 1 Curt Wachsmuth in Ritschl's Kleine Schriften, iii pp. x—xviii ; L. Müller, Fr. Ritschl, eine wissenschaftliche Biographie (1877; ed. 2, 1878); and esp. O. Ribbeck, F. W. Ritschl, ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Philologie, 2 vols. 384+591 pp., 1879-81 (with two portraits); cp. Bursian, ii 812-840; Rohde, Kl. Schr. ii 452—462; Gildersleeve, in A. J. P. v 339–355. Bibliography in Ritschl's Kleine Schriften, v 725-756. 2 Jahrb. f. Philol. Ix 234 f; lxi 17 f. 3 Biogr. Jahrb. 1900, 125-147; portrait in Commentationes Fleckeisenianae (1890). 4 p. 80 supra. Apographum, posthumously published in 1890. Studien, 1873-. Cp, Biogr. Jahrb. 1889, 82-103. 7 p. 140 supra. 8 Plautina in Opusc. i 3—208. accentuation (1858-9). Corssen also wrote on the early history of Roman poetry (1846), on the language of the Volsci (1858) and the Etruscans (1874-5), besides papers on Latin Accidence (1863-6) and articles in Kuhn's Zeitschrift1, and in the Ephemeris Epigraphica (1874). The dispute between Corssen and Ritschl prompted one of Ritschl's pupils, Friedrich Schöll, to collect and sift all the evidence of the old grammarians on Latin accent, and to inquire into the nature of that accent and the importance of the word-accent in Latin verse (1876). The evidence of the old grammarians had already been discussed at Bonn in 1857 in an important dissertation by another of Ritschl's pupils, Peter Langen (1835-1897), the author of Plautine Beiträge (1880) and Studien (1886), who was a professor at Münster for the last 27 years of his life. Langen W. Wagner Among the scholars inspired with the new interest in Plautine studies was Wilhelm Wagner of Hamburg (1843-1880), who edited the Aulularia, Trinummus, and Menaechmi, as well as the whole of Terence, with English notes. Julius Brix (1815-1887), who was born and bred at Görlitz, and studied under Ritschl at Breslau, was in 1838 awarded the prize for an essay on the principles followed in Bentley's Terence, and in 1841 produced a dissertation on the prosody of Plautus and Terence. After holding minor scholastic appointments, he was Pro-Rector at Leignitz in 1854-82. At Leignitz he produced several editions of the Trinummus, Captivi, Menaechmi and Miles Gloriosus3. August Lorenz (b. 1836), who was educated at Copenhagen and ultimately became a school-master in Berlin, edited the Mostellaria, Miles Gloriosus and Pseudolus (1866-76), and wrote many papers and reviews on Plautine subjects. Lastly, Oskar Seyffert (1841-1906), who was educated in Berlin O. Seyffert under his namesake, Moritz Seyffert (1809-1872, the editor of Cicero's Laelius), and was for forty years on the staff of the Sophien-gymnasium of Berlin, devoted a large part of his energies to the study of Plautus'. He saw through the press Studemund's Apographon of the Ambrosian palimpsest, enriching it with an important Index Orthographicus (1889); and he was ever ready to place his minute and varied learning at the service of other students of his favourite author". 1 Vols. x, xvi, xviii. 2 Editor of Val. Flaccus (p. 194 infra); Biogr. Jahrb. 1898, 1—13. Biogr. Jahrb. 1887, 63-68. 4 His works include Studia Plautina (1874), and surveys of Plautine literature (1883-94), in Bursian's Jahresbericht. He expanded and improved E. Munk's History of Latin Literature; and himself produced a Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1882), the English edition of which was revised and enlarged by H. Nettleship and J. E. Sandys (1891). See esp. E. A. Sonnenschein, in Athenaeum, 4 Aug. 1906, p. 130 f. CHAPTER XXXI. EDITORS OF GREEK CLASSICS. IN turning to the other contemporaries, and the successors, of Ritschl, we shall find it convenient to group them according to the main subject of their studies, beginning with the editors of the Greek Classics. Karl Wilhelm Dindorf (1802-1883), the eldest son of a professor of Hebrew at Leipzig, lost his father at Dindorf the age of ten. Having thus been mainly left to his own resources, he acquired a singular independence of character and a habit of indomitable industry, not unaccompanied by a certain lack of principle and a disregard for social conventions. At the age of fifteen he studied at Leipzig under C. D. Beck and Hermann, supporting himself by correcting proofs for the press. He began his career as an editor by completing in seven volumes (1819-26) the edition of Aristophanes begun in two by Invernizi (1797), and continued in four more by Beck (1809-19). He also produced critical editions of separate plays, reprinting the notes of Hermann, Monk, and Elmsley, together with a complete collection of the Fragments (1829). Meanwhile, he had brought out an edition of Pollux and of Harpocration, and had published, for the first time, certain of the works of the grammarians, Herodian and Philoponus, besides a new edition of Stephanus of Byzantium. For the Teubner series of Greek texts with critical notes, begun in 1824, he edited Homer, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Aristophanes, as well as Aeschines, Isocrates, Demosthenes, and the Memorabilia of Xenophon. His brother Ludwig (1805-1871) edited the rest of Xenophon, together with Hesiod, Euripides, and Thucydides. In the new series of texts begun in 1849, Homer, Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Demosthenes were edited anew by Wilhelm, and Xenophon by Ludwig. All the Greek dramatists were further edited by the former, with notes and scholia, for the Clarendon Press (1832-63). The text of the whole was first printed in a single volume in 1830, the well-known Poëtae Scenici Graeci, which attained a fifth edition in 1869. The Lexicon Sophocleum of 1871 was withdrawn from sale, owing to an unauthorised use of the lexicon of Ellendt (1834 f), a new edition of which was published by Genthe in 1869-721. Dindorf's Lexicon Aeschyleum, founded on that of Wellauer (1830), was completed in 1876. His volume on the metres of the dramatists, with a chronologica scenica, was a careful and useful work (1842). His editions of Aeschylus and Sophocles were founded on a careful collation of the Laurentian мs by Dübner. He edited, for the Didot series, Sophocles and Aristophanes, with Herodotus, Lucian, and part of Josephus; and, for the Clarendon Press (besides the dramatists), Homer and Demosthenes with the scholia; also the scholia to Aeschines and Isocrates, the lexicon of Harpocration, and the works of Clement of Alexandria. To the new Tauchnitz series he contributed a text of Lucian. Among the texts prepared by him for other publishers were Athenaeus, Aristides, Themistius, Epiphanius, the praecepta ad Antiochum of Athanasius, and the 'Shepherd' of Hermas. The credit of taking part in producing the first edition of this undoubtedly genuine work was unfortunately impaired by his publication of the 'palimpsest of Uranius' on the chronology of the Egyptian kings, which had been fabricated by the discoverer of the genuine Hermas, the notorious Constantine Simonides. At an early age Dindorf was nominated to 'extraordinary' professorships at Berlin and Leipzig. Failing to be appointed to succeed Beck in 1833, he took up the task of K. B. Hase, as editor of Didot's Paris edition of Stephanus' Thesaurus Graecitatis, and the main part of the work, ending with 1864, was done by the brothers Dindorf, who had begun to help as early as 1831. The younger brother, Ludwig, was thrown into the shade by his 1 Cp. Dindorf in Jahrb. f. cl. Philol. xcix 103, 105; and Genthe in Zeitschrift f. Gymn. xxvi. S. III. ΙΟ elder brother, and, as he never appeared in public, a legend arose that he did not exist, but was invented by Wilhelm to help to account for the extraordinary number of editions that appeared under the name of Dindorf. Ludwig edited (in addition to the texts already mentioned') Dion Chrysostom and the Greek Historians, including Xenophon, Diodorus, Dio Cassius, Polybius, the Historici Graeci Minores, with Zonaras, and the Didot edition of Pausanias. Wilhelm Dindorf's industry and thrift made him, in the early part of his career, a prosperous man, and in 1837 he became a Director of the Leipzig and Dresden Railway. But his life ended in gloom. In 1871 he had to lament the death of his younger brother. A few months later, at the age of 70, he lost his all by speculations on the stock-exchange, and was even compelled to part with his library. But he still worked on, producing (in 1873-6) his lexicon to Aeschylus, and (in 1875-80) his complete edition of the scholia to the Iliad. His hand-writing remained clear to the very last, and there was but little failure of his bodily powers. After his death, the greatest misfortune that befell his memory was that even his former friends forgot and disowned him2. The Greek poets were the main theme of study with Dindorf's contemporary, Johann Adam Hartung (1802-1867), who studied Hartung at Erlangen and Munich, and was Director of the gymnasium at Erfurt for the last three years of his life. An over-fondness for conjectural criticism was his main characteristic as an editor of the texts of the Greek elegiac, melic, iambic, tragic, and bucolic poets, which he published with verse-translations, and with critical and explanatory notes. He also translated Aristotle's Treatise on Poetry, with notes and excursuses. In his Euripides Restitutus (1843–5), a work inspired by an unbounded admiration for the poet whose name it bears, he analyses all the extant plays, and even discusses the plots of those that have survived in fragments alone. His earliest works were on Greek Particles, and on Roman Religion. The second of these was of far higher value than his latest work on the Religion and Mythology of the Greeks. The Lyric Poets of Greece are associated with the name of Bergk 1 p. 144 f supra. Biogr. Jahrb. 1883, 112—121; Bursian, ii 861—870.· |