consistence of honey, possessing a fragrant smell, somewhat resembling that of the preceding, solid species. But the drug of this name kept in the shops, is an artificial compound of the concrete storax, common resin, wine, and oil, properly incorporated. Whether genuine or spurious, it is only used externally as a balsamic. stance. For a more diffuse account of such contrivance, the reader will consult the 12th vol. of the Repertory of Arts, &c. where it is illustrated with an engraving. of bread, particularly that prepared of oats, with a cheapness and facility not hitherto experienced. It may be manufactured from any metal, or even from clay, of any size or shape; and either with or without an oven: the door for supplying fuel, together with the pipe or flue for carrying off the smoke, may be fixed in any part of the STOVE, in domestic economy, stove. Besides, this machine may a contrivance, or apparatus, in be used in any situation, whether which fires are made, with the on land or at sea; being easily view of conveying heat throughout portable, and requiring only onehouses,churches,or other buildings. fifth part of the fuel consumed in A Mr. SHARP procured a patent, the common way; as it may be several years since, for certain easily heated with coke, coals, improvements, which are calculat- wood, charcoal, or any other subed to obviate the inconveniences [of FRANKLIN's stoves.] Thus, by adding a funnel to the top, these fire-places can be adapted to any chimnies; and, if the funnel be lengthened, it may be accommo- A patent was likewise granted to dated to libraries, ball-rooms, or Mr. EDWARD WALKER, for a portother buildings, which have not able Stove or Kitchen; to facilithe advantage of a chimney. Mr. tate the processes of cooking, or S.'s stove-grates are provided with dressing provisions. The whole a hollow base; in consequence of is manufactured of either cast or which, he is enabled to apply them, wrought iron; having a fire-place without any additional brick-work, in its centre, which is inclosed by more effectually to the purpose of a door: beneath is an ash-hole; and heating rooms, than is practicable on each side, there is a closet, one with those on FRANKLIN'S con- of which may be employed for struction: at the same time, by his baking; the other will contain two alterations in the air-box, a larger spits, with racks, &c. complete; portion of air is introduced. Our the top may be used as a broilinglimits permit us only to add, that plate, heated by the same fire; Mr. SHARP's stove-grates may be accommodated to every building, whether public or private: and we refer the reader to his "Account of the Air-Stove-Grates," &c. 8vo. In June, 1796, a patent was granted to Mr. WILLIAM WHITTINGTON, for his invention of a Portable Baking Stove. The pa tentee asserts, that the contrivance is calculated for baking all kinds while the smoke is carried off through an iron funnel, having a smoke-jack for the purpose of turning the spits. A more complete idea of this stove may be obtained from the 15th vol. of the Repertory, &c. where the specification is illustrated with an engraving......See also the articles FIRE-PLACE, FURNACE, GRATES, and KITCHEN. Such is the manner in which these kinds of stoves are generally constructed; but Dr. ANDERSON has lately contrived another apparatus, upon a new plan, and accommodated to his Patent Hothouse (See HOт-HOUSE.): as, however, a mere description of his peculiar stove would convey an imperfect idea of the invention, we are obliged to refer the curious reader, as well as the lover of horticulture, to the first volume of the new series of Dr. A.'s Recreations in Agriculture, &c. where the principle is fully developed, and illustrated with several cuts. STRAINS, in farriery, denote such accidental injuries as sometimes happen to horses, by a violent or unnatural distention or stretching of their muscles or tendons; in consequence of which, the animals suffer great pain, and are generally lamed. The treatment of this affection Dry-stoves are built of bricks, in the form of flues, which are conveyed either beneath the pavement, or attached to the back wall of the house; one being constructed above another, and returned six or eight times throughout the whole length of the building. In such stoves, it is necessary to arrange must be regulated according to the the pots on shelves, rising pro- situation of the injured parts. Thus, gressively. Their dimensions ought if the ligaments, that connect the to be adapted to the number of thigh, or other bones, be strained, plants to be preserved; the floor it will be advisable to turn the being elevated to a greater or horse into a good pasture; as the of the ground, according to the his health from becoming impairsmaller height above the surface richness of the food will prevent or dryness of the ed; and the gentle exercise in the field will preserve the joints from Where the shoulder has thus natural humidity part affected must be well bathed three times every day with hot vinegar, or verjuice in which soap has been dissolved. But, in case no swelling appear, the animal ought to rest for two or three days, and the muscles should be rubbed with opodeldoc, or with a mixture of camphorated spirit of wine; and oil of turpentine, in the proportion of two parts of the former to one of the latter. Poultices, consisting of oatmeal, rye-flour, or bran boiled in vinegar or wine-lees, together with a sufficient portion of hog's-lard, to render them soft, will be of great service, if timely applied; and, when the inflammation subsides, the strained parts may be bathed with either of the liniments before specified, till the perfect use of the limb be restored. The pasterns, and knees, are liable to strains, chiefly in consequence of blows, or similar ill usage: if they be much swelled, a poultice may be applied, and the parts treated in the same manner as the shoulder; or, they may be bathed with a liquor compounded of one pint of vinegar, four ounces of camphorated spirit of wine, and two drams of white vitriol, previously dissolved in a little water. As these parts are generally subject to great weakness, after violent strains, the horse should be sent to a level pasture, which will greatly promote his recovery. sal ammoniac may be added..... Lastly, if any internal callosities remain, it will be advisable to fire the joint carefully with razes, or lines set closely together; after which, a mercurial plaster should be applied; but, in case such concretions appear externally, they may be removed by the repeated use of the blistering plaster, the composition of which has been specified under the article BONE-SPAVIN; omitting, however, the sublimate, on account of its corrosive nature. STRANGLES, a disorder incident to colts and young horses: it becomes evident from a collection of impure humours, that are discharged by the nostrils, or by suppuration from the glands, situated beneath the bones of the lower jaw. The symptoms, indicating this disease, are, loss of appetite, dullness, and inactivity; a hollow, dry, cough; and, progressively, intense thirst: as its virulence increases, the animal becomes languid ; and, in consequence of the painful tumours formed in the jaw-bone, will at length be unable to swallow. The first object of attention, in case the fever continue moderate, and the evacuations be regularly performed, is to examine the swelling, and promote suppuration; which may be effected by cutting off all the hair contiguous to the tumified part, and fomenting it for ten minutes with flannels, dipped in strong and hot decoctions of marsh-mal The last case deserving notice, is that of strains in the hock.... low, chamomile, or similar emoThese must be bathed in cooling and corroborant liquids; but, if the ligaments be injured, it will be proper to foment them with woollen cloths, dipped in a hot mixture of verjuice and spirit of wine, to which a small quantity of crude lient vegetables. The following poultice must then be applied, namely: Take coarse bread crumbs; barley meal; and elder-flowers, of each two handfuls; boil them in a sufficient portion of milk; and, while the mixture is hot, add three oz. of turpentine, and six oz. of hog's-lard. The quantity thus prepared will be sufficient for two or three poultices, which ought to be used moderately warm, and be firmly secured, every night and morning, after repeating the fomentation for five or six days; or till a suppuration be effected. When the discharge ceases, the following ointment, spread on tow, should be applied to the wound, and the poultice laid over it, to promote the healing of the ulcerated part: ...Take of resin, and Burgundy pitch, six oz. each; of hog's-lard, 4 oz.; of honey and common turpentine, two oz. each; and one oz. of yellow wax. These ingredients must be melted together: on removing the mixture, two drams of finely pulverized verdigrease must be gradually incorporated, and the whole frequently stirred, till it be come cool. be often cleansed with sponges, dipped in warm water; but, if such evacuation continue to be copious and fetid, after the swellings have suppurated and healed, it may be considered as symptomatical of the GLANDERS; in which case it will be advisable to adopt the treatment already stated under that article. STRANGURY. See URINE. STRAW, denotes the stalk on which corn grows, and from which it is separated by threshing. Straw is an article of extensive utility in rural and domestic economy......When chopped or cut small, by means of the machine known under the name of STRAWCUTTER (to which we refer), it affords a wholesome provender for horses and oxen, especially if it be mixed with green food. It is likewise usefully employed in thatching cottages, houses, and barns.... But, as such buildings are liable to be uncovered by violent storms, farmers should, if possible, annually save a sufficient quantity of wheat-straw, in order to be provided against accidents: thus, the necessity of purchasing straw at a high price, or of threshing their wheat at an improper season, may be effectually obviated. In May, 1798, Mr. PETER BOI Should the horse, during the strangles, be seized with considerable fever and inflammation, or the swelling be so situated as to threaten suffocation, it will be advisable to bleed him moderately. The food, throughout the course of the disease, ought to consist of warm mashes, given frequently in small quantities; to which half an ounce of liquorice and aniseed, in powder, may be advantageously added, LEAU, obtained a patent for a new together with about two punces of and improved method of manuhoney. The diseased animal must facturing straw into hats, bonnets, be kept w arm; and, if the weather &c. but such privilege having been be favourable, he should take gen- annulled by a Court of Justice, or undergo the usual we shall state the plan on which discipline of the stable, though in he proceeds..... The straw is first a less compulsory degree. separated at the joint, and deprived This malady is seldom produc- of its external skin or covering; one tive of dangerous consequences, end of each tube being cut in the unless it be neglected. tle exercise, As it form of a pen, so that it may be mostly terminates with a discharge inserted into the cavity of another; from the nostrils, these parts should after which it is immersed in water, to render it pliant, and susceptible of the requisite shape on the block. Next, a small circle is to be traced on the surface of a wooden mould (having the form of the crown corresponding with the article to be manufactured); from which, lines are to be drawn perpendicularly, diagonally, or in any other direction. At the top of each line must be fixed a nail or pin, to which a double wire should be fastened: the straw is then plaited between such wires, and the ends are joined by introducing the sharp end of one tube into another, till the crown be completed. For making the brim of the bonnet or hat, a sheet of thick pasteboard must be formed into the requisite shape; lines or curves, similar to those above described, are next to be drawn, and the wires fast ned through small holes made ahe top. The straw is worked in the same manner as that for the crown; to which the brim may be attached, either by continuing the work so as to form one piece, or by sowing both together, and concealing the juncture by a wreath of straw, or any other mode, which fancy may suggest.......See also PAPER. STRAWBERRY, or Fragaria [vesca] a genus of plants, comprehending three species, two of which are indigenous; but the principal is the vesca, or Common Strawberry, growing in woods, hedges, and hollow ways; where its flowers appear in the month of May or June; and are succeeded by small red fruit. The plant is eaten by sheep and goats, but is not relished by cows; and is totally refused by horses and swine. The common Strawberry is the parent-stock from which all the different varieties have been ob tained by culture: the most remarkable of these, are: 1. The Wood-Strawberry, with oblong serrated leaves, and small white, round fruit....2. The Green, or Pine apple Strawberry, which has received this name from its delicate flavour, resembling that of the PINE-APPLE....3. The Scarlet, or Virginian Strawberry, which has also oval serrated leaves, and bears a roundish berry, of a deep scarlet colour......4. The Hautboy, or Musk Strawberry, is a native of America, but has long been raised in British gardens: it is remarkable for its rough spear-shaped leaves, and its large pale red fruit. .....5. The Chili Strawberry has oval, thick hairy leaves, large flowers, and firm berries....6. The Alpine Strawberry, has small oval leaves, diminutive flowers, and oblong pointed fruit, of a moderate size....7. The Monthly, or Everflowering Strawberry, originally a French variety, produces very de licate fruit, generally pointed towards the top, and bulky below; being in season from May to November: the plant itself, however, is very small, has diminutive leaves, and furnishes but few off-sets for transplantation. All the varieties of this vegetable are hardy, perennial plants, which flower in May and June, producing perfect fruit in June, July, August, and even till November. They may be propagated by planting off-sets, or suckers, in any light, rich garden-soil, where they annually yield abundant crops, if properly weeded, and supplied with moisture. Their fertility, however, will be considerably increased, by transplanting them every second year into fresh beds, |