EXAMPLE 4. In Cheshire, there is a farm of 240 acres 2 roods, of statute measure; a recent purchaser wishes, by the purchase of a portion of the adjoining land to increase his farm to 350 customary acres: what will it cost him to do so, at the rate of £40 per statute acre? Answer £20,000. EXAMPLE 5. A nobleman wishing to farm 400 acres of customary measure, in the county of Wiltshire, is desirous of knowing what it will cost him, at the rate of £30 per statute acre? Answer £9,000. MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES. How many acres of Lancashire measure are there in 250 statute acres? A. R. P. Answer 154. 1. 14. up a farm of 300. 2. 30. How many statute acres will make acres, of Wiltshire customary measure? A. R. P. Answer 225. 2. 2. The base of a triangular field measures 6 chains 25 links of a Cheshire chain, and the perpendicular 4.84. How many acres are there in it? A. R. P. Answer 3. 3. 19. A rectangular field measures, by a Lancashire chain, 12 chains 45 links, and its perpendicular breadth, 8-20 links. How many acres would a farm of the same size contain in the county of Devonshire? Scotch Measure. A. R. P. Answer 20. 0. 11. The acre in Scotland consists as in England of 10 square chains (each chain divided into 100 links), and is reckoned in acres, roods, and falls, which are equivalent to the English perches; 40 falls making one rood, and 4 roods II one acre. The Scotch chain, however, is 8 feet longer than the English, being 74 feet instead of 66. Therefore one sq. perch or fall = 342.25 sq. feet. To bring English Statute Measure into Scotch. Rule 1. Reduce the given area into English perches, and then into square feet by multiplying by 272.25, the number of square feet in an English statute perch; divide this product by the number of square feet (342·25) in a Scotch fall, and you obtain the area in terms of Scotch falls, which bring back to their proper quantities in roods and acres. A. R. P. EXAMPLE 1. Reduce 32. 3. 25 English statute measure, into Scotch measure. A. R. P. 32. 3. 25 5265 sq. perches. 272.25 × 5265=1433396 sq. ft. in the given area, = 4188 X 1433396 342-25 EXAMPLE 2. Bring 20. 3. 39. English, into Scotch measure. A. R P. Answer 16. 2. 12 *To bring Scotch measure into English, reverse the preceding rule. How many Scotch acres are there in 100 English acres, and by how much does the Scotch exceed the English Answer 79 2 7; by 11200 sq. feet. The IRISH MEASURE is the same as the Lancashire; the chain is 84 feet long, and the acres are reckoned in acres, roods, and square perches, as in England. Note. In the reduction of statute English to customary, and customary to statute, the same rules must be adopted in this case as in that of English and Scotch measure. EXAMPLE 1. How many English statute acres are there in 25. 3. 19 Irish acres? A. R. P. Answer 41. 3. 24. EXAMPLE 2. How many Irish acres must be taken to farm of 100 statute acres? make up a A. R. P. Answer 61. 2. 361g. EXAMPLE 3. A gentleman has an estate in a rectangular form, 2 Irish miles one way and the other. How many English statute acres are there in it, and what would be the periphery in Scotch miles of the same sized estate in Scotland? Answer 1944 Eng. acres; 73 Scotch miles. EXAMPLE 4. There is an Irish farm of 120 acres, and a Scotch one of 150 acres, the former worth £10 per acre the latter £15. For what quantity of land, at £25 per • English acre, in the county of Cheshire, could they be exchanged without loss? A. R. P. Answer 65. 0. 35. LAND SURVEYING. Part the Second. THE THEODOLITE. Its Description, &c. THE Theodolite is the most useful instrument that has been invented, for taking horizontal and vertical angles, as by nature of its construction, it is not necessary that, in the former case, the objects should be in the same horizontal plane; or, in the latter, in the same vertical plane. This instrument stands upon three legs, and consists of three divisions, and has three motions. 1st.-The absolute horizontal motion of the whole instrument moving upon its axis, with clamp-screw (C) to fix it, and tangent-screw T for fine adjustment. 2nd. The relative motion (as to the lower) of the upper of the two horizontal circles, to which the vernier (V) is attached, with its clamp screw (C), and adjusting-screw (t). These two motions are for taking horizontal angles. 3rd. The relative motion of the vertical circle, which has also, as well as the other two, its clamp-screw (C), and fine adjusting-screw (i). Detail of the first motion, which must be perfectly The lower (K) of the two parallel Plates is screwed tightly down to the legs of the instrument. The axis of the whole instrument passes right through to this plate. The centering, at the other end, is fixed to the upper of the two parallel circles-the upper one, called the vernier circle, from having the vernier attached to it; the lower, the graduated or horizontal limb (L) having its whole circumference graduated into degrees and half degrees. The lower circle has a distinct motion from the upper, working, by means of a collar attached to it, upon the centering of the upper. Upon this is again fixed the collar (D) of the large clamp-screw (belonging to the first division). This collar, as well as the tangent-screw, being attached to the upper of the parallel plates, which, connected with a ball, works in the socket of the lower plate, and has a double relative motion. The upper of the parallel plates is made instrumentally parallel to the lower graduated circle; and the upper circle (when in correct adjustment) is also parallel to them both. Upon the upper of these circles are two small spirit levels, B, B, at right angles to each other. By means of two pairs of conjugate screws (P, P), which alter the relative position of the plates, the upper one can be always made level, as will be immediately seen by |