What is the thirty-fourth rule? What the thirtyfifth? What do most verbs compounded with super gov. ern? What is the thirty-sixth rule? Repeat the five parts. What verbs added? What excepted? What is the first observation? What the second? To these what may be added? What is the fourth observation? and the fifth? What is the first observation? and the second? How is the ablative here governed? What is the thirty-ninth rule? Examples. Fiftieth rule. Supine in u? What is the first observation? The second? The third? Repeat the four circumstances. Fifty-first rule. Price, in what case? What ex- When the substantive is added? Fifty-second rule. Manner and cause? How is this What is the ablative of concomitancy? What is the adjunct? When we express the matter of which a thing is made? Fifty-third rule. Measure or distance ? After what words is the accusative or ablative put? What are added to these? What does potior gov- When we express the measure of more things ern? and sometimes what other case? What is the fortieth rule? Examples. Is the preposition ever repeated? Which do not Which construed only with the preposition? -Do When does this rule take place? What is the subject of the forty-first rule? Re- In what other manner is the infinitive governed? Is the infinitive itself ever omitted? In what cases does it supply the place of a noun ? What different construction is used? What does the accusative depend upon? Repeat the third observation. The fourth, the fifth. dus? Which verbs form a periphrasis? than one? When is the genitive used? The accusative? The ablative? Time? Time when? How The excess or difference? Precise time? Continuance? Circumstances how Fifty-fifth rule. Verbs governing two cases? Ex- Which are the verbs of accusing? What other case have they after them? What is said of crimen and caput? Many verbs of accusing are how construed? What do they sometimes govern? Fifty-sixth rule. Examples. Which are the verbs of valuing? Aestimo governs? Equi and boni? How is this Fifty-seventh rule. Repeat the examples. Verbs, signifying motion or tendency to a thing. Fifty-eighth rule. Examples. Which are the verbs of asking? of teaching? Which are elegantly construed with a participle in Fifty-ninth rule. Example. dus? Which are the verbs of loading? of binding? of unloading? loosing? depriving? clothing? unclothing? How is the ablative governed? Expressed? or un- Do any of these verbs govern other cases? Has the active ever three cases? What cases do they govern? What verbs are used impersonally in the passive, What is said of the pronoun it, and of the Latin With what adverbs are they construed? What other case do they take? Are they ever put absolutely? How is the genitive after the verbs interest and refert governed? Sixty-third rule. Examples? How is the genitive here governed? What may supply the place of the genitive? How are miseret, pœnitet, &c. used? With what is miseret joined? What is remarked of the preterites of these verbs? Are these verbs ever used personally? What is the fourth observation? What is the note? Repeat the four circumstances of place. At or in? To? From or by? Sixty-fifth rule. Examples? What is the first observation? The second? Sixty-sixth rule. Examples? Repeat the first observation. What is the second observation? Sixty-seventh rule. Examples? Remark? Why is the case called absolute? What is the remark? The participles of deponent and common verbs? What is frequently understood? What must sometimes be supplied? What may be considered the substantive? Does the verb supply the place of a substantive? What is said of a substantive plural? How is the ablative absolute governed? Is the preposition ever expressed? How may the ablative absolute be rendered? What case in English is used independently? APPENDIX TO SYNTAX. It is recommended to the student, to read over carefully, the phrases from the 156th to the 166th page; a few at a time, until he can give, without hesitation, the English or the Latin of any one which may be required. What is Asyndeton? Enallage? Antiptosis? Hellenism? Synesis? When is a style said to be elliptical or concise? 2. What is Pleonasm? Polysyndeton? Hendiadys? Periphrasis. 3. What is Hyperbaton? Explain the six sorts of this figure and give the Latin phrases. What is Anastrophe? Hysteron proteron? Hypallage? Synchesis? Tmesis? Parenthesis? ANALYSIS AND TRANSLATION. From what arises the difficulty of translating? What advantage has the Latin over the English? Are inversions used in English? By whom chiefly? For what purpose? What rule is given for the order of words in translating? What is simple or natural order? Artificial or oratorial? What is said of Latin writers? What direction is given for rendering? In translating, what words are to be taken first? what next? then? lastly? What is to be supplied through the whole ' Resolve it into its component parts. What is analogical analysis? Parse the sentence given in the words of the author. What is first? Ans. The Latin word. What second? Ans. The English. What third? Ans. Name the part of speech. If it is a noun, how is it parsed? Ans. Repeat the declension, gender, nom. and gen. cases, tell the case and agreement or government, and give the rule. If it is a verb, how is it parsed? Ans. What kind, the conjugation by number, repeat the principal parts; mood, tense, person, number, agreement and rule. What may be subjoined to this? What deserves particular attention? What is the first virtue of style? (virtus orationis.) What does this require? To what is each opposed? What things are to be attended to? Repeat and explain the three? What are the inost common defects of style? (vitia orationis.) N. B. Let the learner repeat the Latin phrases as often as they occur. What is a barbarism? Examples. Solecism? Idiotism? Tautology? Bombast? Amphibology? FIGURES OF RHETORIC. What are they? Their division? Tropes? TROPES, OR FIGURES OF WORDS. What is a trope? The origin of tropes? Their foundation? What are the three principal? What is a metaphor? An allegory? An enigma or riddle? proverbs or adages? When are metaphors improper? Catachresis? Syllepsis? Metonymy? Explain the six kinds. Metalepsis? Synecdoche? Explain the three kinds. Antonomasia? Periphrasis? Irony? Sarcasm? Litotes? Antiphrasis? Euphemismus? Paraphrase? Onomatopoia? What is difficult? needless? sufficient? Can all tropes be literally translated? How explained? REPETITION OF WORDS.. What are figures of words? Explain the figures following, namely, Anaphora, Epistrophe, Symploce, Epanalepsis, Anadaplosis, Epanodos, Epizeuxis, Climax, Polyptoton, Synonyma, Expolitio, Antanaclasis, Paronomosia, Homoioptoton, Homoioteleuton. FIGURES OF THOUGHT. What are the principal? Explain with examples, Hyperbole, Prosopopoeia, Apostrophe, Simile, Antithesis, Interrogation, Exclamation, Description, Emphasis, Epanarthosis, Paralepsis, Aparithmesis, Synathroismus, Climax, Transition, Suspensio, Concessio, Prolepsis, Anacoinosis, Licentia, Aposiopesis, Sententia or Maxim. What are the parts of a regular oration? What is the use of the introduction ? QUANTITY OF SYLLABLES. What is quantity? Prosody? Long and short? The time of each? Common? Long or short by nature? Penult? Antepenult? Authority? What is the remark on Latin pronunciation ? GENERAL RULES. What is the first rule? What is h in verse? The first exception? Example from Ovid? The third exception? What is said of Illius? Unius? Alius? Alterius? In Greek words? Read over the catalogue of short, long and common, repeatedly until the words are familiar. What is said of nouns in eus? The subject of prosody being of very great importance, it is recommended to commit to memory, all the rules and exceptions with the most particular care, and also to Repeat the rules by numbers promiscuously- What is the effect of the acute? The grave? The circumflex? What does the circumflex mark? Ans. A contraction. VERSE. Define verse. Why so called? Feet? What is the use of this division? FEET. How many kinds? Repeat them? What foot is omnes ? Deus? Amans? Servus? Scribere? &c. &c. What is the quantity of o in omnes? What rule? What is the quantity of e in omnes? What rule? Let these questions be asked on every syllable of the examples under feet. SCANNING. What is scanning? What is a perfect verse called? HEXAMETER. Of what does a Hexameter consist? What other name has it? Describe the feet? Repeat the example? Write and mark it? Ans. Lūdĕrë | quæ vēl | lēm cala | mō permisit a |grēstī. Name the feet? Ans. Ludere, dactyl: quæ vel, spondee; lem cala, dactyl; mo per, spondee; misit a, dactyl: gresti, spondee. Give a rule for each syllable? Ans. Lu, u is long by authority; de, e is short before r, Rule 25 of Wilson's Prosody, page 30 of Prof. Anthon's Prosody; re, e is short, Rule 12 of this book; que, is long, being a dipthong, Rule 4: Vel, e is long by position, Rule 2; lem, e is long by position; cal, a is short by authority; a, a is short by authority; mo, o is long, Rule 14, Exception 1; per, e is long by position, Rule 2; mi, i is long, Rules 21 and 5; sit, i is short, Rule 16; a, a is short, Rule 2, paragraph; gres, e is long by position; ti, i is long, Rule 13. Remark 1. When a student begins any poetic author, the first exercise should be scanning, in the full form above written; always repeating the rules, at first in full, and afterwards by number. This exercise should be continued until he is perfect; which will be in a short time, provided he is industrious, and depends on his own exertions, rather than his teacher. He should write out fairly, in a book, 100 lines or more, and at every recitation produce a hexameter verse or two, in which he is to regard quantity only, not sense. This is commonly called nonsense verse. practice will lead him to compose in verse, and sense will soon succeed to nonsense. Remark 2. It is best always to give a rule for the syllable under consideration, without regard to its position in the line; for instance, the final i of the above line, is long by the rule given, rather than by the paragraph under the 19th Rule, which should be given when a syllable otherwise short ends the line. This Remark 3. Many syllables may and ought to be traced to the Greek for their quantity, but when a student has no knowledge of Greek, he may say by authority, unless his teacher should specially direct him otherwise. Scan the second line in the same manner, and all the lines given as examples. How many syllables has a hexameter ? What is a spondaic line? When is this used? What is esteemed a great beauty in hexameter? Point out the Ecthlipses in the third and fourth. lines. See page 185. What deserves particular attention? What is Casura? Repeat the various names of the Cæsura. Repeat the line which includes all the different species of Casura. What is the most common and beautiful Casura? And the Casural phrase? When the Cæsura falls on a syllable naturally short? On what depends the chief melody of a hexameter verse? Without this what will the line be? What is said of the Roman method of reading verse? What in modern times? By what are we directed? How should we read? PENTAMETER. What is Pentameter verse? Give examples? Scan these lines. How is this verse divided? Write the examples. How does it end? ASCLEPIADEAN. Describe it and give the example. Describe and scan the other kinds, to No. 10. From what are the names derived? Give a particular account of Iambic verse. Name the different kinds? FIGURES IN SCANNING. What are figures of scanning? Repeat them. Define Synalpha. Give an example. Is it ever neglected? In what does it seldom take place Example? W: is sad of long vowels and dipthongs? See Prof. Anthon's Prosody. What is Ecthlipsis? Example. What is the remark? Repeat the examples. What are these verses called? Why? What is Synæresis? What is it likewise called? Examples. What may be referred to this figure? Diaresis? What is its form? Give examples. Systole? Diastole? What may be subjoined? Define and give examples of 1. Prosthesis, Epenthesis, Paragoge. 2. Apheresis, Syncope, Apocope. 3. Metathesis, Antithesis. DIFFERENT KINDS OF POEMS. What is a poem? Explain the different kinds of poems. What is an Epithalamium? &c. &c. COMBINATION OF VERSES. What authors use Hexameters? Iambic or Trochaic? What authors combine different verses? When is an ode called Monocolos, or Mónocōlon? Dicōlon? Tricolon? Dicōlon distrophon? What is elegiac verse? By whom used? When is a poem called Dicōlon tristrophon? Dicōlon tetrastrophon? Tricólon tristrophon? Tricolon tetrastrophon? Carmen Horatianum? Strophe, stanza, or staff? What are the different kinds of verse used by Horace and Buchanan? APPENDIX. What is punctuation? What are points? Name and write them. Explain the use of each. What is the semi-period? Explain the other points and marks. How are capitals used? Explain the abbreviations mentioned. Should we write LL. D. or L. L. D.? Ans. LL. D. without a point between the two ells, because it is the abridged form of the plural number uniformly made by repeating the letter, as Ms. sing. Mss. plural. Leg law; Legg. laws. Cos, consul; Coss, consuls. P. page; pp. pages. M. Monsieur; MM. Messieurs, and many others. LL. D. Legum Doctor, formerly was Doctor of both Laws; viz. the canon and the civil Law. Explain the Roman method of notation. What says Pliny? Explain the modern manner. Which is superior? Explain the division of the Roman months, and write out the table in full. Are the names of the months substantives or adjectives. END OF THE GRAMMAR. PARSING. What is parsing? Ans. Parsing is the analysis of the words of a language. What? Where? Why? explained. The proper answer to these three words contains the whole subject of parsing, a practise which should com mence with the first declension, and continue to the end of the classic course. What? A-Noun, declension, gender, nominative and genitive. Where? Dative singular (the case.) Why? Governed by- (the governing word.) Why? The adjective agrees, &c. What? A verb active (or other) 1st. conjugation o, āre, āvi, ātum. Where? Indicative mode, tense, person, number, agreeing with its nominative (name it.) Why? Repeat the rule. Example. Scribo pulchras literas. Scribo (I write.) What? A verb active of the third conjugation, scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptum. Where? Indicative mode, present tense, first person, singular number, agreeing with its nominative Ego understood. (Why?) The verb agrees with its nominative case in number and person. Pulchras (beautiful.) What? An adjective of three terminations, pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum. (Where?) In the accusative plural, feminine gender, agreeing with literas. (Why?) The adjective agrees with its substantive in number, case, and gender. Literas (letters.) See Grammar, page 87. (What?) A noun, first declension, feminine gender litera, literarum, in this sense, wants the singular. (Where?) In the accusative case, plural, governed by the active verb scribo. (Why?) By Rule 81. Repeat it. The participle should be parsed as a part of the verb. Say a participle, tense, voice, from the active verb scribo of the third conjugation; (the same form as before) and say participles become adjectives when they have no regard to time. A similar form may be observed throughout. Dr. Adams' form is different, and by some may be preferred. They both, however, contain the same specifications, and it is important that pupils should be taught to adhere to a particular form. Otherwise they will never know how to parse without being asked all the minute specifications, a practice which should be avoided as much as possible. 會 |