again, where, if you behave yourself, you will be taken care of."

What became of Jack is more than is known; but if there be any return tickets by the underground rail road, Jack will avail himself of the first passage.

The total negro population of Upper Canada is set down at 4,669 (about the same as the Indians) out of a total of about a million. In Lower Canada, there are some 800 blacks in a census of some 900,000. So they form a very small fraction of the community, after all.

The towns on the Canadian side of the St. Lawrence present a thriving appearance. Toronto is a beautiful city, with a handsome university and a college, under the patronage of the English church. The city is said. to resemble English towns more closely than anything on this continent. You notice on the Canada side evidences of individual wealth, and a desire of the government to make a handsome show in the shape of substantial public edifices. But prosperity seems to be less generally diffused than on the American side. The English are far better agriculturists than the French; indeed, in driving about Montreal one can tell almost instantly the nationality of the owner of nearly every farm by the roadside. The French farm-houses are quaint, old fashioned, and too frequently out of repair; many of them the front door opens directly into the sitting-room; an arrangement which occasionally gives one a glimpse of curious family pictures. The gardens are over-run with weeds, and the fields with thistles. The English dwellings are more neat and substantial, and the grounds as well as the grain fields generally in prime order.

in

eye

After the Thousand Islands are passed, the great remaining attraction on the route to Montreal is the passage of the Grand Rapids on the St. Lawrence. The old Indian pilot so long known to the traveling public no longer presides at the helm; intemperance has robbed his of its keenness and his arm of muscular strength. The boats at this season are frequently so heavily laden that they are obliged for the sake of safety to pass the rapids by the parallel canals. Our party was more fortunate; or rather so clamorous to be "put through" that the captain ordered the boat, although largely freighted, to make all the rapids except a dangerous one called the Long Sault, which we evaded by the southern passage. The most thrilling scene, of course, was at La Chine; the current here runs at the rate of twenty-five miles an hour; and for several miles, the waters boiling furiously among the rocks seemed likely to dash us to pieces at every moment. The bow of the boat was loaded with passengers all standing in eager attitudes, and all more or less excited; the sun had set, and a blood-red, nearly full moon alone lit up the darkened and seething waves. A glorious picture, such as one sees only once or twice in a life-time; and none the less pleasant on account of the confidence every one on board felt in the pilot, a Canuck, whose keen eye fairly glowed with excitement and intelligence. A moment's dimness in that eye, or a tremor in the hands that held the wheel, would have dashed us all into the jaws of death; but so great was the faith that not even a scared face or a woman's scream marred the "fun" of passing La Chine.

Next to the massive stone buildings and wharves in

Montreal, and which the neighboring quarries supply so profusely, nothing strikes the visitor more pleasantly than the union and good feeling which seem to exist between the French and English races which do not often coalesce. Anglican enterprise and solidity married to French taste and politeness have made Montreal one of the best and most attractive cities on the continent. One sees all around him the evidences of a good government, and of a substantial, honest and straightforward way of doing business, public and private. The police is a handsome and efficient body of men; their clean appearance and neat uniform would make some of our dirty-looking patrolmen blush for shame. A new and convenient style of cab has been introduced; and as fares are cheap and the drivers under good disipline, nearly every one rides instead of walking. The proud parish church of Notre Dame, the many hospitals, nunneries (and especially the Angelus service of the Grey Nuns at the chapel) the piers, Exchange, city buildings and the Mountain, are all worthy of notice, but have been often described. One of the engineers of the great tubular bridge remarked in my presence that the work would not be completed under a year. The foundations of the last pier have been laid, and the structure, which will be the longest, most elaborate and thoroughly built of the kind in the world, has an imposing appearance from the river. The subject of the change of the capital still causes much discussion; it is now being removed from Toronto to Quebec, whence after two years it will be permanently transferred to Ottawa in accordance with the queen's decision.

These brief notes may be summed up by saying that Canada is a great and growing country, that the people are full of pluck and enterprise, and are fond of Americans, who indeed spend a great deal of money among them at this season of the year. One does not notice many symptoms of the Americanization of the colonists; the most noticeable is the decimal currency now established. We recommend the railroads and steamboats to introduce the wholesome American custom of checking luggage through; for the present necessity of turning baggage-smasher every few miles, is enough to upset the equanimity and destroy the good nature of the most amiable traveling Yankee in the universe.

THE NEGRO RACE.

There are certain great facts in reference to the negro race, from which there is no rational or logical escape. A morbid philanthropy may attempt to pervert them; but they stand out so clearly and distinctly on the records of science and history, that a sensible and unprejudiced man can not deny them.

He who has studied the difference between the natural races and families of men, knows that a superior and an inferior race can not continue to occupy the same territory on terms of equality. Either the inferior race will be enslaved, and in that condition increase and multiply, if treated with reasonable kindness, or, in the attempt to compete with the superior race, be ultimately wiped out of existence by their greater skill and strength. We use the words races of men in a strictly

ethnographical sense; and mean that kind of superiority of race which the Circassians and Anglo-Saxons manifest over the Indian, African, Malay and Mongolian races. We do not recognize in the Norman and the Saxon, the Gaul and the Oriental, the Celt and the Russian, any positive or absolute superiority of race, as A compared with each other; for nature has marked no great or controlling differences in their physical and mental structure. But we can define, by means of physiological and anatomical science, the difference between the white man and the negro, or the Indian; and we know, also, that neither the Indian nor the free negro can contend successfully against the white man, when they occupy the same soil and compete with each other. All history proves that the inferior race, in order to survive the aggressions and greater activity and energy of the superior race, must be brought to a condition of servitude, serfdom, or slavery.

These principles may not be in accordance with the belief of many who think they are guided by the purest spirit of philanthropy; and yet they are founded upon facts which are indisputable. And there is another natural law which applies to these races, particularly to the negro, and which is equally unsatisfactory to some who fear to meet the truth face to face. Negroes and whites can not perpetuate a new race; the divine laws are indestructible barriers against such unnatural experiments; and we have the direct testimony of acute and honest travelers in Central America and the West Indies, that the mongrel or hybrid races are incapable of perpetuating themselves, and have greatly deterio