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The Infinitive fimply expreffes the fignification of the verb, without limiting it to any perfon or number; as, amare, to love.

3. Tenfes or Times exprefs the time when any thing is fuppofed to be, to act, or to fuffer.

Time in general is divided into three parts, the present, past, and future.

Past time is expreffed three different ways. When we speak of a thing, which was doing, but not finifhed at fome former time, we ufe the Preter-imperfect, or past time not completed; as, feribēbam, I was writing.

When we speak of a thing now finished, we use the Preter-perfect, or past time completed; as, scripfi, I wrote, or have written. When we speak of a thing finished at or before fome past time, we use the Preter-pluperfect, or past time more than completed; as, fcripseram, I had written.

Future time is expreffed two different ways. A thing may be confidered, either as fimply about to be done, or as actually finifhed, at fome future time; as, fcribam, I fhall write, or I fhall [then] be writing; fcripsero, I fhall have written.

4. Number marks how many we suppose to be, to act, or to suffer. 5. Perfon fhews to what the meaning of the verb is applied, whether to the person speaking, to the perfon addreffed, er to some other perfon or thing.

Verbs have two numbers and three perfons, to agree with fubftantive nouns and pronouns in these refpects: for a verb properly hath neither numbers nor perfons, but certain terminations anfwering to the perfon and number of its nominative.

A verb is properly faid to be conjugated, when all its parts are properly claffed, or, as it were, yoked together, according to Voice, Mode, Tenfe, Number, and Perfon.

The Latins have four different ways of varying verbs, called the First, the Second, the Third, and the Fourth Conjugation.

The Conjugations are thus diftinguished:

The First has a long before re of the Infinitive; the Second has e long, the Third has e fhort, and the Fourth has i long, before re of the Infinitive./

Except dare, to give, which has a fhort; and alfo its compounds; thus, Circundăre, to surround; circundămus, -dătis, -dăbam, -dăbo, c.

The different conjugations are likewife diftinguished from one another by the different terminations of the following tenfes :

F 2

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Imperfect.

.imus, -ītis, -iunt.

ābat; -ābāmus, ābātis, -ābant.

1. -abam, -ābas,
2. -ēbam, -ēbas, -ēbat;
3. -ēbam, -ēbas, -ēbat;

4. iebam, iebas, iebat; iēbāmus,

1. -abo, -abis, -abit;
2. -ēbo, -ēbis, -ebit;
3. -am, -es,
-et;
4. -iam, -ies, -iet;

-ēbāmus,

ēbātis, ebant.

-ēbāmus,

ēbātis, ēbant.

iēbātis, -iebant.

Future.

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1. -ābar, -ābāris or -ābāre, -ābātur; -ābāmur, -ābāmĭni, -ābantur, 2. -ēbar, -ēbāris or -ēbāre, -ēbātur; -ēbāmur, -ēbāmĭni, -ēbantur. 3. -ēbar, -ēbāris or -ēbāre, -ēbātur; -ēbāmur, -ēbāmīni, -ēbantur. 4.-iebar, -iēbāris, -iēbāre,-iēbātur; -iēbāmur, -iēbāmīni, -iēbantur.

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› I. -arer, -areris or -arere, -aretur ; -aremur, -aremini, -arentur. 2.-erer, -ereris or -erere, -eretur ; -eremur, -eremini, -erentur. 3. -ĕrer, -ăreris or -ĕrere, -ĕretur; -ěremur, -ěremini, -ĕrentur. 4. -irer, -īreris or irere, iretur; -iremur, -iremini, -irentur.

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Obferve, Verbs in io of the third conjugation have iunt in the third perfon plur. of the prefent indic. active, and iuntur in the paffive; and fo in the imperative, iunto and iuntor. In the imperfect and future of the indicative they have always the terminations of the fourth conjugation, iēbām and iam; iēbar and iar, &c.

1

The terminations of the other tenfes are the fame through all the Conjugations. Thus,

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Perf. -ĕrim, ĕris,

Plur..

I.

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-ĭmus, iftis, ērunt or -ēre, -ĕrāmus,-ĕrātis, -ĕrant.

Subjun&ive Mode.

-ĕrit; ĕrimus, -ěritis, .ĕrint. Plu. -iffem, -iffes, -iffet; issēmus, issētis, -iffent. Fut. -ĕro, -ĕris, ĕrit; -ĕrimus, .ĕritis, .ĕrint.

These Tenfes, in the Paffive Voice, are formed by the Participle Perfect, and the auxiliary verb fum, which is also used to exprefs the Future of the Infinitive Active.

SUM is an irregular verb, and thus conjugated:

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Sumus, We are,

2. Es, Thou art, or you are. Eftis, re or you are,

3. Eft, He is;

Sunt, They are.

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Erāmus, We were,

1. Eram, I was,

2. Eras, Thou waft, or you were, Eratis, Ye were,

Erat, He was,
Perfect.

1. Fui, I have been,
2. Fuifti, Thou hast been,
3. Fuit, He hath been;

Erant, They were.

have been, or was.

Fuimus, We have been,
Fuiftis, Te have been,
Fuerunt,orere,They have been.

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may or can.
Simus, We may be,
Sitis, Te may be,
Sint, They may be.

could, would, or should.
Essemus, We might be,
Effetis, Te might be,
Effent, They might be.
may have.

1. Fuĕrim, I may have been,
2. Fueris, Thou mayeft have been,
3. Fuerit, He may have been;

Plu-perfect. might, could,

Fuěrĭmus, We may have beep, Fueritis, Te may have been, Fuerint, They may have been. would, or should have; or had.

1. Fuiffem, I might have been, Fuissēmus, We might have been, 2. Fuiffes, Thou mighteft have Fuiffetis, Ye might have been, been,

3. Fuiffet, He might have been; Fuiffent, They might have been.

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Perf. Fuiffe, To hove been.

Fut. Effe futurus, -a, -um, To be about to be.

Fuiffe futurus, -a, -um, To have been about to be.

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