Adverfari ei, rarely eum, to oppose.

Advolvi genibus, genua, ad genua, to fall at one's knees.

Advolare ei, ad eum ; roftra.

Adflare reiv. homini; rem v. hominem; aliquid alicui, to breathe upon.

Adulari ei, v. eum. Allabi oris; aures ejus, Virg. ad exta, Liv. Apparere confuli, to attend; ad folium Jovis; Res apparet mihi, appears.

Appropinquare Britanniæ, portam, ad portam, to approach.

Dominari cunctis oris, Virg. in cætera animalia, to rule over, Ovid.
Congruere alicui, cum re aliqua, inter se, to agree.
Fidere, confidere alicui rei, aliqua re, in re.
Ignofcere mihi, culpæ meæ, mihi culpam.

Impendere alicui, aliquem, in aliquem, to hang over.
Inceffit cura, cupido, timor ei, eum, v. in eum, feized.

Incumbere toro; gladium, in gladium, to fall upon; labori, ad lau dem, ad ftudia, in ftudium, curam, cogitationem, &c. to apply to. Indulgere alicui, id ei; nimio veftitu, Ter.

Inhiare auro, bona cjus, to gape after. Innafci agris, in agris, to grow

in.

Inniti rei, re, in re; in aliquem, to depend on.

Infultare rei & homini, v. hominem; fores; patientiam ejus, în miferiam ejus; bonos, to infult over.

Latet res mihi, v. me, is unknown to me.

- cure.

Miniftrare ei, to ferve; arma, to furnish.

Mederi ei; cupiditates, to

Moderari animo, gentibus; navim, omnia, to rule.
Nocere ei, rarely eum, Plaut.

Nubere alicui; in familiam: nupta ei & cum eo, Cic.
Obrepere ei & eum, to creep upon; in animos; ad honores.
Obftrepere auribus & aures, Obtrectare ei, laudibus, ejus, to detract

from.

Obumbrat fibi vinea; folem nubes, fades. Palpari alicui & aliquem,

Pascisci alicui, cum aliquo; vitam ab eo, Sall. vitam pro laude, Virg.

Præftolari alicui & aliquem.

Procumbere terræ; genibus ejus, Ovid. ad genua, Liv. ad pedès, to fall.

may

To thefe be added verbs, which, chiefly among the poets, govern the dative, but in prose are usually construed with a prepofition; as, 1. Contendo, certo, bello, pugno, concurro, coeo, alicui, for cum aliquo; 2. Diftare, diffentire, difcrepare, diffidere, differre rei alicui, for a re aliqua. We also say, Contendunt, pugnant, diftant, & inter se; and contendere, pugnare contra & adverfus ali quem.

N

Obf. 4. Many verbs vary both their fignification and conftruc tion; as, Timeo, metuo, formido, horreo tibi, & pro te, I am afraid for you, or for your fafety; but timeo, borreo te, v. a te, I fear or dread you as an enemy: So Confulo, profpicio, caveo tibi, I confult or provide for your fafety; but confulo te, I ask your advice; profpicio boc, I forefee this: Studere aliquid, to desire; alicui, to favour; alicui rei, rem, & in re, to apply to a thing. So, mulor tibi, I envy; te, I imitate; Aufculto tibi, I obey or liften to; te, I hear; Gupio tibi, I favour; rem, I defire; Fanero, or tibi, I lend you on interest; abs te, I borrow; Metuifti, ne non tibi iftuc fœneraret, fhould not return with intereft, or bring ufury, Ter. And thus many other verbs, which will be af terwards explained.

Obf. 5. Verbs fignifying Motion or Tendency to a thing are con ftrued with the prep. ad; as,

Eo, vado, curro, propero, feftino, pergo, fugio, tendo, vergo, inclino, c. ad locum, rem, . hominem. Sometimes however in the poets they are conftrued with the dative; as, It clamor cœlo, for ad cœlum, Virg.

3. Verbs governing the Accufative.

XVIII A Verb fignifying actively governs the accufative;pas,

Ama Deum, Love God. Reverere parentes, Reverence your parents. Obf. 1. Neuter verbs also govern the accufative, when the noun after them has a fignification fimilar to their own; as, Ire iter or viam; Pugnare pugnam or prælium: Currere curfum ; Canere cantilenam; Vivere vitam; Ludere ludum; Sequi fectam; Somniare fomnium, &c. or when they are taken in a metaphorical fenfe; as, Corydon ardebat Alexin, fcil. propter, i. e. vehementer amabat, Virg. Currimus æquor, fcil. per, Id. So, Comptos arfit adulteri crines, Hor. Saltare Cyclopa; olet hircum; Sulcos et vineta crepat mera, Hor. Vox hominem fonat; Sudare mella, Virg. Si Xerxes Hellefponto juncto, et Athone perfosso, maria ambulaviffet, terramque navigaffet, fc. per, Cic. Or when they have a kind of active fenfe; as, Clamare aliquem nomine, Virg. Callere jura ; Mærere mortem; Horret iratum mare, Hor.

Sometimes instead of the accufative neuter verbs have an abla tive; as, Ire itinere; dolere dolore, vicem ejus; gaudere gaudio; mori obire morte; vivere vitâ; Ludere aleam, v. â: manare, pluere, rorare, ftillare, fudare, aliquid vel aliquo. Erubefcere jura, Virg. origine, Tacit. equo vehi, Curt.

Obf. 2. Several verbs are used both in an active and neuter fense; as,

Abhorrere famam, to dread infa- a meis moribus abhorret, is inmy, Liv. à litibus; ab uxore confiftent with, Cic. ducenda, to be averfe from; Id. Abolere monumenta viri, to abo?

, Virg. lis Cladis Caudine nondum memoria aboleverat, Liv. Adolere penates, to burn, Virg. Ætas adolevit; adolevit ad ætatem, Plaut. Declinare ictum, to avoid; loco;

agmen aliquo, to remove. Degenerare animos, to weaken ; patri; a virtute majorum, to de generate. Durare adolefcentes labore, to barden; Res durat ad breve tempus; In ædibus durare nequeo, Plaut.

Inclinare culpam in aliquem, to lay; Hos ut fequar inclinat animus, inclines; acies inclinat, v. inclinatur, gives way.

Laborare arma, to forge; morbo,
a dolore, e renibus, to be ill; de
re aliqua, to be concerned.
Morari iter, to flop; in urbe, to
fay; Hoc nihil moror, I do not

mind.

Properare pecuniam hæredi, Hor.
in urbem; ad unam fedem,
Ovid.
Quadrare acervum, to Square, Hor.
aliquid ad normam; alicui, in
aliquem, ad multa, to fit.
Suppeditare copiam dicendi, to
furnife; fuppeditat ei oratio, is
afforded; Manubiæ in funda-
menta vix fuppeditàrunt, were
Sufficient, Liv.

Obf. 3. These accufatives, hoc, id, quid, aliquid, quicquid, nihil, idem, illud, tantum, quantum, multa, pauca, &c. are often joined with neuter verbs, having the prepositions circa or propter underftood; as, Id lacrumat, Id fuccenfet, Ter.

Obf. 4. The accufative is often understood. Tum prora avertit, fc. fe. Virg. Flumina præcipitant, fc. fe, Id. Obiit, fc. mortem, Ter. Cum faciam vitulâ, fc. facra, Virg. Or its place fupplied by an infinitive or part of a fentence; as, Reddes dulce loqui, reddes ridere decorum; for dulcem fermonem, decorum rifum, Hor.

XIX Recordor, memini, reminifcor, and oblivifcor, govern the accufative or genitive; as,

Recordor lectionis or lectionem,

Oblivifcor injuriæ or injuriam,

I remember the lefon.

I forget an injury.

Obf. 1. These verbs are often conftrued with the infinitive or fome part of a fentence; as, Memini videre virginem, Ter. Oblitus eft, quid paulo ante pofuiffet, Cic.

Obf. 2. Memini, when it fignifies to make mention, is joined with the genitive, or the ablative with the prepofition de; as, Memini alicujus, v. de aliquo. So recordor, when it fignifies to recollec; as, Velim fcire ecquid de te recordere, Cic.

4. Verbs governing the Ablative.

XX Verbs of plenty and fcarcenefs for the most part

as,

govern the ablative; abounds in riches.

He

Abundat divitiis,
Caret omni culpa,

He bas no fault.

Verbs of plenty are, Abundo, affluo, exubĕro, redundo, fuppedi to, fcateo, &c.; of want, Careo, egeo, indigeo, vaco, deficior, destituor, &c.

Obf. 1. Egeo and indigeo frequently govern the genitive; as, Eget æris, Hor. Non tam artis indigent, quam laboris, Cic.

Obf. 2. The ablative after thefe verbs is governed by fome prepofition understood; and sometimes we find it expreffed; as, Vacat a culpa, Liv.

XXI. Utor, abutor, fruor, fungor, potior, vescor, govern the ablative; as,

Utitur fraude, He ufes deceit. Abutitur libris, He abuses books. To thefe add, gaudeo, creor, nafcor, fido, victito, consto, labōro, for male me habeo, to be ill; pafcor, epulor, nitor, &c.

Obf. 1. Potior often governs the genitive; as, Potiri urbis, Sal. And we always fay, Potiri rerum, to possess the chief command; never rebus, imperio being understood.

Obf. 2. Potior, fungor, vefcor, epulor, and pafcor, fometimes have an accufative; as, Potiri urbem, Cic. Munera fungi, Tacit. Pafcuntur filvas, Virg. And in ancient writers utor, abutor, and fruor ; as, Uti confilium, Plaut. Operam abutitur, Ter. Depafco and depaf cor always take an accufative; as, Depafcitur artus, Virg.

2. VERBS GOVERNING TWO CASES.

1. Verbs governing two Datives.

( XXII. Sum taken for affero (to bring) governs two da tives, the one of a perfon, and the other of a thing; as,

Eft mihi voluptati,

It is, or brings a pleasure to me.

Two datives are alfo put after habeo, do, verto, relinquo, tribuo, fore, dueo, and fome others; as,

Ducitur honori tibi, It is reckoned an honor to you. Id vertitur mihi vitio, I am blamed for that. So, Mifit mihi muneri; Dedit mihi dono; Habet fibi laudi; Venire, occurrere auxilio alicui, Liv. ~

Obf. 1. Instead of the dative, we often use the nominative, or the accufative; as, Eft exitium pecori, for exitio; Dare aliquid alicui donum, or dono; Dare nuptum, or nuptui. When dare and other active verbs have two datives after them, they likewife govern an accufative either expreffed or understood; as, Dare crimini ei fe. id. Obf. 2. The dative of the perfon is often to be supplied; as, Eft exemplo, indicio, præsidio, usui, &c. fcil. mihi, alicui, hominibus, or fome fuch word. So, ponere, opponere, pignori, fc. alicui, to pledge

Canere receptui, f. fuis militibus, to found a retreat; Habere, curæ, quæftui, odio, voluptati, religioni, ftudio, ludibrio, defpicatui, &c. fc. fibi.

Obf. 3. To this rule belong forms of naming; as, Eft mibi nomen Alexandro, my name is Alexander; or with the nominative, Eft mibi nomen Alexander; or more rarely with the genitive, Eft mibi nomen Alexandri.

2. Verbs governing the Accufative and the Genitive.

XXIII. Verbs of accufing, condemning, acquitting, and admonishing, govern the accufative of a perfon with the genitive of a thing as,

Arguit me furti,
Meipfum inertia condemno,
Illum bomicidii abfolvunt,
Monet me officii,

He accufes me of theft.

I condemn myself of laziness.
They acquit him of manslaughter.
He admonishes me of my duty.

Verbs of accufing are, Accufo, ago, appello, arceffo, inquiro, ar-* guo, defĕro, infimulo, poftulo, alligo, aftringo; of condemning, Damno, condemno, infâmo, noto; of acquitting, Abfolvo, liběro, purgo; of admonishing, Moneo, admoneo, commonefacio.

Obf. 1. Verbs of accufing and admonishing, instead of the genitive, frequently have after them an ablative, with the prepofition de, as, Monere aliquem officii, or de officio; Accufare aliquem furti, or de furto. De vi condemnati funt, Cic.

Obf. 2. Crimen and caput are put either in the genitive or ablative; but in the ablative ufually without a prepofition; as, Damnare, poftulare, abfolvere cum criminis, v. capitis; & crimine, vel capite; also, Abfolvo me peccato, Liv. And we always fay, Plectere, punire aliquem capite, and not capitis, to punish one capitally, or with death.

Obf. 3. Many verbs of accusing, &c. are not construed with the acc. of a perfon and the gen of a thing, but the contrary; thus we fay, Culpo, reprebendo, taxo, traduco, vitupero, calumnior, criminor, excufo, &c. avaritiam alicujus, and not aliquem avaritiæ. We fometimes alfo find accufo, incufo, &c conftrued in this manner; as, Accufare inertiam adolefcentium, for adolefcentes inertia, Cic. Culpam arguo, Liv. We fay, Agere cum aliquo furti, rather than aliquem, to accufe one of theft, Cic.

Obf. 4. Verbs of accufing and admonishing fometimes govern two accufatives, when joined with boc, illud, iftud, id, unum, multa, &c. as, Moneo, accufo te illud. We feldom however fay, Errorem te moneo, but erroris, or de errore.

XXIV. Verbs of valuing, with the accufative, govern fach genitives as these, magni, parvi, nibili ;sas,