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DR. JOHNSON AND THE REV. GEORGE the fame of Dr. Johnson, I trust that the son will BUTT. - In Birkbeck Hill's edition of not be considered as a cold or slavish spectator Boswell's Life of Johnson' there is a of it. RUSSELL MARKLAND. note, quoted from Hawkins's 'Life' and repeated in the Johnsonian Miscellanies,' as follows:

There dwelt at Lichfield a gentleman of the name of Butt, the father of the reverend Mr. Butt, now a King's Chaplain, to whose house on holidays and in school-vacations Johnson was ever-welcome. The children in the family, perhaps offended with the rudeness of his behaviour, would frequently call him the great boy, which the father, once overhearing, said, "You call him the great boy, but take my word for it, he will one day prove a great man.' Birkbeck Hill's note says, A Rev. Mr. Butt attended Johnson's funeral," and his name duly appears in the list of those who were present (Letters,' ii., p. 434).

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In no case of these few mentions of him is there any indication of his Christian name, but he was, of course, the Rev. George Butt, son of Dr. Carey Butt (who prophesied Johnson's fame). For the life of George Butt (1741-1795), born at Lichfield, see the 'D.N.B.' and sources there quoted, but the following note on the foregoing is to be found in his 'Poems,' in two volumes (1793), now somewhat scarce :

After very early childhood, I never was but once in the company of this truly great man, who then very kindly and politely reminded me of the virtues of my father and maternal grand

father.

SIGNS OF OLD LONDON (see references at 11 S. xii. 84, 218).-Perhaps I may be permitted, after an interval of some six years, to renew my contributions under this heading with the following notes:—

The earliest contemporary list of London signs known to me was drawn up about the year 1430 and is contained among the records of the Worshipful Company of Brewers. Unfortunately it has not been printed.

An alphabetical list of London taverns, chiefly of sixteenth-century date, forms the subject of an appendix to the second volume of the History of the Wine Trade in England,' by Andre L. Simon.

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For seventeenth-century signs seeThe Carrier's Cosmography,' 1637, by John Taylor, the so-called "water poet," reprinted in Arber's Old English Garland,' pp. 223-44, also in Social England Illustrated,' pp. 339-62. Another list of taverns compiled by Taylor in the year previous was printed by me at 11 S. i. 190.

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Several lists of signs appeared in the earlier volumes of the Annual Record of the London Topographical Society, from the pen of Mr. F. G. Hilton Price. See particularly the lengthy enumeration of signs of the Cheapside neighbourhood in vol. iv., running to no fewer than eightyfive pages.

A MS. list of taverns of 1690-8 is referred to at 8 S. xi. 204, as being in the possession of a correspondent signing himself W. I. R. V.

Among Butt's poems is one entitled A Dialogue between the Earl of Chesterfield and Mr. Garrick in the Elysian Shades,' dedicated to Sir Joshua Reynolds, and of this Dr. Johnson is the subject. It begins with a fanciful description by the shade of Garrick of the admiration bestowed upon Johnson by Shakespeare; Garrick praises A list of coffee-houses of 1702-14 forms Johnson and is strongly opposed by Chester- the subject of an appendix to John Ashfield, who is ultimately converted to ton's Social Life in the Reign of Queen Garrick's view, the poem closing with the Anne.' Some 470 houses are enumerated. entry of Johnson into Elysium. Though A long and valuable list of eighteenthButt disagreed with the great Doctor's century inns and taverns is given by John estimate of Gray's 'Odes,' Lyttelton's Lane in his large volume of 'Masonic Monody,' and other works, yet he was full of admiration for him, as the above dialogue will prove to those who care to read it, and Butt's own delightful personality is shown in a note thereto :

It was natural I should wish to attend Dr. Johnson's funeral; and agreeably to old usage, of which no one is a greater admirer than myself, I devoted the day preceding the funeral, and sat up the greater part of the preceding night, to compose this elegiac dialogue, as a votive offering to his grave: and if my father early predicted

Records.'

In the St. Martin's Public Library, Charing Cross, is an extensive collection of newspaper cuttings relating to London signs and arranged in alphabetical order, but not very easy of access.

I commenced making a list of the signs mentioned, however briefly, in the successive volumes of N. & Q.' some years ago, but did not succeed in carrying it further than precisely half-way through the fourth series.

I also have a self-made list of the signs referred to in Cobbett and Howell's 'Complete Collection of State Trials,' in 33 vols., published 1809-28. The majority of these references fall within the period 1640 to 1760.

FENNY COMPTON TERRAR: EXPLANATION OF WORDS SOUGHT.—In a terrar or catalogue of lands and leys of Fenny Compton, Warwickshire, dated 1662, I find the following:"2 lands by the pike Colidge Petifer on the west not to be baited for when they are heech." Can any reader explain the words in italics. G. C. GRAVES.

NICKNAME OF WILLIAM PITT (THE YOUNGER).—I have in my possession a letter written in 1786 describing a debate in the House of Commons and expressing the greatest admiration of the part borne therein by a prominent personage whom

Mr. J. Holden MacMichael, formerly a prolific contributor to N. & Q.,' commenced an exhaustive account of The London Signs and their Associations,' in alphabetical arrangement, in The Antiquary in 1904. So fitfully did the instalments make their appearance, however, that when the magazine ceased publication at the end of 1915 no further than midway through the letter 'C' had been attained to. As- the writer calls " the Cornette (or "the suming that Mr. MacMichael had brought his labours to a conclusion for the remainder of the alphabet, it would be interesting to know the whereabouts of the MS., and if there is any prospect of its publication in another form. WM. MCMURRAY.

Queries.

WE must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries in order that answers may be sent to them direct.

Comette"). Though no name is mentioned the context and other circumstances make it practically certain that the allusion is to Mr. Pitt.

Can any reader tell me what was this nickname by which Mr. Pitt was apparently known, what it meant, &c., &c. ? I should add that the writer of the letter was himself a member of the House of Commons at the time and held a subordinate office in Pitt's administration of that day. S. W.

THE RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS.-What, according to the modern doctrine, constitutes the right to bear arms? Is it sufficient to prove legitimate descent in the male line from the original grantee ? Sir William Dugdale, writing in 1681, insisted that it is not so; but he was admittedly arguing from their ancient use as a means of distinguishing leaders in the field.

This

WATT STATUE.-I am anxious to find the present location of the statue of James Watt, the engineer, by William Scoular, exhibited at the Royal Academy Exhibition in 1840. The fact that the statue was in marble indi-purpose they have long ceased to serve cates that the artist had been given

definite commission.

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again for centuries to come; if they serve and are not likely to be required to serve no other, they are merely a curious survival, of no practical utility. But, if they can be regarded as the mark of a family, distinkinship and promoting esprit de corps among guishing that family from others, indicating those of the same stock, there seems to be and serviceable future before them as long no reason why there should not be a great as civilization endures. first sight, particularly out of place to appeal It may seem, at to utility in heraldic matters, which have so long been at the mercy of "authority "; but is it really so out of place as it seems ? Arms had their origin in a true, practical need of society; they were useful, therefore they flourished. When they ceased to be useful, they fell into disrepute. If the !present revival of interest in the subject is to endure, they must be shown to serve

some practical end. Such an end has been and Eleanor of Guyenne. Can anyone indicated above; it is, to all appearance, kindly enlighten me on this point, and also the end in view that stimulates modern as to which castle it was in which the King inquiry; but, if this end is to be efficiently was imprisoned when he heard Blondel served, the use of arms must be governed singing? by rules very different from those laid down by Sir William Dugdale. There must be many readers of 'N. & Q.' to whom a clear pronouncement on this subject would be of immediate value and importance. It ought, perhaps, to be added that, according to Sir William :

1. Only one man in a generation is entitled to the use of any particular coat of

arms.

2. That all claim to them, even when drastically differenced, lapses after a few junior descents.

3. That, if the senior line ends in an heiress, her husband acquires the sole right to use her father's arms. F. L. WOOD.

A certain amount of confusion seems to have been made through the similarity existing between the castle of Chinon in Touraine and that of Chillon. The former was a Plantagenet possession, while the latter, an equally ancient edifice, is on the borders of Lake Leman. H. WILBERFORCE-BELL. [See also Notices to Correspondents, p. 360].

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AMERICAN HUMORISTS: CAPTAIN G. H. DERBY was author in the year 1865 of a humorous book which he dedicated to General McClellan "his friend and classmate.' illustrations by the author, but it seems There are numerous full-page comic strange that he was permitted to give a forms the frontispiece. I cannot find the caricature portrait of Washington which author's name in the only American bibliography I know. He was contemporary to Thomas with Artemus Ward. What is known of

THE TRAVELS OF EPHRAIM CHAMBERS, F.R.S. (see 12 S. i. 462). At the above reference appeared a letter written by Ephraim Chambers, F.R.S.,

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him?

X. T. R.

Longman, being part of a collection of MSS. letters, &c., illustrating the history of Canonbury Tower, where the writer died the following year. TITLE OF ANNO QUINTO EDWARDI III.The letter, dated July ye 26, N.S., 1739" after giving a the portion of this statute distinguished In Pickering's Statutes at Large,' vol. i., long account of Chambers's impressions of Bordeaux and its vicinity, goes on, of a juror that is ambidexter, and taketh as Cap. X. is headed "The punishment "I Propose to set out to-morrow for Rochel(le), and Nantes, in my way to money." The N.E.D.' speaks of the use Paris." Is anything known of other MS. of this word for the offence specified as being letters of Chambers describing his travels the earliest use of the word in English legal phraseology.

between Bordeaux, Rochelle and Paris ? J. R. H.

THE DEATH-BOAT OF HELIGOLAND. As Heligoland is now a prominent topic, I wonder if any reader could tell me who, and what, is referred to in Campbell's poem The Death-boat of Heligoland,' ending

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But I blot not my page with their name.
R. K. HODGSON.

RICHARD CŒUR DE LION.-While visiting recently the Abbey of Fontevrault, now a prison, where lie the tombs of our Plantagenet kings Richard I. and Henry II., I was surprised to find that considerable doubt existed as to where Richard Coeur de Lion was actually buried. He died at Chalus; and in 1910 a grave supposed to contain his remains (except his heart, which is at Rouen) was found in the church, together with two others, those of Henry II.

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The word "ambidexter" does not, however, appear in the text either in the NormanFrench version or in the English, and I find that the copy of the Act in the Statutes of the Realm has no title to the separate capital X.

Of what date and of what authority and by whom inserted were the titles to this and the other chapters of the 'Statutes at Large' ? W. S. B. H.

SIR TANFIELD LEMAN, BART., author of 'Some Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the late Dr. Richard Mead' (1755), appears to have been the only son of Philip Leman, of Snow Hill, Holborn, apothecary. Who was his mother? Did he practise as a medical man in London, and what were his qualifications? When and whom did he marry? He died in Southwark, May 4, 1762. G. F. R. B.

(sic).

M. D. H.

MANGLES.-George Mangles was admitted "BORN OUT OF A TOLE-DISH to Westminster School in January, 1787, What is the meaning of this phrase? and G. W. Mangles in June, 1810. Information concerning their respective parentages and careers is desired. G. F. R. B.

CARDINAL NEWMAN AND WALES.-It has been alleged the two brothers Cardinal and Professor F. W. Newman had family or other ties with Wales. Corroboration of the fact and identifiable association with the Principality would oblige.

ANEURIN WILLIAMS.

Menai View, North Road, Carnarvon.

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CAPTAIN JOHN GORE.-Is there any information available as to the family of the Mr. John Gore who accompanied Captain Cook on his first and third voyages of discovery, first as Lieutenant, afterwards as Captain, and finally in charge of the ships on their return? His son John entered the Navy and afterwards settled in Australia and died a Rear-Admiral. His grandson, Graham Gore, accompanied and perished with Sir John Franklin's expedition to the North Pole. To what family did he belong? Are there any members of that family still in this country?

AN INTERESTED NAMESAKE.

JONATHAN EDWARDS'S 'DOCTRINE OF ORIGINAL SIN.'-I should be obliged if any reader could refer me to any published reply to this treatise. H. J. AYLIFFE.

17, Wyndham Street, Brighton. GEORGE TRAPPE.-I have a quaint portrait of George Troppe, Director and Curator of the Colonies in Tauride. It was engraved by C. Knight and pub. 1789. A document by his side is inscribed, "Der Kayserinn C.A.F.H.A.R.I.N. Der Grossen. Privilegia für 270 Mennonisten Familien in Jahr 1787."

I will be grateful for any information about George Trappe and the colonies in Tauride. R. Mc.

WHITTENBURY FAMILY.-I am desirous

of collecting notes with regard to this family. It is supposed that three cousins named Würtemberg came to settle in England (Hertfordshire) at about the time of the reign of William III., with whon, indeed, they were supposed to have landed. Queen Hoo Hall was the home of the Whittenburys, and it will be known that Strutt, the antiquary, used it as a titie for an unfinished story of romance, which gave Scott the inspiration to write Waverley.'

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Seven years ago a small two-handled silver cup was sold at Christie's to Mr. C. D. Rotch for £59 0s. 5d. It was made by Wakelin and Taylor (1782) and is fluted and festooned. The same cup was. I believe, sold for £10 in 1856. The inscription is "This cup the gift of James, Earl of Salisbury, Lord-Lieutenant to Mr. Hall, Hertfordshire, was presented to him Benjamin Whittenbury, of Queen Hoo the 31st day of January 1783."

The story of the presentation goes back to the days of highway robberies, and the occasion was the capture of a certain Walter Clibborn by Mr. Whittenbury. The highwayman was killed, and on a post over the inscription was set :spot where he was buried the following

Here continues to rot the body of Walter Clibborn, who, with his son, robbed and illtreated many persons in this neighbourhood. Please not to deface this.

Anyone who possesses any data of the Whittenbury family would greatly help

Are there you should miss it and I send it to you; it is by
Jekyll:-

me by supplying information.
any pamphlets printed which deal with
the Whittenburys ? Is Queen Hoo Hall
still in existence and are there any details
published with regard to it?

What is the Whittenbury crest and where may a copy be obtained or seen ? The only description I have is that it contains a gate, supposed to be the gates of Würtemberg, a laurel-wreath surrounds it, and that the motto is "Nil Admirari." Any particulars of the crest or coat of arms of this family will be greatly appreciated.

RONALD D. WHITTENBURY-KAYE. Newchurch Rectory, Culcheth, nr. Warrington.

GEORGE SETON, 5TH EARL OF WINTON.— Mary, Countess Cowper, in her Diary under date March 19, 1716, says :—

Lord Chatham with his sword undrawn,
Stood waiting for Sir Richard Strachan ;
Sir Richard, eager to get at 'em
Stood waiting-but for what?-Lord Chatham.'
It will be observed that Lord Palmerston states
positively that the epigram is by Jekyll."

It may be worth mentioning that Jekyll has a place in the 'D.N.B.']

the author of a little poem, called, I believe, AUTHOR WANTED. I should be glad to know Shipwreck.' It begins :

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A stormy sea at the dawn of day,
A torrent of foam and spray,

And patches of white sea foam that lay,
High on the fields inland.'

Replies.

J.

He TAVERN SIGNS: "THE FIVE ALLS."

My Lord Winton had sawed an iron bar with the spring of his Watch very near in two, in order to make his escape; but it was found out. received Sentence of Death, but behaved himself in a manner to persuade a world of people that he was a natural Fool or mad, though his natural character is that of a stubborn, illiterate, ill-bred Brute. He has eight Wives.

These are very sweeping assertions, and I should be pleased to learn whether there is any other evidence extant to support them. The Earl died unmarried, but it is known that he had a child by an Edinburgh lady. Who were the "eight wives "?

JAMES SETON-ANDERSON.

EPIGRAM ON THE WALCHEREN EXPEDITION.

(12 S. ix. 145.)

IN the interesting list of signs of London coffee-houses and inns now appearing in the columns of N. & Q.'"The Five Alls" does not find a place. It is to be found at Oxford, at Gosport, and in Wiltshire at the towns of Chippenham and Marlborough. The characters of the quintette are not invariable, but the usual group is that of the King, "I rule all"; the Soldier, "I fight for all"; the Ecclesiastic, "I pray for all"; the Barrister, "I plead for all"; and the

Wanted, the author or first appearance in print of Farmer, "I pay for all." the following well-known lines:

"Great Chatham with his sabre drawn

Stood waiting for Sir Richard Strachan ; Sir Richard, longing to be at 'em, Stood waiting for the Earl of Chatham." The jest refers, of course, to the dispute between the naval and military commanders during the unfortunate Walcheren Expedition of 1809. cannot find it in any of the dictionaries of quotations.

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The first line is given, surely incorrectly, in a recent number of The Spectator as :

"Lord Chatham, with his sword drawn." E. W. H. F.

[This has been discussed at 1 S. xi. 52; 4 S. v. 174, 497, 606; vi. 84, 144, 244; vii. 18. Several versions are given, but the best appears to be that given by H. P. D. at the last reference, which we reproduce:

"The controversy with regard to the correct version is, I think, set at rest by the following extract from a letter addressed by Lord Palmerston to his sister, the Hon. Miss Temple, dated Feb. 27, 1810 Bulwer's (Sir Henry Lytton

Life of Viscount Palmerston,' 1870, i. 117) :— Did you see the following epigram the other day in the Chronicle? If you did not 'tis a pity

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In their History of Signboards,' Larwood and Hotten speak of this sign as being "old and still common." They give an illustration from an old print by Kay " in which the place of the King is taken by his Satanic Majesty, who says, "I take all." But these authors treat the original sign as The Four Alls" and regard the lawyer as a later addition. This limitation of the group to four members seems to have found favour in France. At Rouen, 10 or 12 years ago, there was displayed, in the window of a printing office in the Rue Ganterie, a sheet almanac for 1820.

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This Calendrier Royal had as a heading a portrayal of "Les quatre vérités du siècle d'à présent." The four characters and their utterances were as follow:

Le Prêtre : Je prie Dieu pour vous trois.
Le Soldat: Je vous garde tous trois.
Le Paysan: Je vous nourris tous trois.
Le Procureur: Je vous gruge tous trois.
It is observable that even in this limited

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