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of an idle shiftless person as a poor come day, go day, God send Sunday creature." The saying about apples not causing bellyache after St. Swithin has christened them I have often heard in South Notts, where, too, the snail rime, with slight variation I fancy, was familiar. We used, too, to stir the cream in the churn with a hot poker to make the butter come, but I do not remember any mention of witchcraft in connexion with this. I have known salt to be thrown into the fire "to keep the witch out of the churn" in Lincolnshire.

C. C. B.

(Probably all the "thes " should be written "de.") I know the tune quite well, and could write out the air-but you would not want to print it.

One thing that has made this old song stick in my memory is a version in "Daily Telegraphese which my father used to quote. I believe this is it literally :— 66 "I once had an avuncular relative whose name was Edward, but he has long since departed for that bourne whence no member of the community coloured or otherwise, has ever been known to return. He had no capillary substance on the summit of his pericranium, in that place where the

The proper reading of this first saying is, capillary substance is wont to vegetate.

"The silent sow sucks the most wash. All sows may be reckoned sly, but the moral is that people who chatter the least, but best attend to the business in hand, are those who make the most out of life.

SURREY.

'POOR UNCLE NED' (12 S. vi. 287; vii. 373, 438, 514).-Probably there are many variants of this song, and most of them arise from trusting to memory of words never seen in print. I, for example, did not remember, when I last wrote, to have had the song before me; but I now find it in The Scottish Students' Song Book,' compiled in 1897, one of the editors of which "J. Malcolm Bulloch, M.A., Aberdeen,' now well known to readers of N. & Q. In this, the first verse is thus given :

was

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Hang up the mechanical instruments, agricul tural or otherwise; take down the musical instruments, stringed or otherwise. For there's no more manual labour for my avuncular relative Edward, inasmuch as he has departed for that bournewhence no member of the community, coloured or otherwise, has ever been known to return.'

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J. C.

VOUCHER RAILWAY TICKET (12 S. vii. 510). The earlier form of railway pass was a voucher by reason of the fact that it The destination and amount of fare was was printed on paper with a counterpart. added in ink and a duplicate of the transaction recorded on the counterpart. These were in use at least until 1845, and possibly from the commencing date of railroad ALECK ABRAHAMS. transport.

In the beginning the permit to travel by

There was an old nigger and his name was Uncle train was conferred with more circumstance Ned,

But he's dead long ago, long ago;
He had no wool on the top of his head

In the place where the wool ought to grow.
Den lay down de shubble an' de hoe,
Hang up de fiddle and de bow,

Dere's no more hard work for poor old Ned,
He's gone where the good niggers go.
But what is wanted to settle the words
is a copy of them as they appeared in print
in the earliest sixties, when they were first
sung in this country, as all versions from
memory so markedly differ.

ALFRED ROBBINS.

than at present, and, although I do not remember the receipt for a fare being called a voucher, the term does not seem out of character before the introduction of cardboard tickets. At least on the line between Leicester and Swannington, metal tokens, numbered, and the number corresponded octagonal in shape, were used. Each was with that of the passenger, as entered in a way-bill which was kept by the guard of the train.

ST. SWITHIN.

THOMAS FARMER BAILEY (12 S. vii. 410).
-There are at least five varieties of book-

My recollection of this song is that the plates with the name Farmer Baily thereon

first verse ran thus :--

There once was a nigger and his name was Uncle
Ned,

But he's gone dead long ago;

He had no wool on the top of his head,

In the place where the wool ought to grow.

[Chorus.]

Hang up the shovel and the hoe-0-0-0,
Take down the fiddle and the bow;
For there's no more work for poor Uncle Ned,
For he's gone where the good niggers go.

(not Bailey). They are as follows:

1. Farmer Baily (crest).

2. Farmer Baily, Hall Place, Kent (armorial).

3. Thomas Farmer Baily, Hall Place, Tonbridge (crest).

4. T. Farmer Baily, Hall Place (armorial shield (Baily impaling Addison) in a beaded

oval, in red).

5. T. Farmer Beily, Sunnyside, Ryde, I.W. (armorial shield in a beaded oval surmounted by a foreign coronet, in red).

Perhaps the additional fact that Baily apparently also lived in the Isle of Wight may be of assistance to MR. CLEMENTS. Farmer Baily purchased the estate of Hall Place in the perish of Leigh, Kent in 1821, and died in Oct. 1828. His only son and heir (by Amelia Perkins his wife who married secondly, Sept. 2, 1832 Wm. Smith of Sydenham) was Thos. Farmer Bailey of Hall Place. He was born Sept. 24, 1823, and married on Feb. 21, 1863 Gertrude Sarah, daughter of James Addison, and granddaughter of the Rev. James Addison, vicar of Thornton-cum-Allerthorpe, Yorks. He was a J.P., D.L., High Sheriff 1866 and Lord of the Manor of Leigh Hollanden.

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NOLA (12 S. vii. 502).-See Glossary to Durham Account Rolls under "Knoll," and P. 601, "ad campanam vocatam le knoll (1397-8). The particular bell at Ripon described as "le knoll," also as "le blank knoll," required timber and carpenters' work, doubtless for the bell-frame, in 1379-80. See Memorials of Ripon (Surtees Soc.) iii. 99. The term nola appears to have been applied also to a clapper, as at Winchester in 1572-80. Winterton, Lines.

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J. T. F.

LADY CATHERINE PAULET: SIR HENRY BERKELEY (12 S. vii. 511).-AS MR. FOSTER does not tell us the approximate dates of the miniatures to which he refers, it is impossible to answer his queries.

Lady Catherine Paulet, dau. of William, third Marquess of Winchester, married Sir Giles Wroughton, Kt. Lady Catherine Paulet, second dau. of Harry, fourth Duke of Bolton, married first William Ashe, and secondly, 1734, Adam Drummond of Megginch, and died in 1775. Lady Catherine Margaret Paulet, second dau. of Harry, sixth Duke of Bolton, married Sept. 17, 1787, William Henry, Earl of Darlington,

afterwards Duke of Cleveland, and died June 17, 1807. See Burke's Peerage.'

Sir Henry Berkeley, of Brewton, was knighted in 1585, and was Sheriff of Somerset in 1587. He

"married Margaret, daughter of William Leggon, of Staffordshire, esq., by whom he had three sons, viz., Sir Maurice, Sir Henry (from whom descended the Berkeleys of Yarlington, which branch is now extinct), and Sir Edward Berkeley." See Collinson's ' 'Somerset,' I. xxxvii.; iii. 280–1.

This second Sir Henry married Elizabeth, dau. of Henry Nevill of Billingbear, Berk

shire.

HARMATOPEGOS.

PEACOCKS' FEATHERS (12 S. vi. 334; vii. 137, 277, 477).—In Baron von Haxthausen's Transcaucasia,' trans. J. E. Taylor, London, 1854, pp. 260-61, the Yezidis are spoken of thus :—

"Of the Holy Spirit they know nothing; they designate Christ as the Son of God, but do not recognise his divinity. They believe that Satan (Speitan) was the first-created, greatest, and most exalted of the arch-angeli; that the world was made by him at God's command, and that to him was entrusted its government; but that, for esteeming himself equal with God, he was banished from the Divine presence. Nevertheless he will be again réceived into favour and his kingdom (this world) restored On a certain day they offer to Satan thirty sheep; to him, they suffer no one to speak ill of Satan......

at Easter they sacrifice to Christ. but only a single sheep......Satan is called Melik Taous (King Peacock).'

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Has not this heretical association of Satan and peacock been the cause of some Europeans' opinions that peacocks' feathers are unlucky? KUMAGUSU MINAKATA.

Tanabe, Kii, Japan.

THE ORIGINAL WAR OFFICE (12 S. vii. 310, 354, 416, 435, 452).—Up to the present I have only been able to trace back the quotation given me by Professor Andrews to 1721; but hope for further success.

As his book (Guide to the Materials for American History to 1783, in the Public Record Office of Great Britain 1914') is not very accessible to some of your readers, I may perhaps quote (from vol. ii, 274) :—

"The office of the Secretary at War must have been at first in or near the chambers of the Duke of Albemarle at the Cockpit. Lock is mentioned as having an office at the Guards House in 1676, and probably Blathwayt used Little Wallingford House for the same purpose. Clarke dated his letters from the Horse Guards in 1697. We learn that for a time the War Office was located on the south side of Pall Mall, in the old Ordnance Office, built for the Duke of Cumberland when captaingeneral. For the greater part of the early eighteenth century, however, the Secretary at War, the deputy secretary and clerks

the

in a building on the east side of the street leading from Charing Cross to Westminster, about where the War Office is to-day. This building had a frontage on the street of 55 feet, but was only 46 feet wide at the rear, while the dimensions up one flight of stairs were only 31 feet before and behind. In 1751 the present building of the Horse Guards was begun and [it was] completed in 1756, on the site of the old Guards House, the yard, and the stables, and tnither the War Office was removed in the latter year."

as an

Paymaster-General of the forces and the Com-in a London theatre, and married an Englishmissary-General of the Musters bad their quarters woman. Henry made his first appearance Covent Garden Theatre in 1832. "English boy pianist, aged 12," at When in his 17th year he married an English girl a little older than himself. In 1851 he settled in Brunswick, became a naturalized German (citizen of the Duchy), married the widow of a German musical publisher, and gave his name to the still flourishing firm of Litolff (London agent, Enoch, Great Marlborough Street). Three years before the FrancoGerman War, Henry Litolff settled in Paris, married his third wife, the Comtesse de Larochefoucauld, and died a Frenchman at Bois le Combes (near Paris) in August, 1891. ANDREW DE TERNANT.

The office of Secretary at War was abolished by Stat. 26 and 27 Vict. c. 12, to which the royal assent, was signified on May 4, 1863. Q. V.

HERALDIC (12 S. vi. 490).—I wish your correspondent had cited an instance or some instances of the occurrence of the blazon which is the cause of his query. I imagine it to be due to the canting device, the interlaced knot of the Lacy family, or to the

double B twist of the Bourchiers.

ST. SWITHIN.

36 Somerleyton Road, Brixton, S. W.

TERCENTENARY HANDLIST OF NEWSPAPERS (12 S. vii. 480).-A preliminary search in the Index of Titles to Section II. The Provincial Press' shows that the Addenda for one county will amount to about 150, almost entirely belonging to the nineteenth century. The compiler's plan of admitting school magazines to his list, while excluding parish magazines, has been M. borne in mind.

[We are prepared to print any Addenda to the Handlist which our correspondents may care to send us in the last number for each month. They should reach us not later than one week before the date of issue.]

WOOL-GATHERING (12 S. vii. 510). In the early part of the nineteenth century when people were careful of everything, and not ashamed of small economies, poor women would go wool-gathering, that is, they would glean from hedgerows, &c., flakes or locks which the thorns had torn from the fleeces of sheep that had approached too near to pass untolled. When I was in the nursery a faithful shepherdess suggested THE HERMIT OF HERTFORDSHIRE (12 S. that her charges might pursue this occupa-vii. 466, 516).-My mother remembers that, tion in our own paddock; but the prospect when staying with cousins at Hitchin in of " great cry and little wool " was not found 1858, she was taken to see Lucas as one of particularly alluring. When sheep were the local attractions; and that, being at that washed there must have been pickings for time an adherent of "Pussyfoot," she pious standers-by and when the shearing managed to evade drinking from a somewhat came coarse dag-locks would be a precious dirty bottle with which the hermit welcomed perquisite if the farmer did not keep them his visitors. A. R. BAYLEY. for himself. When at times "one's wits go a-wool-gathering," as they are supposed to do, it is imagined that they stray about to small profit as did the women who sought stuffing for cushions in the hedges.

ST. SWITHIN.

FRENCH PRISONERS OF WAR IN ENGLAND (12 S. vii. 469, 517).—An interesting volume could be written entitled 'Sons of French Prisoners of War in England who Became Famous. One of the most conspicuous is Henry Litolff, the composer-pianist, born in London in 1818. He was the son of a French-Alsatian soldier taken prisoner in the Peninsular War, who became a violinist

"NOW, THEN- !" (12 S. vii. 512; viii. 17). -Your correspondent MR. JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT makes the inquiry whether the German Nun as an interjection is not used in a similar way to "Now, then." Possibly he has in his mind the combination Nun also, but the more exact parallel would be found in the two words Nanu. This phrase has exactly the same meaning when spoken to children as the warning Now, then," or "stop-it." It has a second meaning, being an exclamation of surprise Nanu What can this be?"-a startled inquiry. The first word na is frequently used as a prefix, thus Naja, Nanu, Naso, also as the

or

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expression of doubt, na, na, na. Is there certainly known," neither is there of the any connexion between this and the nah-motive for that death. Yet one wonders having the same pronunciation-so fre- why Nello did not find a corner to himself quently used in the West Riding of York-in 'Inf.' xii. amongst the "violenti contro shire and referred to by your correspondent, il prossimo." Dante's retributive justice is J. T. F.? HENRY W. BUSH. oftentimes curiously unbalanced.

JOHN WILSON, BOOKSELLER, HIS CATALOGUE (12 S. v. 237, 277, 297; vi. 21).— It may interest contributors at above references to know that in The Bookworm, iv. 336 (1891), are thirteen lines commencing: Give me a nook and a book,

And let the proud world spin round, giving William Freeland as the author. W. B. H.

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DANTEIANA, 'PURG.' V. 130–136 (12 S. vi. 226).—Stendhal, as quoted by MR. T. PERCY ARMSTRONG at this reference, provides a charitable, and therefore acceptable, version of the story of the unfortunate Pia de Tolomei. But why did Dante place her in the Purgatorio' amongst the Neghittosi morti violentemente (as Scartazzini terms those in this canto), or, as Lombardi calls them "negligenti che tardando il pentimento, sopraggiunti da morte violenta, si pentirono, e furono salvi " ? Of what had she to repent? Not assuredly of Nello's mere suspicions of her infidelity nor of his taciturnity. Clearly Dante, in consigning her to purgatorial sufferings must have shared the then common belief in her lapse from fidelity to her husband, and have had some knowledge of her repentence as of her violent death. Lombardi quotes Volpi as holding that :

"Pia, moglie di M. Nello della Pietra, la quale, come fu creduto, trovata dal marito in adulterio, fu da lui condotta in Maremma e quivi uccisa," but Lombardi's 'Nuovo Editore' adds :"Il Postill. del Cod. Caet. con molta da grazia la storia, che sembra la più genuina di questa donna, in tal guisa: Ista fuit la Pia nobilis Domina de Tholomeis de Senis, et uxor Domini Nelli de Petra de Panoteschis in Maritima, quæ cum staret ad fenestram per æstatem, maritus ejus misit unum famulum, qui cæpit eam per crura, et projecit deorsum, propter suspectum, quem habuit de ipsa, et ex hoc ortum est magnum odium inter illas domos.""

Seeing that opinions differ so widely as to the guilt or innocence of Pia (Landini, L'Ottimo and Commente, Volpi, and Buti for the former, with the Anonimo Fiorentino, Benvenuti, &c., for the latter view), and in doubt as to Dante's bias, I am constrained to hold that, to quote Mr. H. F. Tozer's words, as "of the manner of her death nothing is

J. B. McGOVERN. St. Stephen's Rectory, C.-on-M., Manchester. HOOK: OXENBRIDGE : MORTON (12 S. viii. 10).-If the Morton referred to is the son of Robert Morton and an ejected minister afterwards an M.D. there is a portrait of him in a full bottom wig and a gown of the R.C.P. engraved in line by W. Elder after B. Orchard D. A. H. MOSES.

Notes on Books.

The Place-Names of Northumberland and Durham. By Allen Mawer. (Cambridge University Press, 11. net.)

THIS volume is worthy of its place in the Cambridge Archæological and Ethnological Series. It established, and the author claims to have carries forward a tradition of study now well developed this tradition in one or two respects on new and fruitful lines. In the first place he virtually confines himself to names for which we have documentary evidence dating before 1500, making a clear distinction between documented and undocumented names. Next, he lays great stress on the importance of topographical conditions and has rejected explanations which do not mologically satisfactory. This principle is unharmonize with those conditions, even if etydoubtedly sound. We are glad, too, to note his interest in sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth century spellings, with their suggestion of peculiarities in local pronunciation.

The great mass of names in Northumberland and Durham are of Anglian origin, and Mr. Mawer notes that no special frequency of Celtic names is to be observed on the north-western or western border whence the survival of a Celtic He observes, however, with justice that names population in the hill-country might be deduced. readily assigned to English and plausibly explained may, after all, be etymological perversions of Celtic forms-instancing the old English forms for York and Salisbury which could (and assuredly would) have been explained quite wrongly but for the Roman version of the original Celtic having been preserved. Several examples occur in which folk-etymology may well be suspected-almost detected-as Hexham, Gateshead and Auckland-which are well discussed here.

of -ing-names is dealt with in a good note, wherein The interesting question of the interpretation Mr. Mawer accepts Prof. Moorman's dictum that the ordinary O.E. -ing-name (as distinct from -inga- and inges-names) is simply a compound of a therein. This is certainly the only view that genitive, -ing- being the possessive element covers all the facts and Mr. Mawer is able

bring forward among others a new and clinching example where an -ing- form is equated with a possessive. Birch has a seventh-century charter dealing with a grant of land at Wieghelmestun, and this name appears in an endorsement of the tenth or early eleventh century as nunc wigelmignctun [sic].

The Alphabet of names is preceded by a full bibliography and followed by a useful alphabet of the elements used as the second part of placenames; one of personal names used as the first part; a scheme of phonology and an appendix on change of suffixes.

The Story of Our Mutual Friend.' Transcribed
into Phonetic Notation from the Work of
Charles Dickens. By C. M. Rice. (Cambridge,
Heffer, 5s. net.)

IN his Notes on Pronunciation' the transcriber
tells us that the pronunciation employed is
generally that of an educated Southern English-
man.' However, according to the notation
employed, the word "all" is to be pronounced
“orl”—and that at once raises difficulties, for
we are prepared to deny that the "educated
Southern Englishman "does so pronounce
"all."
Again in the phrase "all that is to be told" the
same symbol represents the vowel sounds in
"that " and "to." Only a very poor and
slovenly speech would make them so; and the
same may be said about a speech which renders
""
er at the end of a word by exactly the same
I sound as the vowel in "the."

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The principle upon which this phonetic notation works seems to be that of noting any vowel as sounded at its weakest.

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Obituary.

CECIL DEEDES.

By the death of Prebendary Cecil Deedes we have lost one of our most valued correspondents. Those whose studies have led them to any occupation with medieval MSS. will need no indication of the greatness of the loss, for Prebendary Deedes was widely known as an authority in that field. Librarian for some time of Chichester Cathedral, he edited for the Sussex Record Society the Registers of Bishop Praty and Bishop Rede, and for the Canterbury and York Society the Muniments of the Bishopric of Winchester and the Register of John de Pontissara, besides much other work of a kindred character. It is no doubt as a scholar and ecclesiastical historian that his name will be best remembered, both by readers of N. & Q.'-who owe him much curious information-and by the general public. But his activities were by no means limited to scholarship. He had worked as a priest at Oxford (curate of SS. Philip and James and Chaplain' of Christ Church; vicar of St. Mary Magdalene); in S. Africa (organizing secretary of Central African Mission and Canon of Maritzburg), and in Essex (Rector of Wickham St. Paul's, Halstead, Essex), before coming to Sussex, the county with which he is most closely associated. He was Prebendary of Chichester ("Hova Ecclesia," 1902-3; "Exceit," 1903), and Rector of St. Martin and St. Olave in that city, after some thirteen years' work at Brighton as Curate of Brighton in charge of St. Stephens.

Cecil Deedes was born in 1843-son of the Rev. Lewis Deedes, Rector of Bramfield, Herts-and was unmarried. He had recently resigned the living he held in Chichester and gone to live at Frensham where his death took place.

Notices to Correspondents.

EDITORIAL communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries '"—Adver tisements and Business Letters to "The Pub lishers"-at the Office, Printing House Square, London, E.C.4.; corrected proofs to the Athenæum Press, 11 and 13 Bream's Buildings, E.C.4.

The slight nuance of its true quality which (1) is usually to be heard in cultivated speech even when rapid, and (2) becomes quite perceptible in slow or emphatic speech, is ignored, and if this notation ever prevailed would be lost. Thus the word " consolation has the neutral vowel symbol for the second " : but who can pronounce the word with even a slight retarding and keep that vowel neutral? The passage in which it occurs is an utterance of Mortimer's at the Veneering's dinner-party (he is speaking "languidly," too) and it may perhaps be argued that the spelling is conversational. But spelling of such over-refinement drives into the opposite direction, making one wish that, if vowels are no longer etymological, they might be eliminated from spelling as far as possible. At WHEN answering a query, or referring to an any rate, if this phonetic method is seriously to article which has already appeared, correspondents be tried it ougnt to be standardized-for ordinary are requested to give within parentheses -writing--by the pronunciation of approved and immediately after the exact heading the numbers carefully chosen speakers. It would then, we of the series, volume, and page at which the con believe, be found best always to note the charac-tribution in question is to be found. teristic sound of a vowel even when, in rapid speech, it tends to be slurred and nearly lostas in the example above. The sound can be weakened to suit the fashion; but if written as merely neutral cannot so easily recover its true quality. We confess ourselves inclined to doubt the value of such transcripts as this, and even to think them undesirable.

WE are informed by the Oxford University Press that the Early English Text Society has appointed Mr. Humphrey Milford to be the sole publisher for the Society as from the beginning of this year.

WHEN sending a letter to be forwarded to another contributor correspondents are requested to put in the top left-hand corner of the envelope the number of the page of N. & Q.' to which the letter refers.

be written on a separate slip of paper, with the IT is requested that each note, query, or reply signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear.

ALL communications intended for insertion in our columns should bear the name and address the sender-not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

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