THE PRINCE OF WALES IN AUSTRALIA : THE TITLE DUKE OF CORNWALL.-In connection with the visit of the Prince of Wales to Australia there is an incident relating to his titles which should be put on record in 'N. & Q.' An official instruction was issued as to the manner in which His Royal Highness was to be described in addresses presented to him, and in the addresses prepared before his arrival the direction was followed. In these there is no mention of the "Duke of Cornwall." In fact in certain quarters where greater knowledge should have existed it was asserted that the Prince was not the Duke of Cornwall. When His Royal Highness reached Victoria Sir Langdon Bonython, K.C.M.G., a well-known Cornishman, directed attention to the omission by a letter in the Melbourne Argus. He emphasized the points that the "Duke of Cornwall" is not a mere title, but very much more than that, and that "the eldest son of the King is Duke of Cornwall," being made Prince of Wales. Correspondence followed with the result that the Prime Minister of Australia received from Lieut.Col. Grigg (Secretary to the Prince of Wales) a communication in which he said :—

"The Prince of Wales has observed that some discussion has taken place regarding the omission of the title of Duke of Cornwall' from the list of titles prefixed to the addresses presented to him here. His Royal Highness very much regrets that -owing to some error in the original communication forwarded to this country on the matter, the title -of Duke of Cornwall,' of which he is very proud, has not appeared in the addresses hitherto received by him. He directs me, therefore, to ask you to have the proper list of titles, which I attach, circulated to all concerned."

The following is the list referred to :His Royal Highness Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David, Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester in the Peerage of the United

Kingdom, Duke of Cornwall in the Peerage of Eng land, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, and Baron of Renfrew in the Peerage of Scotland, Lord of the Isles and Great Steward of Scotland, K.G., 3.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., G.M.B.E., and M.C.

From the above list the words in italics in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, Duke of Cornwall, were omitted, the consequence being that the addresses prepared in accordance with the original instruction contain an absolute misstatement. His Royal Highness is not "Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester in the Peerage of England." He is "Duke of Cornwall in the Peerage of England," and "Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. AN AUSTRALIAN CORNISHMAN.

Melbourne.

PRONUNCIATION OF GREEK.-Sir Richard C. Jebb, M.P., Regius Professor of Greek (1902), writes in chap. xvi. of the Cambridge Modern History,' vol. i. p. 581, headed ‘The Classical Renaissance':

Mention is due here to the important part which both these eminent men [Sir John Cheke and Sir Thomas Smith bore in a controversy which excited and divided the humanists of that age. The teachers from whom the Scholars of the Renaissance learned Greek pronounced that language as Greeks do at the present day. In 1528 Erasmus published at Basel his dialogue De recta Latini Grecique Sermonis Pronuntiatione. His protest was chiefly directed against the modern Greek iotasism: i.e.. the pronunciation of several different vowels and diphthongs with the same sound, that of the Italian i. He rightly maintained that the ancients must have given to each of these vowels and diphthongs a distinctive sound; and he urged that it was both irrational and inconvenient not to do so. He also objected to the modern Greek mode of pronouncing certain consonants. His reformed pronunciation came to be known as the 'Erasmian'; while that used by modern Greeks was called, the Reuchlinian,' had upheld it. because Reuchlin (whom Melanchthon followed) About 1585, Thomas Smith and John Cheke-then young men of about twentyexamined the question for themselves, and came to the conclusion that Erasmus was right. Thereupon in his Greek lectures-though cautiously at first; Smith began to use the Erasmian pronunciation Cheke and others supported him; and the reform Gardiner, the Chancellor of the University, issued was soon generally accepted. But in 1542, Bishop mode. Ascham has described, not without humour, a decree, enjoining a return to the Reuchlinian the discontent which this edict evoked. After Elizabeth's accession, the Erasmian' method was

restored."

ROLAND AUSTIN.

MADAME DE SÉVIGNÉ AND MASSON.The 'Selection from the Letters of Madame de Sévigné and her Contemporaries' (Oxford Clarendon Press Series, French Classics first published 1868) was edited by Gustave Masson, professor at Harrow School. The 'Lettres Choisies de Mesdames de Sévigné, de Grignan, de Simiane, et de Maintenon (Paris, Bossange, 1835) was edited by J. R. Masson. This is probably the only instance of "classics edited by two annotators of the same surname for educational purposes. The selections (so far as Mme. de Sévigné is concerned) are nearly similar.

ANDREW DE TERNANT.

38 Somerleyton Road, Brixton, S.W.

TOBACCO RETURNS.-Inquiry among the tobacco authorities in this country having failed to elicit an explanation of the origin of this term as applied to a description of tobacco, I have been favoured by the Tobacco Merchants Association of the United States, Beekman Street, New York, with the following references. Fairholt, in his Tobacco: its History and Associations' (1876), writes ::

The lighter kinds of tobacco, such as Returns, Orinoco, &c., are very sparingly wetted; only just prinkled, and not allowed to soak. They are st sufficiently damp to squeeze into form in the box; and, owing to their dryness, are less easily cut than damper tobaccos, which owe their dark colour Principally to liquoring'; and to increase this, the anufacturer saves the stained water which drains

from the leaves, to wet the tobacco with, over and over again; nothing is wasted in a tobacco factory."

Prescott, in 'Tobacco and its Adulterations' (1858), writes ::

Shag tobacco is chiefly prepared from the

Virginian and Kentucky leaves. Returus, from the small pieres of broken leaf produced in the various

processes of manufacture."

W. A. Penn, in 'The Soverane Herbe,' page 125, states:

"Shag, the oldest of cut tobaccos, is prepared from strong leaf, very finely cut into strips of oneReturns is made in the same way from light coloured fiftieth of an inch, and steamed and kneaded. and mild tobacco. It is so called from being originally prepared by returning shag for recutting.' J. LANDFEAR LUCAS.

101 Piccadilly, W.1.

PRINCE CHARLES EDWARD STUART'S SWORDS.-The following short entry is transcribed from The Manchester Evening News, Wednesday, Oct. 13, 1920, which seems worthy of a place in 'N. & Q.':

"A sword which was worn by Bonnie Prince from Lord Garroch to Mrs. Calhoun of WashingCharlie' has gone to the United States as a gift ton. a descendant of the House of Mar."

The underneath subject was on view at Royal Jubilee Exhibition, Old Trafford, Manchester; department of Old Manchester and Salford, 1887, and it was described in a catalogue, 'Relics of Old Manchester and Salford,' pp. 92.

Sword bearing the inscription :—

"Presented to Sir Thomas Sheridan, Kt,, by His Royal Highness Prince Charles Edward Stuart, Lawful Heir to the Throne of Great Britain. Ireland, France, &c., in the presence of the Chevalier de St. George, Viscount Strathallan. Lords Nairn, George Murray, Kilmarnock, Cromarty, and Balmerino, at our Palace of Holyrood, Edinburgh, 1745. Semper fidelis secret et hardi." Owner (the late) Sir William Cunliffe Brooks, Bart., M.P.

FREDERICK LAWRENCE TAVARÉ. 22 Trentham Street, Pendleton, Manchester. THE ANTIDOTE OF MITHRIDATES (See 12 S. vii. 519). The antidote of which the receipt is said to have been discovered in the cabinet of Mithridates VI, consisted of 20 leaves of rue, 1 grain of salt, 2 nuts, and 2 dried figs, but this is not the Mithridatium of the Roman and later physicians, or anything like it. Celsus gives a receipt (I believe the earliest known) containing 38 ingredients. These were afterwards increased to 75, but many receipts have less, and that adopted in the first London

Pharmacopoeia and retained until 1788 had from 45 to 48, none of the four named above being amongst them. The most active ingredient was opium, and to this the medioine doubtless owed its popularity. It owes (so far as is known) nothing to Mithridates but its name. C. C. B.

Queries.

WE must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that answers may be sent to them direct.

A NATURAL DAUGHTER OF GEORGE III.An old diary lately discovered contains this entry: "My mother was a very beautiful woman, and was of very high birth." The allusion is to Frances Haywood or Hayword, who was m. (1) to Read, Reed, or Reid, and (2) on Dec. 22, 1800, at Liverpool to James Waller Hewitt, who was bapt. James only on Nov. 2, 1777, at Wickham Market, Suffolk, being son of William Hewitt and Sarah Waller. Tradition relates that Frances Haywood was a natural daughter of George III., that she was some years older than J. W. Hewitt, that she was great friends with George III.'s daughters Sophia, born 1777, and Amelia, born 1783, and that Mrs. Hewitt's daughter Frances used to go to the Duke of Kent's house and was given a scarf by the Princess Victoria. Further, that the beautiful Frances Haywood-Reed-Hewitt had her portrait painted by Allen Ramsay (1713-1784), or Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-92), or Sir Henry Raeburn (1756-1823).

66

I cannot find any record of the above marriage at Liverpool in 1800. On Dec. 11, 1801, their daughter Frances was bapt. at New Windsor, Berks. In April, 1803, their daughter Mary Catherine was born, and in November, 1807, their daughter Clarissa was born. From October, 1808, to May, 1811, J. W. Hewitt was ensign and lieutenant in the Bedfordshire Militia. From May, 1811, to November, 1817, he was ensign and lieutenant in the 1st Regt. of Foot, of which the Duke of Kent was colonel. In November, 1817, he retired on half-pay. About that date he and his wife "separated," and she settled with her three daughters at Belfast, where in 1827-28 the two elder were married. Mrs. Hewitt died and was buried at Belfast, as was also hee unmarried daughter Clarissa about 1888-96.

"Capt." Hewitt died at Reading on July 9, 1867, aged 89. Tradition states that he and his wife and their daughter Clarissa received until the day of their deaths" a secret grant from a high source.

Can any student of the secret history of the period 1750-1850 throw any further light on this mysterious beauty? C. PARTRIDGE, F.S.A.

Stowmarket, Suffolk.

CORNELIUS DREBBEL.-I shall be much obliged to any reader of N. & Q.' who can give me further information concerning the person and the works of the Dutch naturalist, inventor and engineer Cornelius Drebbel, who lived about 1604-1625 in England at the court of James I, or concerning his son-in-law, Dr. Abr. Kufler, dyer, at Stratford, Bow. I am especially in search of such data as may be found in unpublished records or in the manuscripts of private libraries, in judicial acts, bills, &c., the printed records being already taken into account by me.

PROFESSOR DR. F. M. JAEGER. The University, Groningen, Holland.

MATTHEW PARIS.-The following invective against the Preaching or Mendicant Friars (presumably a modern translation from the Latin) is said to have been written by Matthew Paris, who was a Benedictine monk at St. Albans, and naturally looked upon them as rivals :

:

"The friars who have been founded hardly forty These are they who enlarging day by day their years have built residences as the palaces of Kings. sumptuous edifices encircling them with lofty walls, lay up in them their incalculable treasures, imprudently transgressing the bounds of poverty and violating the very fundamental rules of their profession."

If some one will tell me where this passage occurs among the writings of Matthew Paris I shall be very much obliged. PHILIP NORMAN.

45 Evelyn Gardens, S.W.7.

FAMILY OF DICKSON.-I am collecting data for a biographical and genealogical history of the family of Dickson of Scotland, and I should be glad to hear from any of that name with genealogical details of their ancestry and any items of interesting family history.

JAMES SETON-ANDERSON.

SAMUEL DICKSON, M.D., born 1802, was the author of 'Chromo-Thermal System of Medicine.' He studied medicine at Edinburgh, L.R.C.S. Edin., 1825, obtained a