4. Between 1500 ft. and 2000 ft. Thalictrum mìnus, Arabis hirsuta, Polýgala vulgàris, Sagina procumbens, Rùbus ida'us, Alchemilla vulgaris, Montia fontana, Saxifraga hypnöìdes, S. aïzöìdes, Angélica sylvéstris, Pimpinella Saxifraga, Heracleum Sphondýlium, Erica cinèrea, E. Tétralix, Arbutus U`va úrsi, Gnaphàlium dioicum, Leóntodon Taraxacum, Cnicus palustris, Hieràcium paludòsum, Verónica officinalis, Melampyrum praténse, Digitális purpurea, Pediculàris sylvática, Lysimachia némorum, Oxýria renifórmis, Pétula álba, Salix (aurita ?), O'rchis máscula, Hyacinthus nonscríptus, Narthecium ossífragum, Júncus triglùmis, Càrex dioíca, `Pòa ánnua, Nárdus stricta, Aira flexuòsa, Ptèris aquilìna, Aspídium dilatàtum, Polypodium Phegópteris.

5. Between 1000 ft. and 1500 ft. We begin to see the oak, ash, holly, and other trees, with a large addition of smaller species; but it does not appear to be worth while for us to carry these lists below 1500 ft., since they would become more long than interesting as we descend to the low grounds.

All these species descend to the low grounds about the lakes, except the following, the inferior limit of which appears to be at or about the heights added to their names : - Saxífraga stellàris, 500 ft.; Salix herbàcea, 2400 ft.; Empetrum nigrum, Carex rigida, 2200 ft. ; Alchemilla alpina, 400 ft. to 600 ft.; Rhodiola ròsea, 700 ft.; Státice Armèria, about 1000 ft. or 1200 ft.; Thalictrum alpinum, probably 1200 ft.; Cochleària dánica; Epilobium alsinifòlium, 700 ft.; Oxýria reniformis, 450 ft. Silène acaúlis and Saxifraga oppositifolia were only seen in one station, and are fixed at about 2000 ft. by guess. Juncus triglùmis and Arbutus U`va úrsi were also seen in only one station, not actually measured. The lake at Keswick is estimated to be 228 ft. above the sea; that of Thirlmere is nearly 500 ft. All the other species were seen at or nearly on the level of one of these lakes. The early period at which the hills were visited would no doubt prevent my seeing all the species towards their summits, in the hollows near to which some patches of snow still lingered at the end of May, but quite disappeared before the second week of June. Excluding the ferns, we have, above 3000 ft., only 13 species; between 2000 ft. and 3000 ft., 53 species; and between 1000 ft. and 2000 ft. there were 150, or more. Now, by observations in the highlands of Scotland last autumn (see Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, No. 28.), there are at these heights on the Scottish mountains, 80, 183, and 273 species. The small extent of surface elevated above 1000 ft. or 1500 ft. in the county of Cumberland, the dryness of the

mountain summits, and the comparative paucity of elevated valleys, deep chasms, and rocky precipices, will no doubt explain the numerical deficiency in its mountain flora. Up to 1000 ft. the vegetation of Cumberland is superior to that of the Scottish highlands. Above 2000 ft. the species are not only fewer, but, with all the advantage of a more southern latitude, they commonly fail much earlier as we ascend the hills. The average heights to which the species mentioned in the preceding lists were observed to attain in the highlands are, for the first (or those exceeding 3000 ft. in Cumberland), 3900 ft.; for the second, 3200 ft.; for the third, 2900 ft.; for the fourth, 2400 ft. By average height is meant the mean obtained by dividing the sum of the highest stations observed in Scotland by the number of species.

Mr. Winch, to whom we are indebted for the fullest and most accurate lists of species and botanical notices for the county of Cumberland, has very recently printed a thin quarto pamphlet of Contributions to the Flora of Cumberland, in which are enumerated all except the commoner species said to have been found in the county; but, from the author's remarks, it is pretty evident that many stations published on the authority of the late Mr. Hutton are errors, if not deserving of a harsher designation. Though I have verified many of the stations given by Winch, it is unnecessary to repeat them here; and I shall, therefore, confine myself to those not included in his Contributions, and mention only the mountain species; at least with a very few exceptions.

Circa a alpina. Between the Great Wood and Falcon Crag, &c. - Gàlium boreàle. In plenty on the east side of Derwentwater. — Alchemilla alpina. Particularly plentiful about the Scawfell group of hills, as well as on the hills in crossing from the Vale of Newlands to Borrodale. - Lobèlia Dortmánna. Watendlath Tarn, and the small tarn among the hills above it. In most of the lakes. — Vìola lùtea. Between Castlerig and Armboth, and on the north side of Latrigg. - Ribes petræum. Hedges of the fields between Ullock Moss and Braithwaite.

Lysimachia vulgàris. I believe to have seen this between Swinside Hill and Braithwaite. "Paterdale and Keswick, Hutchinson [?]. I could not find it in either of these places.' Winch's Contributions.-Rhámnus Frángula. Ullock Moss, side next to Swinside Hill.- Convallària multiflòra. Castle Head Wood, near the entrance from Keswick. "Convallaria Polygónatum. Keswick, Mr. Hutton. Not in his Herbarium." Winch. Juncus filiformis. Near the foot of Derwentwater, between the lake and willows, and among the willows. The

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station is flooded when the water is high. — Juncus triglùmis. About half way up Helvellyn, ascending obliquely from the north end of Thirlmere. - Oxýria reniformis. Black Rocks

of Great End, abundantly; ascending from the Vale of Newlands towards Borrodale, &c. - Epilobium alsinifòlium. Ashnessgill and west side of Helvellyn. Not seen in flower, and the species not quite certain.-Vaccinium Oxycoccos. Rare about Keswick. Only seen in a moss on the west side of the highest point of the road over Whinlatter. - Arbutus Uva úrsi. Descending Grassmoor to Crummoch Water; rather on the Buttermere than the Scale Hill side. Saxí

fraga stellaris. Many hills from 1000 ft. to 3000 ft. S. aïzoides. Black Rocks of Great End abundantly, and other hills. S. oppositifòlia. Black rocks of Great End. The Black Rocks were so called by my guide. They are the walls of a deep ravine crossed in ascending direct to the summit of Scawfell Pikes from Styehead Tarn, keeping the Wastdale side of Great End, instead of the usual ascent by the upper tarn. They are near to, but not in, the Screes, where this species has been before found. - S. hypnöides. Helvellyn, Great End, Grange, &c. Silène acaulis. Black Rocks of Great End. Not in Winch's list. - Rùbus saxátilis. Hills between Thirlmere and Derwentwater.- Potentilla alpéstris. On the steep rocks in ascending from the Vale of Newlands, over Grange Fell to Borrodale. Not in Winch's list. -Thalictrum alpinum. Ascending from Styehead Tarn to Sprinkling Tarn, but nearer to the latter; also ascending from the Black Rocks of Great End to Scawfell Pikes. I showed the former station to my guide, Moore, jun., of Keswick. Mr. Winch seems to doubt the species being found in the county, and probably this is the first authentic station. Habenària álbida. Hills to the south of Watendlath Tarn; between the latter and Borrodale, &c. - Càrex rígida. On various hills, near their summits, as Saddleback, Helvellyn, Great End, Scawfell Pikes, Grisedale Pike, Grassmoor. Mr. Winch only mentions Skiddaw. Salix herbàcea. Summits of Helvellyn, Scawfell Pikes, Grisedale Pike, Grassmoor, &c. Rhodiola ròsea. Various rocks on Great End, Scawfell Pikes, Helvellyn, west side of Grange Fell, Grassmoor. Juniperus commùnis. Frequent on the hills. Within a few feet of the summit of Grisedale Pike, considered to be 2580 ft. high. Winch, in his essay on the distribution of plants in the northern counties, mentions it as if rising only to 1500 ft.; but I saw it in various places above 2000 ft. The summit of Grisedale Pike was the highest station observed. In Forfar

c 4

shire it attains 2750 ft. - Asplènium septentrionale. On the steep rocks in ascending from the Vale of Newlands over Grange Fell to Borrodale. Not in Winch's list. Hymenophyllum Wilsoni. Black rocks of Great End, west side of Grange Fell, &c.

ART. VII. A brief Notice of several Species of Epiphyllous Fungi which have been observed in the Neighbourhood of Oxford, and have not been hitherto generally known to occur in Britain. By Mr. WILLIAM BAXTER, A.L.S., Curator of the Botanic Garden at Oxford.

AMONGST many epiphyllous fungi, which I have observed in the neighbourhood of Oxford, the following are, I believe, new to the British cryptogamic flora.

Dothídea Heraclèi, Fries Syst. Mycol. v. 2. pt. 2. p. 556. Parasitical on the under side of the leaves of Heraclèum Sphondýlium L.-D. Gerànii, Fries Syst. Mycol. v. 2. pt. 2. p. 558.; Loudon's Hort. Brit. p. 458. On the On the upper surface of the leaves of Geranium rotundifolium L. Summer and autumn, common.-D. Fraxini, Fries Syst. Mycol. v. 2. pt. 2. p. 561. On the under surface of the leaves of Fráxinus excélsior L. In the autumn, not common. Shotover plantations. Oct. 2. 1826.-D. Potentillæ, Fries Syst. Mycol. v. 2. pt. 2. p. 563. On the leaves of Potentilla Asteròma Prunella, Purton's MSS. Cryptogamæ Oxonienses, fasc. 2. n. 79.; Britannicus, p. 459. On the leaves and vulgàris L. in the spring and summer. places in Bagley Wood, and on Shotover Hill. This very distinct and beautiful species of Asteròma was first discovered by Mr. John Haines, of the Radcliffe Library, who pointed it out to me in February, 1824.

réptans L.
Baxter's Stirpes
Loudon's Hortus
stems of Prunella
In damp shady

["My much lamented friend, the late Thomas Purton, Esq., of Alcester, Warwickshire, an excellent botanist, and author of the Midland Flora, so often referred to in this work, named it A. Prunellæ. It is by no means uncommon in Bagley Wood, principally upon such plants of the Prunella as grow in moist places, or on the margins of rills, &c.." (Mr. Baxter, in No. xvii., for December, 1833, of his Illustrations of British Flowering Plants, in the text appertaining to Prunella vulgaris L. See a communication on British plants by the late Mr. Purton in this Magazine (VI. 57.). J. D.]

Erysiphe (mildew) Epilòbii Link, in Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 6.

pt. 1. p. 102. On the leaves and stems of Epilobium hirsùtum L. Summer and autumn. - E. nítida, Grev. MSS. Baxt. Stirp. Cryp. Oxon. fasc. 2. n. 97. On the leaves and stems of Circa a lutetiàna L. In the autumn, Bagley Wood (1826 to 1833).

Eríneum Rubi Link, in Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 6. pt. 1. p. 146. On the under surface of the leaves of Rùbus macrophýllus Weihe. Bagley Wood, summer and autumn, common (1832-33). Mr. E. Jenner of Brighton has found the same Eríneum about Windsor. E. lanòsum, Grev. MSS.; Baxt. Stirp. Crypt. Oxon. fasc. 1. n. 49.; Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 464. On the upper surface of the leaves of the common crab tree (Pyrus Malus L.) in Magdalen College Water Walks, and between Cowley Marsh and Bullington Green; September 1822 to 1833. I believe these to be the only localities at present known for this new Eríneum.

Puccínia Scillàrum, Grev. MSS.; Baxt. Stirp. Crypt. Oxon. fasc. 1. n. 40. On the leaves of Scilla campanulata H. K., and Scilla nutans Sm., in the Botanic Garden, May (1823 to 1833.), common. On S. nutans Sm., on Shotover Hill.

Ecídium Behenis, Decand. Fl. Fr. v. 6. p. 94.; Baxt. Stirp. Crypt. Oxon. fasc. 2. n. 90. Cæòma Lychnideàrum Link, in Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 6. pt. 2. p. 59. On the leaves and stems of Silène inflàta Sm., in corn fields between Bullington Green and Cheyney Lane, plentiful. Aug. 1827.-. quadrífidum, Decand. Fl. Fr. v. 6. p. 90. Cæòma quadrífidum Link, in Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 6. pt. 2. p. 55. On the leaves and leafstalks of Anemone coronària, L. in gardens; not uncommon. See Loud. Gard. Mag. vol. iii. p. 490.. Ari, Grev. MSS. On the leaves of Arum maculatum L., Bagley Wood, rare. Mr. G. Gulliver has found the same species in the neighbourhood of Banbury.

Uredo Hypericòrum, Decand. Fl. Fr. v. 6. p. 81.; Baxt. Stirp. Crypt. Oxon. fasc. 1. n. 42. Cæòma Hypericòrum Link, in Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 6. pt. 2. p. 24. On the under surface of the leaves of Hypéricum Androsæ mum L. Shotover Hill, and the Botanic Garden, plentiful. June to September, 1825 to 1883. I, in June, 1831, observed the same Urèdo on the leaves of Hypéricum púlchrum L., in the neighbourhood of Rugby in Warwickshire. U. Nicotiana, Purton's MSS. On the under surface of the leaves of Nicotiana multiválvis Lindl., in the Botanic Garden, September, 1832 and 1833. U. Státices. Common on the leaves of Státice Armèria L., in the Botanic Garden. I am not aware that this Urèdo is noticed in any work on cryptogamous botany. It forms oblong rusty-coloured spots, surrounded by the ruptured