Emery Wheels.

Champlin & Rogers................. .........Chicago, Ill................... See Page 192
D. Brewer & Co............................. ............... Philadelphia, Pa............. 66 246
Engine Builders—Stearm.
Buffalo Machinery Agency............................. Buffalo, N. Y.................. See Page 160
C. Henry Hall & Co...................................... New York...................... { % 4
Erie City Iron Works.................................... Erie, Pa......................... & 4 170
J. B. Waring........................ ........ ... • * * * * * * * * * * e s e New York...................... {{ 24
J. S. Mundy ....... ........................................ Newark, N. J.................. & & 266

See also, Steam Engines. *
Engine Lathes.

Isaac H. Shearman....................................... Philadelphia, Pa............. See Page 80
Phelps & Sanger............................................ Cleveland, Ohio............... { % 120
Engine Trinnmings.
J. J. Walworth............................................. Chico go, Ill.................... See Page 1°4
J. G. Knapp Manufacturing Co................ ...... New York...................... 6 & 16
Engineers.
Phillipsburg Manufacturing Co..................... New York.......... * * * * : * > * c e s o See Page 22
Engineers' Instruments.
F. Eckel e e s p * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - g e is e o e o to s - - - - - - - - - - - - e o 'o e o 'o New York...................... See Page 76
Kuebler & Seelhorst...................................... Philadelphia, Pa... ......... {{ 216
Wm. J. Young & Sous................................... 4 o' “ ............ & © T:38
Engineers Stationery Materials.
Charles F. Ketcham...................................... New York...................... See Page 262
Engines.
The Atlas Works.......................................... Pittsburgh, Pa............... See Page 172
Engravers.
Chas. F. Ketcham.......................................... New York...................... See Page 262
Mathieson & Schrader............................ ...... New York...................... € $ 2
Warren, Johnson & Co... ............................... Buffalo, N. Y.................. * & 1("()

SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WEIGHT OF
METALS AND ALLOYS.

Weight of a Weight of a

Specific * e
. . wri Cubic Foot. Cubic Inch.

Gravity. LbS. Lbs.

Aluminium, cast.; 2560 ...... 16() © - © e o 'o .09.2 Antimony, cast........................................ 6710 ...... 419 * - e o so .243 Arsenic....... 57.60 ...... to sa es e - - - - - - .208 Bismuth, cast ; A. e. e. e. e. e. 613 • * * * > * .353 800 ...... 500 * * * * * * .28

Brass, cast 8400 ...... 527 ...... o Brasss, Rolled........ about 83.30 ...... 525 ...... .302 Bronze (Copper 8, Tin 1) Gun Metal, about. 8460 ...... 528 ...... .305 Copper, cast 8750 ...... 543 ..... o .315 “ , rolled 8800 ...... 548 ...... .317 “ , wire........ - 8850 ..... . 553 ...... .321 Gold, pure, cast, 24 carat........................ 19258 ...... 1204 ..... o .6}6 6& 44 hammered, 24 carat...... about. 19500 ...... 1217 * - e o 'o o .702 Iron, cast, purest is \ common average 7210 ..... o 450 ...... .26 ) “ wrought U heaviest • { {{ 7770 ...... 485 • * * * * * .280 Lead, cast................................................. 113 0 ..... . 708 ...... -408 ** rolled 11410 ...... 712 ...... .411 Mercury— 400 15630 ...... 978 ...... ,566 66. 32O 13610 ...... 848 ..... o .492

6& 60°.......................................... 18580 ...... 846 ...... .490

&&. 212°................ • & G & e o & © to e o 'o to e o 'o o e o 'o a to $ to $ to 13376 ...... 836 e to e o & © .483. Nickel, Plate ........................................... 8800 ...... 5 9 o e o 'o o e .318 Platinium, hammered ...................... about. 21500 ..... . 1343 to e o e o a .775 { % native, in grains............. “. . 17500 ...... ..... * - - - - 6. is a e o 'o Silver, pure, cast • * * * * * * * * * * e s to e o e o 4 - a - - - e. e. e. e. 10474 ...... 654 to e o e o e .378 &6. “ hammered ........................... 10510 ...... 655 • * * * * * .379 Steel (Carbon lightens it) common average. 7850 ...... 400 • e o 'o e e .283 Tin (common average)...................... :------- 7291 ...... 455 • * * * * * .262 Zinc 46 “ .......................... ... 7000 ...... 437 © e o o e e .252

L. G. TILLOTSON & Co.

MANUFACTURERS, IMPORTERs and DEALERS IN

No. 8 DE, STREET, NEW YORK.

SPECIAL ACENTS AND REPRESENTATIVES OF -
The Combination Car Spring Company.
New Haven Car Company.
New Haven Car Head Lining Works.
Buffalo Steam Gauge Company.
Mansfield Elastic Frog Company.
Mercer Rubber Company.
Hamilton Rubber Works.
Pickering's Pulley Blocks.

MANUFACTURERS OF ALL. KINDS OF

RAILWAY TRIMMINGS

AND

TELEGRAPH SUPPLIES.

KEEP IN STORE FULL LINE OF ALL MATERIAL FOR

RAIL WAY C 0 N S U M P T 10 N.

---------------------------- -------------- -—- - - - - - - - ------------------- – ------------------------- - - - - -

Exhaust Nozzles.

Geo. W. Richardson & Co............................... Troy, N. Y..................... See Page '50.
- Extra Irons.
J. T. Ryerson - Chicago, Ill.................... See Page 180,
Factory Bells.
A. Fulton's Son & Co...................................... Pittsburgh, Pa................ See Page 116.
- Feather Brushes.
Wose, Dinsmore & Co........ e e < * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * New York...................... See Page 60
Fellys.
Wm. Green & Co.......... - - Wilmington, Del............ See Page 248
Felt.
H. W. Johns • * * * New York.............. © e o e o 'o e See Page 224
Vose, Dinsmore & Co..................................... é & “. ..................... { % 60
Festing. -
Crane Bros. Mauufacturing Co........................ Chicago, Ill.................... See Page 230
Files.
England & Bindley........................................ Pittsburgh, Pa............... See Page 162
G. & H. Barnett ... .............Philadelphia, Pa...... to e o 'o o so e &{ 216
Geo. Worthington & Co................................. Cleveland, Ohio............... 44 100
Hermann Boker & Co.................................... New York........ .....See Pages 15.2, 154
Pratt & Co.................................................... Buffalo, N. Y.................. See Page 132
T. B. Bickerton & Co..................................... Philadelphia, Pa............. {{ 138

Tyng & Co................................................... New York...................... & 9 266)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WEIGIIT OF

W O O D. Specific Weight of a Weight of 1 00 Feet Gravity. Cubic Foot. Board Measure. Lbs. Tons. Apple 793 © e o t e o y o o 49.56 ......... Ash...................................... 75% ........ e 47. ......... 1.748 “ , American White............ 610 ........ o 88. ......... 1.414 Beech.. - 690 ......... 43. ........ Birch.................................... 567 ......... 35. ... ..... Boxwood.............................. 969 ......... 60. ........ e Cherry 672 ......... 42. ........ o 1.562 Chesnut................................ 550 ......... 41. ......... 1.525 Cork......... ........................... 250 ......... 15.6 ......... Dogwood 756 • e o 'o e e o e s 47. ........ -> Ebony, Indian..................... • 1209 ......... 75.5 ........ o olm ............................. ....... 560 ......... 35. ......... 1.302 Fir 512 ......... 32. e e s s e s e o o Hazel................................... 860 ......... 53.7 ......... Hawthorn............................. 910 ......... 56.8 ......... Hemlock .............................. 4'0 ......... 25. ......... .930 Hickory ............................... 850 ......... 53. ......... 1.971 Lignum-Vitae ........................ 1333 ......... 83.4 ......... Locust 728 ......... 45.5 ......... Logwood .............................. 913 ......... 57. ........ © Mahogony, Spanish............... 852 ......... 53.2 ........ o 66 , Honduras............. 560 ......... 85. ........ e Maple.. e 750 ......... 46.8 ........ o “ , Birds' Eye................. 576 ......... 36. • * * * * * * * * Oak, English........................ 777 ......... 48. ........ e “, White........................... 780 ......... 49. ......... “, Live 950 ......... 59. ... “, Red 850 ...... * * * 53. ......... Pine, White ..............average. 400 ......... 25, ........ e .930 “ , Yellow, North, “ .. 550 ......... 34.3 ......... 1.279 “ , 6. South, “ .. 720 ........ • 45. ......... 1.674 Poplar 5 7 ......... 36.6 ......... Satinwood............................. 885 ......... 55.3 ........ o Spruce 400 ......... 25. ......... .930 Sycamore ............................. 590 ......... 37. ......... 1.376 Walnut, Black....................... 610 ......... 38. ......... 1.414

Willow 585 • * * * * * * * * 36.5 • * * * * * * * *

40 WEST 18th STREET, NEW YORK.

(Secured by Letters Patent in the United States.)

TELEGRAPHY,
RAILROAD SIGNALS,
HOTEL ANNUNCIATORS,
BELLS, ETC.

Adopted on France by the “Paris, Lyons and Mediterranean,” the “Northerm,” the “Middle,” the “Western,” and the “Easterm " Railroad Companies. In England, in Austria, in Belgium, 7m, Holland and in Italy.

The Positive Pole is composed of a plate of Carbon set into a mixture of powdered per Oxide of Manganese and Carbon, and hermetically sealed in a porous vase. The Negative Pole is composed of a plate or pencil of amalgamated Zinc. o Poles are set in a solution of Sal Ammoniac and water, contained in a glass Jar. As the Zinc is indefinitely preserved without alteration in the Sal Ammoniac, and as the per Oxide of Manganese is insoluble in this liquid, no internal chemical action takes place when not in use. The Electro-motive power of Grove being 100, this is 75, and Daniels 50; or three cells of this battery are equal to four cells of the Daniels.

ITS ADVANTAGES MAY BE ENUMERATED AS FOLLOWS:

1st. RUNNING ExPENSEs REDUCED To A MINIMUM,

2d. THE ENTIRE ABSENCE OF ACIDs.

3d. ITS GREAT CLEANLINEss.

4th IMPossIBILITY of GETTING OUT of ORDER.

5th DOES NOT FREEZE.

6th. WILL LAST wrTHOUT RENEwAL from one month to several years, according to use, at the end of which time the porous cells can be renewed at a moderate cost.

[* A number of cups have been in use by the Western Union Telegraph Company, on a closed circuit, since November 26, 1872, nothing but water having been added since they were first set up.

No. 40 West 18th Street, New Yorks Or to I, G. TILL0TSON & Co., sole Agents, No. 8 Dey St.

Fire Brick

Hall & Sons ................ to so s e g o G & e o & to e o & & e s & s & o 'o e o e o e o 'o o e o & Buffalo, N. Y.................. See Page 254
Maurer & Weber........................................... New York...................... { % 228
Philip Neukumet.......................................... Philadelphia, Pa...... 6 s is e e o o { % 104
Rogers & Co..................................................Chicago, Ill.................... { % 144
Star Fire Brick Co......................................... Pittsburgh, Pa............... $8 232
Van Tuyl Manufacturing Co.......... • & © e o 'o - © to & © e o e o is New York...................... & 6 242
. - Fire Buckets.
Darrow, Turner & Co..................................... New York...................... See Page 6%
Fire Clay.
Rogers & Co................................................. Chicago, Ill.................... See Page 144
Fire Engines.
Charles B. Hardick....................................... Brooklyn, N. Y............... See Page 84
Fish Bars,
Hermann Boker & Co.................................... New York............... See Pages 152, 154
Jones & Laughlins.......... ............................. Pittsburgh, Pa............... See Page 32
Fish Plates.
Collier & Scranton ; Oxford Iron Co............... New York..................... See Page 122
G.B. Walbridge............ ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ to “ ....................: { % 13s)
Greene & Randolph................... * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * { % “ ..................... & & 54
Lock Nut & Bolt Co. of New York................... ${ “ ..................... {{ 272
O. W. Child................................................... § { “ ..................... “. 262
Tyng & Co.................................................... “ “ ................... ... “ 260
Flags.
De Grauw, Aymar & Co................................. New York...................... See Page 112
Flange Pipes.
R. A. Brick & Co................................... ........ New York....... * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * See Page 48

SHARTS AND WELLS.

(Condensed from Trautwine.)

For Shafts. For Wells. For Shafts. For Wells. Diam. Cubic yds. No. Bricks Conts. Diam. Cubic yds. No. Bricks Conts. in of in lining 1 in in Of in lining 1 in Feet. Digging. br’k thick. Gals. Feet. Digging. br'kthick. Gals. 3 * e is .262 ... 170 ... .367 14 ... 5.7 ... 792 ... 7.997 % ... .356 ... 198 ... .499 % ... 6.116 ... 820 ... 8.578 to o & .465 ... 227 ... .653 15 ... 6.545 ... 849 ... 9.18 3% ... .589 ... 255 ... .826 % ... 6.99 ... 877 ... 9.8 5 ee & .727 ... 283 ... 1.02 16 ... 7.447 ... 9 5 ... 10.44 % ... .880 ... 311 ... 1.234 % ... 7.92 ... 933 ... 11.11 6 ... 1.047 ... 340 ... 1.47 17 ... 8.407 ... 962 ... 11.8 % ... 1.229 ... 368 ... 1.724 % ... 8.908 ... 990 .... 12.5 7 ... 1.425 ... 396 ... 2. 18 ... 9.425 ... 1018 ... 13.22 % ... 1.636 ... 425 ... 2.295 % 9.95 ... 1046 ... 13.96 8 ... 1.862 ... 453 ... 2.611 19 ... 10.5 ... 1075 ... 14.73 % “ 2.102 ... 481 ... 2.948 % ... 11.06 ... 1103 ... 15.51 9 ... 2.356 ... 509 ... 3.305 20 ... 11.64 ... 1131 ... 16.32 % ... 2625 ... 538 ... 3.682 % ... 12.22 ... 1160 ... 17.15 10 ... 2.91 ... 566 ... 4.08 21 ... 12.83 ... 1188 ... 18. % ... 3.207 594 ... 4.498 % ... 13.45 ... 1216 ... 18.85 11 ... 3.52 622 ... 4.937 22 ... 14.08 ... 1244 ... 19.75 % ... 3.847 651 ... 5.396 % ... 14.73 ... 1273 ... 20.66 12 ... 4.19 679 ... 5.875 23 ... 15.39 ... 1301 ... 21.58 % ... 4.54 ... 707 ... 6.375 % ... 16.06 ... 1329 ... 22.53 13 ... 4.916 ... 736 ... 6.89% 24 ... 16.76 ... 1357 ... 23.5 % ... 5.3 ... 764 ... 7.436 25 ... 18.18 ... 1414 ... 25.5

For Shafts, or for cubic yards of digging for Wells, take the diameter of the digging; for diameters greater than given, take a given size 3% the required one, and multiply the quan'ity by 4; thus, for 40 feet take 11.61 (for 20 feet), multiply by 4 = 46.56 cub c yards.

For Wells, take the diameter in clear of lining, and for bricks in larger sizes take double the quantity given above for 3% the required size; the brick lining will be 8% inches thick; for gallons, 1ake diameter inside of lining, and for larger diameters, observe same rule as given above for cubic yards of digging.