Clauses, definition of, 21, V. Rela- tive, 57-60. Parenthetical or in- termediate, 64. Vocative, 68. One clause depending on another, 89, 90 Correlative, 93, 94. In the same construction, 98; 100, k, l. One having a verb understood, 104, 105. Clauses preceding quo- tations or remarks, 108, 109; 138. United by conjunctions, 113, 114. Divisible into simpler portions, 100, ; 116, 117. Series of, having a common dependence, 120, 121. Complete, but followed by a re- mark, inference, or illustration, 130, 131. Constituting members, 134, 135. Interrogative, 155, 156. Exclamatory, 159-161. In paren- theses, 168, 169. Concluding, on which other expressions depend, 178.
Colon, rules and remarks on the,
with exercises, 129-141.
Comma, rules and remarks on the, with exercises, 27-112. An in- verted, sometimes used instead of a small c, 236, II.
Commas, two, used under names to
avoid repetition, 236, III. In- verted, double or single. as quo- tation-marks, 228, 230. Commencement of a broken quota-
tion in verse, blank at the, 195, b. Complete sentences, 142, 143. Compositors, a knowledge of punc- tuation necessary to, in their business, 8, 9. Their skill in the art conducive to mental vigor, 9-11.
Compound sentences, what they are,
Compound and derivative words, distinction between, 23, XII.; 208, b. Compound words, rule and remarks
on, 209-218. Exceptions to the
rule, 211, 212. Compound adjec tives and compound nouns, 212. Nouns and pronouns in apposi- tion, 213. Nouns used adjectively, 213, 214. Numeral adjectives,
214. Adjectives consolidated with nouns, 215. Names of places, 215, 216. The possessive case, 216, 217. Compound and other phrases, 217, 218. Exercises on, 221-223. Conjoined members of sentences, 134, 135. Conjunctions to be pointed, when separated by other words from the parts to which they belong, 65, d. Joining words of the same part of speech, 28-30; 37, 38. Between contrasted or related words and phrases, 45, 46, c, e, f, g, j. Used as adverbs, 73, h, i. As correla- tives, 93, 94. Joining phrases and words, 98, 99. Joining clauses, 89, 90, e, f; 104, c; 108, 109, d, e; 113, 114. Joining sentences, 126, c. Beginning sentences, 134, b; 143. "Consequently," how punctuated, 72, a.
Construction of a sentence, what it is, 23, XIII. Illustrated, 98, a. Contents of books, chapters, or sec- tions, how pointed, 148, b. Contractions and abbreviations, re- marks on, 272-276. Table of, 277-300.
Contrasted words and expressions, 45-47; 79, f; 104, 105; 113, 114. Co-ordinate or consecutive clauses, 22, V.; 100, k.
Copy, hints on the preparation of, 303-307.
Corrector of the press, duties of a, 11, 12; 308-315.
Correlative clauses and words ex-
plained, 21-23, V. and IX.
Crotchets, or brackets, 170, j; 235.
Dagger, the uses of the, 240. Dash, rules and remarks on the, with exercises. 174-196. What points, if any, are used with dashes, 175, a, b; 178, a; 182, a-c; 186, 187; 191, c.
Dates. 79, j; 80, k; 100,j; 112; 149, e;
150, 151; 195; 275.
Decimals, pounds and shillings, how
Definition of the art of punctuation, 2, 19.
Definitions of terms used in the pre-
Dependent clauses, 21, 22, V.; 89,90; 120, 121.
Derivative words, how distinguished
from compounds, 23, XII.; 208, b. Prefixes in, 219, 220. Exercises on derivatives and compounds, 221- 223.
Designations of religious and politi- cal parties, initial letters of the, 263, a; 265, e-h.
"Devil" and " devils," the initials of, 262, a.
Diæresis, use of the, 200, g; 219, a; 239, XI.
"Divine," " Divine Being," &c., the initial letters of, 260, e, f. Division of words into syllables, ac- cording to their pronunciation, 224. According to their form, derivation, or meaning, 225. At ends of lines, 226. Exercises on the, 226, 227.
Dominical letters, pointed not as ab- breviations, but signs, 149, f.
' Doubtless," 72, a, b.
"Ed," "èd," &c., the terminations of participles in verse, 199-201. g-i.
"Either," "even," beginning a final phrase, 79, c.
"Either-or," the correlatives, 29,
Elision of letters in poetry and dia- logue, 198, 199. Ellipsis of namely," """ that is,"
&c., 191. Of letters, figures, or words, 195; 238, VIII. Of words at the beginning of poetical quo- tations, 195, b. Marks of, how formed, 195; 238, VIII. Epigrammatic sentences, 175. "Eternal," the initial letter of, as an
adjective applied to God, 269, e. "Ev'ry," the apostrophe in, 199, f. Example, the punctuation of words
introducing an, 128, 138, 191. A poetical, marked with inverted commas, 229, g. The initial letter of the first word in an, 267, XI. Exclamation, the note of, rule and remarks on, with exercises, 159- 163. Sometimes improperly used, 159, a; 161, d.
Exercises on the definitions, 24, 25.
On the comma, 31, 32; 35, 36; 39, 40; 43, 44; 47-49; 54-56; 61-63; 66, 67; 68; 70, 71; 74-77; 80-82; 86-88; 90-92; 95-97; 100-103; 105 -107; 109-111; 112. On the semi- colon, 114, 115; 117, 118; 122; 126, 127; 128. On the comma and the semicolon, 119; 123, 124. On the colon, 131-133; 136; 139, 140. On the semicolon and the colon, 137. On the period, 143-146; 151, 152. On the notes of interrogation and exclamation, 157, 158; 162, 163; 164-166. On the marks of paren thesis, 171-173. On the dash, 176, 177; 179, 180; 183-185; 188, 189; 192; 195, 196. On the semicolon
and dash, 181. On the dash and its accompanying point, 189, 190; 193. On the apostrophe, 201-203; 205-207. On the hyphen, 221- 223; 226, 227. On marks of quota- tion, 233, 234. General, 241-254. Explanation of proof-marks, 316-318. "Expression," meaning of the word, 22, VII.
Expressions, inverted, 83-85. Cor-
relative, 93, 94. Divided into sim- pler parts, 116, 117. Having a common dependence, 120, 121; 178. In the form of questions, 155, 156. Indicating passion or emotion, 159 -161.
Extracts, consisting of words or expressions, 228-231. Composed of successive paragraphs, 232.
Father," ," "Fathers," distinctions made in the initials of, 260, g; 262, c.
Figures, Arabic, how punctuated,
112; 150, IV. Not abbreviations, 149, e; 150, IV.
Final phrases, 70, g; 78-80. Clauses, 89, 90.
"" First," "finally," "for the most part," often pointed with commas, 72, a.
"First Cause, Father of mercies," the initials of, 260, f, g.
First word in a book, tract, &c., 258, I. In phrases or clauses separately numbered, 258, I., b. After a period, or note of interro- gation or exclamation, 258, II. b; 259, c.
"For," between two clauses, the latter being explanatory, 113, 114. Beginning sentences, 134, b; 143, e. Foreign words that have been Aug- licized by contraction, 149, d.
Formerly," often unpointed, 72, c.
General exercises, 241-254. Genitive case, rule and remarks ou the sign of the, with exercises, 204-207.
Geographical and geometrical signs, 301.
"God," when used with a capital, and when with a small initial, 259, a.
"Gospel," initial of, varied in ac-
cordance with its meaning, 264, d. Governing words, the last of two or more, 33, d; 34, e; 38, g. Grammar, some acquaintance with, necessary to a knowledge of punc- tuation, 20. Grammatical punctuation different from rhetorical, 15-17; 27, 28. Grammatical points, rules and re- marks on the, with exercises, 26- 152.
Grammatical and rhetorical points, rules and remarks on the, with exercises, 153-196.
Hand, or index, 237, IV.
Headings and subheads, 147, 270. Heads of chapters, sections, articles, put entirely on capitals or small capitals, 268, XIII.
Heaven," not to be printed heav'n, 199, f. The initial letter of, 260, d; 262, b. "Heavenly" should have a small initial, 260, e.
"Hence," "here," 73, e, f. "However," the pointing of, as a conjunction and an adverb, 73, h. Hints on the preparation of copy, and on proof-reading, 303-315. "Holy Spirit," "Holy Ghost," the initials of, usually put in capitals, 260, i.
66 How," ," 109, g; 160, b.
Hyphen, rules and remarks on the, with exercises, 208-227. As used in compound words, 209-218. In derivatives, 219, 220. In syllabi- cation, 224-226.
"I. e.," "that is," 128; 138, d. "If," 89, a, e; 109, g. Imperative absolute, 69, b. Importance of punctuation, 1-18. 'In conclusion," when put at the beginning of a paragraph, 131, e. "In fine," "in short," "in truth," "in general," &c., usually pointed with commas, 72, a.
"In order that," 90, g, h. "In order to," 79, i.
"Indeed," as an adverb and as a conjunction, 73, h. Independent phrases, 69, 70. Independent sentences, 142. Index, or hand, use of the, 237, IV. Indirect quotations, questions, &c., 108, c; 109, g; 155, b; 229, b. "Indisputably," 72, a. "Infinite One," begun with capital letters, 260, f.
Initial letters of words, when to be capitalized, 257-267. Inscriptions, capitals and small ca- pitals used in, 268, XIII. Institutions, principal words in the rules and reports of, 261, a. Interlineations to be made in copy with great distinctness, 304. Interlocutors, names of, 194, c. Intermediate words, phrases, and clauses, 22, VIII.; 46, j; 50, c; 57, b; 58, e; 64, 65; 69, d-f; 72, XI., d; 73, g-i; 186, 187. Interrogation-point, rules and re- marks on the, with exercises, 154-158.
Inverted expressions, 83-85. When the comma should be omitted in,
84, d; 85, f. When inserted, 84, 85, g.
Italics, how distinguished in manu script, 269. To be sparingly used. 223, d-f; 269, 270.
"King," sometimes put with a capi- tal K, and sometimes with a smal! one, 259, b; 261, b.
Language, oral, rendered more ex-
pressive by variation of tones, inflections, and pauses, 1, 2. Writ- ten or printed, elucidated by points, 2.
Larger portions of sentences, 116,
Leaders, or dots, 238, IX. Letter-writers cause trouble by their loose style of pointing, 5. Letter, syllabic,and quotation points, rules and remarks on the, with exercises, 197-234.
Letters of the alphabet, sometimes
signs, not abbreviations, 149, f. Used instead of Arabic figures or numeral words, 150, 151. "Lord," "lady," initials of, 259, b; 261, IV., b. Lunar signs, 302.
"Madam," the initial of, 261, IV., b. Marks, not pointed as abbreviations, 150, IV. Marks, miscellaneous, explanation of, 235-240. Arithmetical and other, 301.
Marks of parenthesis, rule and re- marks on the, with exercises, 167- 174.
Marks of quotation, rules and obser- vations on the, with exercises, 228-234.
Marks, typographical, explained and exemplified, 316–321.
Mathematical signs, 301.
Medical signs, 301.
Members of sentences, explanation of, 21, IV. Conjoined, 134, 135. Miscellaneous abbreviations, list of, 277-300.
Miscellaneous marks, 235-240. "More, greater, &c.,-than," the correllatives, 93, a; 94, d, e. "More, the,-the better," the cor- relatives, 93, a.
"Most High," "Highest," applied to God, begin with capitals, 260, f.
Ň, the Spanish, 239, XIII. Namely," ," 128; 138, d; 191. Names of the grammatical points, and whence borrowed, 26. Of in- terlocutors, the dash unnecessary after, 194, c. Of persons and places begun with capital letters, 262. Compound, of places, 215. Names of sizes of books, 271.
66 Nature," with a capital or a small n, 260, c.
"Neither-nor," the correlatives, 29, g; 93, a; 94, h.
"No," when equivalent to a sen- tence, 130, d.
Nominative and verb, 50-54. Abso- lute or independent, 69, a, c. Nominative clause, what it is, 21, V.; 50, a. Phrase, 22, VI.; 50, a. "Nor," between two words of the same part of speech, 28, 29. In a series of words, 37, 38. As a cor- relative, 93, a; 94, h. Between phrases and words in the same construction, 98, b; 99, g. Be- tween two short clauses, a verb being understood in the latter, 104, c.
"Not," between two words con- trasted or mutually related, 46, d. Preceding the first of two con-
"O" and "oh," in what they differ, and how pointed, 160, c. Obelisk, or dagger, 240. Objections to the study of punctua tion answered, 12-14. Objective absolute or independent, 69, f.
"Of," having before it a verb under- stood, 105.'e.
"Of late," of course," &c., 72, a. "Of which," of whom," 59, h. Omission of "namely" or "that is," 191. Of letters, figures, or words 195; 238, VIII. Of words in the first line of a poetical quo- tation, 195, b.
"On the one hand," "on the con- trary," &c., 72, a.
"Once more," put at the beginning of several sentences, 131, e. "Or," 28-30; 37, 38; 94, h; 98-100, b, g, i; 104, c.
"Orthodox," initial of. 265, g.
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