6

ST. MARY'S AT THAME.-Could any reader supply me with the names of all persons interred in or under the church of St. Mary the Virgin at Thame in Oxfordshire, England? The date of death (if possible) is also desired. There cannot be very many.

HERBERT WM. QUARTERMAIN.

29, Smith Street, Lower Riccarton,
Christchurch, New Zealand.
AUTHOR OF QUOTATION WANTED.—
Ah, que les gens d'esprit sont bêtes!
H. MUTSCHMANN.
University College, Nottingham.

equals an abbreviated title of the 'Paradoxal Discourses,' 1685; 'Seder Olam' equals the edition of 1694; Man and his Diseases' is an abbreviated title of the Spirit of Diseases,' 1694; 'Devine Being' is intended for the edition of 'The Divine Being,' 1693; 200 Queries' is the edition of 1684; and 'Pre-existence' is presumably the Dissertation of the Pre-existency of Souls,' 1684. If these inferences can be shown to be unfounded, or if any further light can be thrown upon the bibliographical tangle caused by the entries in the Term Catalogues, I shall be greatly obliged for such information. It is a fact that the titleOLD HAMPSTEAD: ANCIENT VESTMENTS. pages of many of F. M. v. H.'s works differ,In the 1902 issue of the although the difference is merely confined Annual an article appears under the title Hampstead to the title-pages themselves. many as three different title-pages of a single stated therein that I know as of A Glimpse of Old Hampstead.' It is work, all issued in the same year; but I am entirely unable to find any traces of editions of 1711 which would naturally be inferred to have been issued from the entries in the Term Catalogues. F. S. DARROW.

Point Loma, California.

(To be continued.)

A BOOK OF FABLES.-I have an old and much abused book of fables in verse, which contains no clue to date of publication, &c. It has cuts by W. Kent and J. Wootton, engraved by B. Barron, P. Fourdrinier, and J. Vdr. Gucht. The introduction begins with 'The Shepherd and the Philosopher' :

Remote from cities liv'd a swain,
Unvex'd with all the cares of gain;
His head was silver'd o'er with age,
And long experience made him sage.
The engravings are curious and of interest.
I shall be glad of some information about
them and the book they illustrate.

THOS. RATCLIFFE.

A BIRD NAME.-Not long ago I bought, in a second-hand bookshop, a paper-covered treatise by one George Edwards, of Market Lavington, Wilts, and published apparently towards the end of the eighteenth century. The title-page, headed A Discourse on the Emigration of British Birds,' gives a lengthy abstract of the contents of the little book. Among birds mentioned on this page, after such familiar names as the whinchat, willow-wren, and whitethroat, occurs the word etotoli. The name occurs again in the book itself, following those of the butcherbird, wryneck, redstart, and willow-wren, but there it is spelt etoboli. I am curious as to the meaning of the word, and should be glad to be enlightened. J. R. H.

Mrs.

romantic house at Hampstead,' was once a farm"Grove Lodge, which abuts upon Constable's house, and in a room at the top of the house long ago priests' vestments were discovered. Swan, a former owner of the Lodge, remembered her grandmother telling her how when a child she used to play at games in that upper chamber arrayed in these vestments."

and who was supposed to have originally Is anything known what became of these,

owned the vestments?

A. B.

BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION WANTED.— I should be glad to obtain any particulars of the following men, who were educated at Westminster School: (1) John Broderick, admitted 1777. (2) Thomas Broderick, admitted 1718, aged 10. (3) William Bromley, admitted 1773. (4) Francis Brooke, admitted 1732, aged 10. (5) Philip Brooke, admitted 1720, Brookes, admitted 1729, aged 10. aged 11. (6) Thomas (7) Griffith Broom, admitted 1725, aged 15. (8) John Broughton, admitted 1739, aged 12. 12. (9) Francis Brouncker, admitted 1818, aged aged 11. (10) Henry Brounker, admitted 1718, G. F. R. B.

PARISHES AND PATRON SAINTS.-For some centuries, apparently, the name of a parish has been determined by that of the saint to which its church is dedicated. By whom is the choice of the saint decided? Some saints have been at times neglected, and at other times greatly favoured. For instance, I can only recall in my Continental wanderings one important church, the Cathedral at Salerno, dedicated to St. Matthew. His name rarely occurs amongst our own church parishes formed prior to the nineteenth century. Throughout that century, however, churches dedicated to him sprung up

in all directions, and he apparently appealed COLERIDGE'S POEM THE NIGHTINGALE.' especially to the leaders of the Evangelical-May I inquire if the grove and castle movement. With the rise of the later huge mentioned by Coleridge in his Anglican party St. Barnabas has come into poem The Nightingale,' written in April, favour, but without any apparent reason, 1798, have been located, and, if so, where unless the prominence given to the church the precise spot may be ? I have heard a in Pimlico in the latter part of the last castle in West Somerset suggested as the century can be put forward. L. G. R. venue, but as it had been erected only some Bournemouth. forty years when the poem was written,

[See 5 S. x. 300; xii. 43; 6 S. vii. 427; 8 S. vii. 328, and moreover at that time was inhabited 389, 512; viii. 75.]

JAMES II. OR WILLIAM III. ?-There is a portrait by Kneller in the Council House at Bristol that is said to be of James II., and the story attached to it is that a portrait of Charles II., being dirty, was sent to be cleaned, with the result that another face was found underneath. The Official Guide' (1913), in stating this face to be the face of James II., says that "his extreme unpopularity at the time of the Revolution probably accounts for such treatment.'

I am, however, strongly of the opinion that the portrait is that of William III., and not of James II. The big hooked nose and the deeply marked zygomatic arches are identical with those of a tiny miniature set in pearls and backed with enamel, in my own possession, that the prints at the British Museum prove to be unquestionably of William III., and I believe this miniature to have been given by the King to a Rooker ancestor of my own who came over with him in 1688. Moreover, it seems to me far more likely that a portrait of William III. would have been altered by some loyal Jacobite to that of Charles, than that Charles should have been substituted for James.

Can any correspondent throw light upon

this curious alteration?

MARGARET LAVINGTON.

Chudleigh House, Bideford.

SIR ALEXANDER PERCY.-How were the Percies, Earls of Northumberland, related to Sir Alexander Percy, Knt., of Kildale, Ormesby, and Sneton, co. York, whose sister Margaret married Sir John Mowbray, Knt., of Kirklington ? WM. JACKSON PIGOTT. Manor House, Dundrum, co. Down.

JUDAS ISCARIOT.-Will any one kindly direct me to the original source of the story of Judas Iscariot's one day of respite annually from hell, or to any literary allusions to it other than those of Matthew Arnold in St. Brandan' and of Kipling in The Last Chantey'?

H. K. ST. J. SANDERSON.

Ashfield, Bedford.

by "the great lord," it is quite out of the question. The nightingale, too, was an unknown or rare bird indeed at that date. in the aforesaid locality, as it is only within quite recent years that it has penetrated into that part of the county. This, therefore, could not have been the castle. I append the quotation from the poem to which I allude:

And I know a grove

Of large extent, hard by a castle huge,,
Which the great lord inhabits not; and so
This grove is wild with tangling underwood,
And the trim walks are broken up, and grass,
Thin grass and king-cups grow within the paths.
But never elsewhere in one place I knew
So many nightingales; and far and near,
In wood and thicket, over the wide grove,
With skirmish and capricious passagings,
They answer and provoke each other's song,
And murmurs musical and swift jug jug,
And one low piping sound more sweet than all-
Stirring the air with such a harmony,
That should you close your eyes, you might almost
Forget it was not day!

D. K. T.

[The late James Dykes Campbell in his edition of Coleridge's 'Poetical Works,' 1893, concludes his notes on the poem with the following words (p. 612) : "It seems hardly necessary to say that the scenery of the poem is that of the foot of the Quantocks about Stowey and Alfoxden; that 'My Friend, and thou, our Sister!' are William and Dorothy Wordsworth; that, though not hard by Alfoxden, the castle huge' is probably the ruined castle overhanging N. Stowey; and that the 'most gentle maid' is Dorothy Wordsworth."]

HAMPSHIRE.-Wanted any references to this county from MS. sources. Please reply direct.

J. H. COPE. (Editor, Hants Field Club.)

Finchamstead, Berks.

'VISIONS OF THE WESTERN RAILWAYS.' -I have a book of poems thus entitled, which contains also Thoughts on the British Association at Liverpool,' and a collection of other verses. It was printed in 1838 for private circulation, but has no author's name. It was dedicated to Sir Charles Lemon, Bart., M.P. for the western division of Cornwall. Can any of your readers give me the name of the poet? H. J. GODBOLD. 35, Waddon Park Avenue, Croydon.

LOST STATUE OF DIOMEDE BY SERGEL.In 1775 one Lord Talbot bought in Rome a statue of Diomede from the Swedish sculptor J. T. Sergel (1740-1814), a forerunner of Canova and Thorvaldsen. The statue was of marble, about life-size, and represented Diomede carrying away the image of Pallas from Troy. It was probably signed "Sergel fecit Romæ 1774." Nothing is known about it by the present members of the Talbot families, and it did not figure at the sale by Christies in 1857.

left about 1768. Ashton (or Assheton),
Thomas, admitted 16 Jan., 1761, left about
1765. Aston, Willoughby, admitted 9 Sept.,
1761, left same year. Athill, Joseph, ad-
mitted 15 Jan., 1760, left about 1765. Aus-
tin, Daniel, admitted 29 April, 1762, left
same year. Ayscough, George Edward,
admitted 6 June, 1759, left about 1763.
R. A. A.-L.

REGISTERS OF HAWKHURST, Kent. - Can any reader inform me where a copy of the The undersigned, who is writing a mono-register of marriages at Hawkhurst Church, graph on Sergel, would be much obliged for Kent, between 1725 and 1750 may be seen ? any information about the statue in question, I am anxious to procure a copy of the entry sent directly to Hôtel Roosevelt, 63, avenue my great-great-grandfather's marriage. d'Iéna, Paris, or after 15 May to the National He was married at this church, but the Vicar H. BRISING. informs me that the registers are missing for that period. J. J. PIPER.

Museum of Stockholm.

TRAIN BAND MEN.-In the Parish Con

stable's Accounts of a Leicestershire village
for 1715 there are items for expenses in con-
nexion with "two Train band men," includ-
ing 28. for "
listing" them; also four days'
pay for them whilst at Leicester, together
with a fee of 28. for the "Muster Master
there. There are also charges for repairs
to two swords and muskets, and an item,
21. 158. 6d. " paid for the armour of the Train
band." These preparations were, no doubt,
made in consequence of the Jacobite rising
in the North. Did the two train band men
belong to the village, and whose property
was the armour, &c. ? Where can I find
information on the subject ? M. B.

66

[See the long note at 10 S. xii. 422, by MISS ETHEL LEGA WEEKES, on 'Military Musters: Parish Armour.']

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"AMENER DE FEYNS": "PAPE."-In a West-Country case, entered in contracted Latin, one of the culprits is described as Thomas le amener de ffeyns" and as "ductor de ffeyns.' He led two horses laden with ffeyns." One is tempted to seek a Norman-French origin for the title. Another man was William Hugo," pape de Exon"," and is also described as a servant of the Mayor of that city. Can any one tell me the occupations of these two men ?

F. ROSE-TROUP.

OLD ETONIANS.-I shall be much obliged for any information regarding the following Eton boys:-Acland, Hugh, admitted 27 April, 1765, left about 1769. Alcock, John, admitted 3 March, 1762, left about 1763. Alkin, Thomas Verrier, admitted 14 April, 1760, left about 1764. Ambrose, John, admitted 3 May, 1757, left about 1761. Andrews, John, admitted 8 Sept., 1764,

of

should be very glad of any information as to MARTEN OF BROADWATER, SUSSEX.-I lived at Broadwater (near Worthing) some the ancestors of the family of Marten who E. B

time

ago.

Replies.

DEATH FOLK-LORE.

(11 S. ix. 128, 196, 236, 278, 296, sub ‘Tying Legs after Death.')

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vacher

IN one direction, at least, the writer can throw
light on this subject. Indeed, it is necessary
in order to refute some mistaken notions, of
which the following is an example. The
writer was gravely told the other day that
Hebrews place silver money in the palms of
the dead" to get them across the Jordan."
Now, immediately it is known that death is
merely a question of hours, or, as we say,
the person lies' gousess,' a "professional”’
watcher is duly installed. Of course, the
(watcher) is usually kept out of
the patient's sight as much as practicable.
By this device premature interment is un-
known among the Hebrews. The " watcher,"
as soon as the final act occurs, is there to
render valuable assistance, both to the dead
and to the living, in a way such as might be
resented if volunteered by friends or rela-
tions of the bereaved. The "vacher
for the time being, in possession of the
"house of mourning," and everybody yields
to his (or her) authority until the body is
finally removed by the undertaker's men on
the morning of the funeral; till which time
(never more than three days if a Sabbath
intervenes) this man or woman remains with
the deceased, and, in some cases, helps the

is,

46

tahara-men," or the "tahara-women," to prepare the corpse for its final resting-place. Many are the strange wishes of the dying, and so far as is lawful, every effort is made to respect them. Some pious Hebrews insist on having a bag of Palestinian earth buried with them in their coffins; some desire to be laid out in their "Yom-Kippur attire," in the white robes and caps they wear on the Day of Atonement. I am not quite sure whether it is lawful to acquiesce in the desire to enclose, say, a favourite Hebrew volume, or the dead man's phylacteries, but such requests would be faithfully carried out by the "lavadores," or "washers." Money or jewellery is never placed in the coffin, such things being contrary to the principles of Hebrew sepulture.

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The next stage is the "Shiva," or the "week of mourning." 66 When the meis," or body, is being carried out of the house, karrea," or garment-slitting," begins. A male and a female operator are in attendance, whose duty it is to slit, and then to tear, usually the top of one's waistcoat, or the women's undervests." Then the mourners set out for the cemetery, following the body enclosed in a plain deal casing, with a pall thrown over it as a concession to modernity. The newer practice of interment in expensive caskets is growing among the wealthy members of the community, though it is not encouraged. Only men-folk are permitted to follow.

66

66

66

are matins as well as vespers, in order to give the men and boys every opportunity to say Kaddish,' or Prayers for the Dead." Visiting the bereaved is considered to be a duty of the highest significance, because, in the words of the Rabbins, "it conduces to sweet courtesy," and is held " as of equal value, in respect to merit hereafter," with visiting the sick, or portioning poor dowerless maidens, and other charitable deeds."

66

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Social conditions constantly change; but in pre-Ghetti periods the services one could render to mourners under the generic heading of neechumin were both liberal and extensive. To-day, for the poorer classes of Hebrew mourners, there are numerous societies in existence, so that little or no private assistance is called for; yet it is not considered debasing to them if any wealthy neighbour should undertake to be responsible for the groceries, &c., required during the Shiva," when, owing to the large number of callers, the demands upon their larders would be exhausting and prohibitive; for hospitality, like other duties, must be rigidly carried out by them to the letter just the same (Berachoth, 11).

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Though morning services may be falling into desuetude, and the midday callers may be few, yet many forgather to the house of mourning to join in the evening prayers, especially if they are in their year of mourning themselves, or are keeping a "Yahrzeit, or anniversary for a parent, In some respects modern practice differs when they too can join in reciting "Kadmaterially from the customs of the ancient dish." Usually, the clergyman of the local Hebrews. For instance, "karrea" was synagogue, or the "Chevra" (Society) to which obligatory," according to the Talmud the deceased belonged, comes to chant (Sabbath, 105b), even on the Sabbath, and "Maariv," or vespers, to read certain approdirectly the person expired.” Again, priate psalms and prayers, and to speak neechumin," or sympathy, was allowed to mussar (consolation), to all and sundry, be offered to the bereaved on the Sabbath | whether mourners or not. These are the (ibid., 12b). In those days the mourners great occasions when the Maggid" stood up to receive the visitors as they filed (speaker) can pour forth his boundless stores silently by them (Sanhedrin, 19). Nowadays of Hagada and Midrash, with a deftness and the Sabbath is not marred by the presence of a celerity of combination truly marvellous, death in the house at all. Nothing in rela- the immediate effect being cognizable in the tion to family bereavement is then outwardly transfigured countenances of those who are forapparent. In fact, the accidental interven-tunate enough to listen to his honeyed words. tion of " the holy day" reduces the actual mourning sometimes from seven to one or two days. Nowadays, mourners are seated, both men and women, on low stools, in which posture they are supposed to take their meals; the first of which consists of eggs, the symbol of immortality and fruitfulness, presented to them by friends who volunteer to look after their bodily needs as soon as possible after the men return from the last offices to the dead. In many homes there

66

This office of "consolator" is open to everybody possessing the fascinating art of entertaining mourners." The one rule to be observed is not to permit them to mope. At all costs, they must be shaken out of their melancholy, and it is the visitor's business to find a way or make one.

The Shiva is brought to a dramatic close by one or more friends and relatives accompanying the mourners to the synagogue on the first Friday night after the