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Porphyrogenitus.

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from it will, I hope, once and for all dispel the legend that W. H Maxwell ever was a soldier.

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See N. & Q.,' 9 S. xii. 363, and 10 S. i. 203. 'Lib. 10. ca. 4" in Burton's margin supplies the chapter in the 'Geoponica' in which the loves of the palm "On 7th December, 1807, when just turned fifteen, are treated. Owing to the omission of a he entered Trinity College, Dublin......and gradureference mark in the text of the second edi- ated there in 1812.......During his lifetime it was tion, all later editions combine this note with stated by Dr. Maginn that he had served in the Connaught Rangers. Archdeacon Cotton described the preceding, as though it indicated a him as a captain,' and Lever, who knew him so passage in Cornelius Agrippa. The anti-intimately, hinted that he had seen service in the pathy between the vine and the cabbage is Peninsular campaign as an irregular under his Nor did Maxwell deny the mentioned in v. 11, 3, and xii. 17, 17-21, of baptismal names. the Geoponica,' and in Pliny's Natural History,' xx. 9 (34), 84. At the beginning of book xxiv. Pliny speaks of the hatred between the oak and the olive, and between the oak and the walnut, besides that between the vine and the cabbage. In accordance with this antipathy, cabbage was recommended as a preventive of intoxication, or as a remedy for its after-effects. Pliny and the Geoponica mention this. Modern medical science may have decided that this is purely fanciful, but the belief was long prevalent. In the eighth book which J. J. Wecker added to his Latin translation of Alexius Pedemontanus's ' De Secretis,' there is a recipe to enable a person to drink a quantity of wine without getting drunk, in which cabbage is an ingredient :

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R. Succi caulium alborum

Granatorum acrium, sing. dr. ij.
Aceti, dr. j.

Possibly this might prove as treacherous as
"the d-d strawberry at the bottom of the
glass " to a man who put his trust in it.

EDWARD BENSLY.

WILLIAM HAMILTON MAXWELL (11 S. ix 230).-Hamilton Maxwell, gazetted to a company in the 42nd Black Watch on 14 May, 1813, was not, as suggested in the 'D.N.B.,' the same individual as William Hamilton Maxwell, the novelist. Hamilton Maxwell was the third son of my greatgrandfather, Sir William Maxwell, fourth baronet of Monreith. I possess his sporran and epaulets. W. H. Maxwell, the novelist, was descended from a member of the clan who was forced to leave Scotland during the Covenanting troubles in the seventeenth century. HERBERT MAXWELL.

Monreith.

soft impeachment. Since his death various works
give currency to the report; even the 'D.N.B.'
avers that, according to the "Army List," 1813,
"Hamilton Maxwell" obtained a captaincy in the
42nd Foot on 14 May, 1812. He seems to have sub-
sequently transferred himself to the 88th Regiment
("Army List," 1815). He was present in the Penin-
sular campaigns and at Waterloo.' No, no! it is!a
case of mistaken identity on the part of the writer.
Apart from the improbability of a youngster not
quite twenty obtaining the rank of captain in the
far-famed 'Black Watch,' there is plenty of local evi-
dence that in the year of Waterloo he was at home
in inglorious ease...... He was ordained in Carlow
by the Bishop of Ferns on 25th July, 1813.
first charge, to which he was licensed in the same
year, was Clonallon......about a mile from Warren-
point......Here he remained for several years.
married on 11th Sept., 1817, Miss Mary Dobbin......
a niece of Leonard Dobbin, long time M.P. for the
primatial city of Armagh. On 21st June, 1819, he
was collated to the rectory of Balla."

His

I think a comparison of names and dates will be sufficient refutation.

EDITOR IRISH BOOK LOVER.' Kensal Lodge, N.W.

CHARLES I.: ROYALIST SOCIETIES (11 S. ix. 151, 233, 276).—I should like to call attention to the existence of the Thames Valley Legitimist Club, founded in 1877 by Mr. Samuel Rawson and Mr. Henry Charles Twiss of Chiswick-the next oldest society of this kind to the Order of the White Rose. It has branches in the Colonies and in foreign countries.

ALOYSIUS LUMBYE,

Chairman, Thames Valley Legitimist Club. King's Arms Hotel, Kew Green.

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HENRY GOWER, BISHOP OF ST. DAVID'S (11 S. ix. 88, 195).—In June, 1275, Heron de Gower held ". .Lord William de Breos ....of Kermerdyn (Extent of the Manor of Carmarthen, June, 1275: Inquis. 3 Ed. I., No. 84, quoted in Daniel-Tyssen's The fullest biography that has yet ap-Charters of Carmarthen). In 1326 Isapeared of this novelist was one of a series entitled Distinguished Downshiremen,' and appeared in The Northern Whig (Belfast) on 7 May, 1906. It was from the pen of the present writer, and embodied a good deal of research, and information supplied by a surviving relative. A few extracts

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bella and Johanna, daughters of William
Gower, freeholders by deed, held three
bovates in Castle Manrico, Carmarthen
(Extent of the Bishopric of St. David's,
usually called the Black Book of Carmar-
In 1344 John
then : Add. MS. B.M. 34,125).
Gower, in the vill of Dynevour, Carm., took

the oath of fealty to Edward the Black
Prince on his accession to the Principality of
Wales (Roll of Fealty, &c., Minist. Accts.,
Early Ser., 16 and 17 Ed. III., No. 16).
For Pennara" in 1 4, p. 196, read
Pennard.
AP THOMAS.

TARRING (11 S. viii. 368, 416, 473; ix. 158, 212). Thanks to H. B. S. W., who has sent me a list of Devon wills, considerable light is thrown on the subject as far as Devonshire is concerned. There are twenty-four entries from 1547 to 1729 in various spellings, beginning with John Torryng, and ending with Wilmote Tarring. Seventeen of these entries are connected with Stoke Gabriell, a place situated on the east bank of the Dart, and not far from Torbay. From this it may be inferred that the name was suggested by the well-used term tor; and Stoke Gabriell, if not its place of origin, was, at any rate, its stronghold for 200 years.

The Sussex problem remains unsolved; but it may be noted that one of the Devonshire spellings, Torringe (1644), is not unlike the original Sussex word Terringe. Will Sussex readers please note? Why Tarring in each case ? G.

MILTON'S EPITAPH: THE SECOND FOLIO

with respect to the second question, "Why is the leaf so rare that only three copies are known to exist?" that there is but one explanation, viz., that it was issued only to those to whom Bacon's secrets were entrusted. Up to the year 1910 the number of "A.A. - Rouge Croix No. 33 'Masons," to whom Bacon's secrets have from the begin. ning been entrusted, was strictly limited to nine persons. But in 1910 the number was increased from nine to thirty-three, all of whom are "fully informed."

In various letters which appeared in N. & Q.' I have pointed out that Milton's Epitaph is mainly derived from the opening lines of Love's Labour's Lost' and from page B2 in Josuah Sylvester's Translation of Du Bartas His Divine Weekes and Workes,' which was first published in 1605. Every word which I have written about the emblem upon that page B2 is absolutely and exactly correct. Apelles" does mean

skin off." However unclassical this may be considered to be, yet your correspondents generally admit that, at that period, apella was almost universally supposed to mean sine pelle (without a skin).

In Nuttall's Dictionary "Credat Judæus Apella" is translated as "Let Apella the circumcised or credulous Jew believe evidence of the correctness of the translation, that." I do not quote this as unimpeachable but it does supply indisputable testimony to the persistence and prevalence of the

translation.

Of course, all emblems are

OF THE SHAKESPEARE PLAYS, 1632 (11 S. viii. 141, 196, 232. 294, 317; ix. 11, 73, 114, 172, 217, 237, 257.)-In N. & Q.' of 7 June last, 1913. I pointed out that in my library Milton's Epitaph appears correctly printed upon a cancel leaf which is inserted in my copy of the 1632 Folio. After worldwide purposefully prepared to deceive-I will not inquiry only two other correctly printed say fools, but the uninformed—while giving copies have been reported. One is in the a full and accurate revelation to the "iniNew York Public Library (Astor, Lenox, tiated." Hence MR. DENHAM PARSONS is Tilden Foundations), and one in the library quite unable to see that the very carefully of Queen's College, Oxford. All experts are drawn rope with a ring to form a slip-knot, agreed that this page is evidently an which is round the neck of the animal, does original and contemporary print, not not, and cannot by any possibility be sup. reproduction in any modern sense," and posed to, represent a badly drawn collar that the paper is contemporary." and chain, but shows us in fact that the PRIDEAUX says:— creature has a halter round its neck, and represents a "hanged hog," a Bacon. The 1623 First Folio of the Shakespeare plays is signed upon the first page with the author's name- hanged hog "Bacon'

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a

COL.

"This cancel leaf was evidently printed after the book had been placed on sale, and was issued to purchasers in the same way as cancel leaves are occasionally issued at the present day."

Two questions therefore arise: Why was the cancel leaf issued ? and Why are so few copies of it found?

The first question can be answered with absolute certainty. The cancel leaf was issued to render Milton's Epitaph correct, and to teach those capable of understanding that it informs us quite clearly and distinctly that Shakespeare, the author of the plays, was in fact Francis Bacon. I myself think,

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by means of what is generally supposed to be a "printer's error." That Apelles Table" does, as I say. mean the list of Bacon's anonymous works is proved by MR. DENHAM PARSONS, ante, p. 217, where he

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The leaden pass for Cromwell Gardens is not, as its name suggests, of the seventeenth century, but at least a hundred years later. Vide Wroth's London Pleasure Gardens,' infra Cromwell's Gardens, Brompton.

ALECK ABRAHAMS.

SAFFRON WALDEN (11 S. ix. 87, 177 217).

"Picture here does not mean a painting, but the "Table of literary works. And this extract also proves that Apelles Table" does not refer in any way to the great Greek artist. As I have already stated, Sidney died in 1586, and in the 'Register' of 1588 the Arcadia' is entered in Sidney's name, as is also a translation of Du Bartas. This teaches us that origin--There does not appear to be any very ally it was intended to bring out the translation of Du Bartas under the pseudonym of Sidney, just as the Arcadia,' which was wholly Bacon's work, was likewise produced under the pseudonym of Sidney, who in fact did not write anything.

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EDWIN DURNING-LAWRENCE.

PRINTS TRANSFERRED TO GLASS (11 S. ix. 250). MR. GRAY might read what MR. CHARLES DRURY quotes in reference to Painting on Glass' at 10 S. ii. 284.

The following, taken from The Hand. maid to the Arts, 2nd ed., 1764, chap. xivf p. 381, explains more clearly the method of taking of mezzotinto prints on glass, and painting upon them with oil, water, or varnish colours" :

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"Procure a piece of the best crown glass, as near as possible in size to the print to be taken off; and varnish it thinly over with turpentine, rendered a little more fluid by the addition of oil of turpentine. [Or Canada balsam and turpentine.] Lay the print then on the glass: beginning at one end, and pressing it down in every part in proceeding to the other. This is requisite to prevent any vehicles of air being formed, in the laying it on, by the paper touching the cement unequally in different parts; and to settle the whole more closely to the glass, it is well to pass over it a wooden roller. Dry then the glass with the print thus laid upon it, at the first, till the turpentine be perfectly hard, and afterwards moisten the paper well with water till it be thoroughly soaked. After this rub off the paper intirely from the cement by gently rolling it under the finger and let it dry without any heat: the impression of the print will be found perfect on the glass; and may be painted over with either oil or

varnish colours."

This process being taken from a somewhat rare book, and the subject being one still "to the front," I am replying through N. & Q.' rather than directly.

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HAROLD MALET, Col.

PASSES TO THE LONDON PARKS (11 S. ix. 229, 278).—The passes MR. JERNINGHAM has are probably carriage passes, usually oval, drilled, and worn by the privileged coachman tied to a lapel or button of his coat. I have seen several examples admitting the owners to Constitution Hill, but I am not familiar with any for Hyde Park.

definite account of the introduction of saffron into England. Hakluyt said :—

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"It is reported at Saffron Walden that a pilgrim, proposing to do good to his country, stole a bulb of saffron and hid the same in his palmer's staff, which he had made hollow before on purpose, and so he brought this root into this realm with venture of his life; for if he had been taken, by the law of the country from whence it came, he had died for the fact."-Hakluyt, vol. ii. p. 164.

In a Compositio de Decenis entered into by the Abbot and Vicar of Walden in 1444 saffron is mentioned as a titheable commodity, and it is reasonable to assume the saffron culture was well established by this date. It appears that hogs had wandered on to the saffron beds and damaged them in 1518, for the owners of the hogs were prosecuted at a court held for the manor in that year.

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Holinshed in the Third Book of his 'Chronicles,' chap. xiv., gives an account of English saffron. After describing its culture, uses, &c., he says:

"There groweth some Saffron in many places of Almaine, and also about Vienna in Austria, whych later is taken for ye best that springeth in other quarter. In steade of thys also some doe use the Carthamus (called amongst us bastarde Saffron) but neyther this is of any value, nor the other in any wise comparable unto ours, whereof let this suffice as of a commoditye brought into this Ilande not long before the time of Edward the third, and not commonly planted until Richard ye second did raign. It would grow very well as I take it about Chiltern hilles, and in all the vale of the whyte horse."

Hakluyt's account was the basis of a pretty scene in the Saffron Walden Pageant held in May, 1910.

THOMAS WM. HUCK. 38 King's Road, Willesden Green, N.W.

COMMUNION TABLE BY GRINLING GIBBONS IN ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL (11 S. ix. 248).— The altar about which MR. HIBGAME inquires stands at the east end of the south aisle of the crypt. I have never known any other altar so nearly a square as this is. days when it stood under the east window the celebrant-who was the Dean or a canon

In the

stood at the north side, facing south, and two minor canons stood on the south side, facing north. One stepped out to

read the Epistle and went back again, and then the other came forward to read the Gospel. Thus both Epistle and Gospel were read from the south side; but this state of things came to an end when, early in 1872, the east end was curtained off and the altar

The contributor who referred to The Norman People' may have overlooked MR. A. S. ELLIS's warning that this book is not reliable (11 S. viii. 235). For a much longer and stronger denunciation of it, see Dr. Round's article in The Ancestor, ii. 165– brought forward. Before this, Canons Gre- 174. Probably PROF. WEEKLEY could exgory and Liddon had been taking the east-plain the origin of Shilleto. ward position, and this is now the rule for G. H. WHITE. all who celebrate at St. Paul's.

St. Paul's Cathedral.

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W. A. FROST.

the author of these two also.

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The press

St. Cross, Harleston, Norfolk.

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TYING LEGS AFTER DEATH: OTHER SIR R. L'ESTRANGE'S POEM THE LOYAL DEATH FOLKLORE (11 S. ix. 128, 196, 236). PRISONER (10 S. i. 250; 11 S. ix. 201, 256). My memory of customs connected with —I was in error in saying that Lloyd's was death comes from a Derbyshire village in the first version printed of this poem, and, which all the people were full of old fads indeed, was unaware that any bibliography and notions. The first time I was taken into of it had ever been attempted. According a death-chamber, as a frightened child, my to the Catalogue of the Thomason Tracts, parent told me that no dead body could do it appeared on 14 July, 1647, and was pub-harm, as the spirit had gone out of it. lished with the two poems, Upon His The body had just been "laid out," having Majesty's Coming to Holmby and the placed under the heels a big family Bible, Panegyrick upon the Parliament.' I should which I was told would remain there until be glad to know whether L'Estrange was folded on the breast, a spray of "box" in the body was stiffened." The hands were the fingers. Just above the folded hands was a green turf-a "sod," it was calledlaid on a white napkin, and on this was a saucer filled with salt, which, I was afterwards told, was to keep the body fresh. Round the chin was a white cloth tied in a knot on the top of the head, and the “layingout woman was in the act of laying twopenny pieces on the eyelids; but she could According to one of the Royalist Mer- not make them keep in position. This curies of 1648 (I think Dogmaticus or frightened me most of all, for the right eye Aulicus, written by S. Sheppard), Lovelace seemed to be glaring at me; and the woman was amongst those imprisoned in "Peter- said to the rest in the room: 'Hey's lowkin' as suspected of a share in the Kent fer th' next un." And again I was told that rising. Later in the same year Elencti- if the eye would not close it was because cus stated that "Captain Lovelace " the dead man was waiting to see the next among the loyal residents in Gray's Inn who | one to die." had compelled his opponent "Britannicus (John Hall the poet) to shift his quarters, or, as Elencticus put it, "unkennelled the vermine." J. B. WILLIAMS.

mark for this tract is E 398 (12). According to the same Catalogue,' the verses Upon His Majesty's Coming to Holmby were published separately on 12 May, 1647 (press-mark 669, f. 11 [11]), as a broadside. The verses must have been composed therefore prior to these dates, and when L'Estrange was in prison for his attempt to rescue Lynn.

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SHILLETO (11 S. ix. 71, 136, 212). The Robert "de Sigillo who witnessed the charter of Hugh de Laval to Pontefract would probably be Robert of the Seal (Keeper of the Great Seal under the Chancellor), afterwards Bishop of London. In the latter part of Henry I.'s reign he witnessed many charters as "Robertus de Sigillo." Should the date assigned to the Pontefract charter, printed as 1621, read 1121 or 1126 ?* The latter date would be more probable for an attestation by Robert. [* Vide Corrigendum, p. 260.]

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On the day of burial a table was set outside the cottage door, on which were set a bow! of box and yew sprays, a plateful of bread (each slice cut in four), half a cheese, a plateful of plum cake, a bottle of home-made wine, a large jug of beer, and various glasses and wineglasses-most of the latter, as well as the white table-cover, having been lent by my mother. When the funeral folk assembled about the door, having been bidden by the "laying-out woman," the bowl of box and yew sprays was offered round, and each person took a piece. Then a tray of funeral cakes was brought out of the house in packets. Each packet contained two cakes wrapped in white paper, on which was printed a suitable verse of poetry. Each guest, including also the

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bearers, was presented with a packet. When this part of the ceremony was over, the table was cleared and the coffin brought out of the house and laid upon it-open, so that friends might take the "last look." The funeral man (undertaker) then closed and screwed down the lid, produced from a large box a number of weepers and scarves with which he decked the relations as mourners, and arranged the procession to As a rule, there were two sets of bearers," for the churches were distant, and all village folk had to walk. After the service each person stepped to the graveside for a last look (a formal matter not to be omitted), and the sprigs of box and yew were dropped on to the coffin. party, with the parson (if he was willing),

the grave.

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The whole

then returned to take tea in the house.

Whilst they were away all the death-tokens had been removed, the windows set open, and the pictures, looking - glasses, and furniture stripped of the white cloths with which they had been covered from the time of laying out to the departure of the body:

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The talk at the tea-table was of the dead and others who had predeceased him, and the room was a gossips'-rally until the eatables and drinkables were consumed and the company dispersed. In the arrangements there were many variations according to the age, sex, and station of the dead. THOS. RATCLIFFE.

Worksop.

AYLOFFE (11 S. ix. 191, 252). In the beginning of the reign of King Henry VI. we find John Ayloffe seated at Hornchurch, Essex. A granddaughter of this John Ayloffe, by her marriage with Sir John Bruges, Lord Mayor of London 13 Henry VIII., became ancestress of the Dukes of Chandos and Dorset. William, the grandson of John Ayloffe, succeeded to the estates belonging to his father and grandfather at Hornchurch and Sudbury, Suffolk, and added thereto other property within the lordship of Havering-atte-Bower and at Great Braxted, both in Essex. The Ayloffes were Royalist, and suffered accordingly sequestration, which compelled the owner, Sir Benjamin Ayloffe, Bart., to sell the Hornchurch estate; and it would seem that previously, about 1610, they had parted with the Braxted estate, which, after being possessed by several owners, is now in the Du Cane family. The family of Ayloffe, though they held estates, in addition to those previously mentioned, in the parishes of Finchingfield, Dagenham, Stanford Rivers,

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ARTHUR OWEN OF JOHNSTON, CO. PEMBROKE (11 S. ix. 250).-John Owen, s. Arthur of Johnstone, arm., Jesus Coll., Oxon, matric. 28 June, 1662, aged 17; student of Lincoln's Inn, 1664 (his father of Orielton), M.P. co. Pembroke, November, 1678-January, 1678/9.

Sir William Owen, s. Arthur of Llansillin, co. Denbigh, Bt. New Coll. matric. 16 June, 1713, aged 16; 4th Bt. 1753; M.P. Pembroke November, 1722-47, Pembrokeshire 1747-61, Pembroke 1761-74; died 7 May,

1781; brother of next.

Arthur Owen, s. Arthur of Mounton, co. Pembroke, Bt. Oriel Coll. matric. 4 July, 1718, aged 17; of the Orielton family.

John Owen, s. Arthur of Llansillin, Bt. Oriel Coll. matric. 10 Nov., 1715, aged 17; lieut.-general in the army; died January,

1776.

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A. R. BAYLEY.

AN EARLY MAP OF IRELAND (11 S. ix. 208, 254, 273).—I should think the map described by MR. Dow is from a large folio volume entitled Maps of the Counties of England and Wales....and General Maps of Scotland and Ireland, by Robert Morden." This work is in the British Museum, and is dated c. 1680. Robert Morden was a geographer, and commenced business as a mapand globe - maker in London in 1668. astronomical, navigation, and geographical maps were of considerable merit, and his county maps are much sought after by collectors. Morden died in 1703.

His

GEORGE F. BOSWORTH. Hillcote, Church Hill Road, Walthamstow.

THE TAYLOR SISTERS (11 S. ix. 225).— Might I venture to ask under this heading where Ann Taylor is buried? I shall be very glad if any kind reader will supply me with a copy of the inscription over her grave. She died, I believe, in 1866. I may say I have visited Ongar and copied all the inscriptions referring to the Taylor family in the Independent Chapel there. Taylor's remains rest beside those of her father and mother in ground now covered by the vestry. The gravestones can be seen by raising a trap-door in the floor. died 13 April, 1824, in her 40th year. JOHN T. PAGE.

Long Itchington, Warwickshire.

Jane

She

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