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is flanked by a lofty wall on one side towards
the goals. I have seen it practised in Siena,
and played in a place called the "Sferisterio
at Rome.

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T. A. Trollope in his 'What I Remember' was much puzzled by the use of the above term-easily explainable.

I understand that a similar game is much played by the Peruvian Indians, and spreads through the South American republics of Spanish origin. WILLIAM MERCER.

that he owed servile customs, &c. (Cartulary of the Monastery of Ramsey,' bk. i. p. 425). And in the year 1315 William Hadeshaw, Hamo Mundi, and John de Flore held 1 knights' fees in Great and Little Walsingham and Berston (Norfolk), of the honour and castle of Clare (Inquisition taken on the death of Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, 8 Edw. II.). Three hundred years later the name appeared at St. John's Stiffkey, Norfolk. In the Hundred Roll of Edward I. a Henry Mundi, son of Simon Mundi, was living at Barnwell by Cambridge; his grandfather was named Ralph, who had not apparently adopted a surname. And in the year 1307 William Mundy and his wife Amicia, in consideration of ten silver marks, granted to John of Cambridge 31 acres of land in Cambridge (Feet of Fines, Cambridge, 35 Edward I.). From these last probably de- Life and Trial of Eugene Aram. By Eric R. scended Mundys afterwards living at Hitchin MONEDÉE. and at High Wycombe.

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SAMBEL (SUMBEL): WELLS (11 S. viii. 408, 476). One of Mrs. Wells's escapades is narrated in Fanny Burney's Diary under the date 22 June, 1792. M. H. DODds.

THOMAS BURBIDGE AND OTHER POETS (11 S. viii. 428, 470).-The following is from the Sedbergh School Register, 1546-1909': "Shirt, Theodore, entered August, 1825, age 17; born at Stourbridge; left December, 1827; St. John's Coll., Cambridge; migrated thence to St. Peter's and Christ's Coll.; B.A., Sen. Opt., 1832; M.A. 1835. Curate of Sherborne, Warwickshire; of Rainhill, near Prescot. Afterwards lived at Leamington with no fixed Cure. Died c. 1886." C. W. RUSTON-HARRISON.

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[PROF. G. C. MOORE SMITH refers the querist to the N.E.D., 8. Balloon,' where one or twosixteenth- and seventeenth-century quotations concerning the game will be found.].

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Notes on Books.

Watson, LL.B. (Hodge & Co.)

BULWER, in his Preface to the 1840 edition of
Eugene Aram,' says that this trial, "take it
altogether, is, perhaps, the most remarkable
in the register of English crime," and he describes
Eugene Aram" as a person who, till the detection
of the crime for which he was sentenced,'
of the mildest character, and most unexcep-
tionable morals." He further adds that "his guilt
or innocence was the matter of strong contest";
and in the Preface to the edition of 1851 says:-

was

"On going with maturer judgment over all the evidence on which Aram was condemned, I have convinced myself, that though an accomplice in the robbery of Clarke, he was free both from the premeditated design and the actual deed of murder."

Bulwer's novel Eugene Aram,' which was: published in 1831, went through twenty English editions. Mr. Watson was therefore well advised in including this trial in the "Notable English Trials Series."

The trial of Eugene Aram took place at York on 3 Aug., 1759, and he was hanged on 6 Aug. and gibbeted on 7 Aug., and until Bulwer's novel appeared no one for many years had seriously called in question the justice of the sentence.

Mr. Watson has had great difficulties to contend with, as there is no full report of the The opening speech for the Crown by Mr. Fletcher Norton, K.C., trial anywhere to be found. has not been preserved, and although we can form an opinion on the evidence he relied upon as confirming the evidence of the approver Houseman, we should like now to see the exact way in which the counsel for the Crown shaped Again, we have no full report of the his case. summing up of the judge, Mr. Justice Noel, who has been, as we think. most unfairly attacked. Mr. Watson states truly that "all contemporary reports, in vehement contrast to later writers, attest Noel's impartiality. judge's summing up to the jury in the most fair and candid manner,' observes the York Pamphlet [published in August, 1759], they, after a very short consultation, brought him in guilty of murder.'

6 On the

We cannot consider that Bulwer's opinion and that of the unnamed lawyers he refers to (formed seventy-two years after the trial) are of much value, as we do not know what materials they had before them when they formed their opinion on the case.

Mr. Watson has given in Appendix I. a list of the Original Documents in the Record Office in the matter of R. v. Aram, Houseman, and Terry," and in Appendix II. "Extracts from the Contemporary Press, 1744-5 [the date of the murder] to 1759," and we cannot speak too highly of his industry and research. Having carefully read this book, we are satisfied that Mr. Watson has covered the whole ground, and that it is impossible to add to the materials

which he has with so much labour collected.

We may state at once that we concur entirely in the conclusion to which Mr. Watson has come, namely, that Eugene Aram was fairly tried according to the law as it existed in 1759, that the evidence clearly established his guilt, and that it is idle for any one now to say that he was innocent of the murder.

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In 1744 there lived at Knaresborough Eugene Aram and Richard Houseman. Houseman was a flax-dresser, described as a big, broad-shouldered, square man. They were about forty years of age. There also lived there Daniel Clark, a shoemaker, about twenty-three years of age, who was a "thin, pale-looking man, and was about 5 ft. 6 in. or 5ft. 8 in. high. Clark was generally deemed to be a person who had obtained a considerable quantity of plate and jewellery from various tradespeople dishonestly, and he was also in possession of a large sum of money. These three persons were intimate friends. Clark left Aram's house with Aram and Houseman, and a strange man, about 11 P.M. on the night of 7 Feb., 1744/5. Tuton or Tutin, a mason, saw Clark join Aram and Houseman about 2 or 3 A.M. on the morning of 8 Feb., when he lost sight of them. These three persons Aram, Houseman, and Clark-went to a cave, known as 'St. Robert's Cave,' a little way out of Knaresborough. At that cave Clark was robbed and murdered, his clothes were taken away and destroyed to prevent the identification of the body in case it should be found, and there the body remained buried until August, 1758.

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On 8 Feb., when Clark was missing, every effort .was made to trace him, but in vain. Aram, who had been in needy circumstances before the murder, was after the murder in possession of a considerable sum of money-about 1057.-and part of Clark's property was found buried in his garden.

A skeleton was dug up near Knaresborough in August, 1758, and it was at once assumed that it was Clark's skeleton. A coroner's inquest was held, and the jury so found. Houseman, however, appears to have imprudently stated, when requested to take up one of the bones: This is no more Dan Clark's bone than it is mine."

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On 15 or 16 Aug. Houseman said something which led to the belief that the body of Clark might be found in St. Robert's Cave, and on 17 Aug. search was made, and it was there found. He was arrested for the murder, and Aram was subsequently arrested at Lynn, in Norfolk, where he was an usher in a school. His wife and children remained at Knaresborough, where he had left them without means of support. A

fresh inquest was held on Clark's body, and a verdict of wilful murder returned against Houseman and Aram. Aram on his arrest at first asserted that he did not know Knaresborough,. and that he did not know Clark, but he afterwards admitted that these were lies. Still, many innocent men lie on being arrested.

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Mr. Watson points out that Aram's own admission brings him to the cave on the fatal. night. He can't tell what to say, whether Clark was murdered or not" (a singular frame of mind), only he was told that Clark had gone off.

The trial of Eugene Aram, Houseman, and' Terry (the third was also in custody, charged with the murder) ought to have taken place in theordinary course at the Spring Assizes of 1759, but at the instance of the Crown the trial waspostponed to the next assizes, to be held in August. In June Houseman, in order to save his neck, offered to give evidence against Aram, which offer was accepted by the Crown, and thefollowing is what took place at the cave, according to his statement to the magistrate :

near

Aram and Daniel Clark] to a place called Saint "He [Houseman] went with them [EugeneRobert's Cave, Grimble Bridge, where Aram and Clark stopt a little, and in their way thither stopt a while at the Grimble Bridge, and there he saw Aram stricke him several times over the breast and head, saw him fall as if he was dead, and he, this examinant, came away and left them together, but wether [sic] Aram used any weapon or not to kill him with he can't tell, nor does he know what he did with the body afterwards, but believes Aram left it at the cave's mouth, for this examinant seeing Aram do this, to which he declares he was in no way abetting or privy to, nor knew of his design to kill him at all; [then ?] did this examinant make the best of his way from him least [sic] he might share the same fate, and got to the Bridgeend, and then lookt back, and saw him coming from the cave side, which is in a private rock adjoining the river, and he could discern somebundle in his hand, but does not know what it was: On which this informant [sic] made the best of his way to the town without joining Aram again or seeing him again till next day, and from that time till this he never had any private discourse with him."

At the Assizes in August no evidence was. offered against Houseman, and he was acquitted, and he thereupon gave his evidence against Aram. Again, to quote from Mr. Watson's book, " we have no very full account of the flaxdresser's [Houseman's] evidence, but of the manner in which he gave it there is a most completeconcurrence of contemporary opinion." "Houseman's evidence, says the press of that day, was delivered with all the anxiety, diffidence, and embarrassment of conscious guilt, solicitous. to accuse the partner of his iniquity no farther than consisted with keeping the curtain drawn between the Court and him.”

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Clark's skull was produced in court, so that the jury could see the fracture at the back of it.. Aram's defence, which he had nearly a year to prepare, comes to nothing, if Houseman was believed by the jury, nearly the whole of it consisting of a number of instances where skeletonshave been found in strange places, and in which there was no suggestion of foul play, and he

further suggested that the body dug up at the cave may not have been Clark's body.

The editor of The Annual Register' for 1759, which was published early in the following year, gives an account of the trial, and says Aram's sentence was a just one,' and in that opinion all persons who carefully study Mr. Watson's book will, we firmly believe, agree. We place no reliance on the supposed confession after his conviction.

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The book contains two portraits of Eugene Aram and a photograph of the cave. There is also a photograph of the transcript of the second examination of Aram in the Record Office, showing numerous alterations in it while he was under examination by the magistrate. There is also a photograph of part of the left parietal bone of Clark, showing the fracture, which was evidently caused by a blow from some blunt instrument.

We wish we had space to quote as a specimen of Mr. Watson's critical acumen his exposure, on p. 4 of his book, of the gross and absurd blunders of some previous writers. We think it fair to give him the highest praise for the way in which he has dealt with this difficult subject, and he frankly acknowledges the help he has received from various correspondents of ' N. & Q.,' without whose "assistance this monograph would not have been undertaken."

Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 1914. (Harrison & Sons.)

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Baroness Furnivall, carried the Barony by marriage in 1406 to the Talbot family. The Barony of Latymer, created in 1431, had been, since the death of the fourth Lord Latymer in 1577, in abeyance, which was terminated by the summoning to Parlia ment of Francis Burdett Thomas Money-Coutts, one of the coheirs, now Lord Latymer. "The title must not be confused with that of the earlier barony of Latimer created in 1299, which passed from the Latimer family through the Nevills to the Willoughbys, and is now vested apparently in Lord Willoughby de Broke."

We find Burke' handy of reference, as one is able at once to establish the exact relationship between members of the same families. Then there is the unique feature of indicating, by an ingenious system of numbering, the exact rank or precedence of every one, titled or untitled; while the full genealogical account of the families treated of is most valuable.

Notices to Correspondents.

ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

EDITORIAL Communications should be addressed

to "The Editor of Notes and Queries'"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publishers" at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.

To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rules. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. When answer

MR. ASHWORTH P. BURKE, who edits Burke' jointly with Sir Bernard, opens his preface by noting a curious coincidence which forms historical record: "The senior coheir general of the Royal Stuarts, Maria Theresa, Queen Consort of Ludwig III., ascended the throne of Bavaria in the same week that Prince Ernest Augustus, only surviving son of the Duke of Cumberland, heiring queries, or making notes with regard to previous male of our sovereigns of the house of Guelph, became Reigning Duke of Brunswick, having by a happy marriage with the German Emperor's daughter ended a long-standing feud."

The few Peerages created during the year have been mainly in connexion with judicial changes. The Lord Chief Justice was created Viscount Alverstone on his retirement; Mr. Justice Parker was appointed a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, and a Peer for life as Lord Parker of Waddington; and Lord Justice Hamilton was appointed a Lord of Appeal, and a Peer for life as Lord Sumner. Lord Dunedin was also appointed a Lord of Appeal, but, as he was already a Peer, the appointment did not entail a new creation. Besides these, the new peers include Sir George Kemp, created, Lord Rochdale and Sir George Clarke, expert in military organizations, sometime Governor of Victoria, and afterwards of Bengal, created Lord Sydenham of Combe. But perhaps of more interest has been the restoration of two ancient Peerage titles. The senior of these, the Barony of Furnivall, created in 1295, was merged for nearly two centuries in the Earldom of Shrewsbury, and afterwards, for another century, in the Dukedom of Norfolk, until it fell into abeyance at the death of the ninth Duke in 1777. The abeyance has been terminated by the Crown in favour of one of the coheirs, the only child of the late Lord Petre. This young lady, now Baroness Furnivall, is the first to be known by that title since Maud Nevill, in her own right

entries in the paper, contributors are requested to
put in parentheses, immediately after the exact
heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to
which they refer. Correspondents who repeat
queries are requested to head the second com-
munication "Duplicate."

MAJOR LESLIE and NANKING.-Forwarded.
MR. ST. CLAIR BADDELEY.-Forwarded to DR.
KRUEGER.

SIR WILLIAM BULL and MR. ALECK ABRAHAMS.
-Received. Many thanks.

MR. T. HAYLER (11 S. viii. 488). MR. ARKIE writes that George Melly of Liverpool died 27 Sept.,

1894.

MR. CLEMENT SHORTER writes to say that, though he has now found the biographies of John Chapman in the 'D.N.B.' and in Boase's Modern English Biography,' Supplement, vol. i., he would be glad of any additional information.

ERRATUM. We regret that the correspondent who furnished us at 11 S. viii. 480 with the obituary notice of Ambrose Heal was in error in stating that Mr. F. W. Avant had been entrusted with the transfer and arrangement of Ambrose Heal's collections at the St. Pancras Public Library. We now learn that this work is in the hands of Mr. George Potter.

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CORRIGENDUM. MR. ROLAND AUSTIN writes: "I S. viii. 483, col. 2, 1. 3, for Weedon' read Weldon."

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NOTES:-Adjectives from French Place Names, 21-in topographical literature, local journals,
Robert Baron, Author of Mirza, 22-Irish Family
Histories, 24-Sir Christopher and Sir William Perkins-
Emerson in England-“Lunkard," 25-London Nursery-
Grounds-Chapel Royal, St. James's-"Relict"-Sur-
viving Husband, 26.

QUERIES:

Of course, many such forms occur chiefly and provincial biographical repertoria; some are entered under the place-name itself in Larousse. A great number would appear, nevertheless, to have a more vigorous existence than one would suppose is the lot of such a term as Mancunian," if not of Glaswegian."

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Sir John Steuart, Bart., 26-"Trod," "Trode," Past Tense of "Tread" - Trilby - Micah, Admonition, Argent, as Female Names-King's Lynn as a Spa, 27-John Thurtell's Family: "Widows' men,' "Dead men's cloathes "-The Iden Brass at PenshurstGeorge Cotterell, Banker, Naples-Mediæval Bell-Over Here are a few arrageois (Arras), blésois Kennett, Lancashire, 28-Harriet Wilkes: Mrs. Rough (Blois), briochois (Saint-Brieuc), quercynois Ways of being Lost: Hindu Reference Sought-Curious Names on a Coffin Plate-Parishes in Two or More (Le Quercy), graylois (Gray), biterrois (BéCounties Dover seen from Calais - Prior Family of ziers), dôlois (Dôle), sammiellois (SaintTewkesbury - Cromwell's Illegitimate Daughter, Mrs. Hartop: Thomas Philpot-Moule, 29-"Rawhead" and Mihiel), stéphanois (Saint-Étienne). Is a "Bloody-Bones"-Biographical Information Wanted-native of one of the numerous Saint-Sulpice Marsack-Brutton, 30. villages adjectivally one with the sons of REPLIES:- Pirates: Capt. Woodes Rogers, 30-The the erstwhile famous seminary? What is Wearing of Swords-Groom of the Stole-Glasgow Cross and Defoe's 'Tour'-John Strout (Stroude), DevonPepys Query, 32-Norborne-Dramatic Criticism-Moira Jewel, 33-"The honours three "-Burlesques of Mystery Plays-Uncollected Kipling Items, 34-Upright Stones in Open Churchyards, 35 Thomas Hudson, Portrait Painter-Man is immortal till his work is done," 36The Legend of St. Christopher: Painting at Ampthill Dr. W. Dick Military: Coloured Print Wanted Musarum Deliciæ,' 37-Heart Burial in Niches in Church Walls-Spong-Matthew Parker's OrdinationGovernor Walker, 38-Aphra Behn's Comedies, 39. NOTES ON BOOKS-Samplers and Tapestry Em broideries'-Reviews and Magazines.

Booksellers' Catalogues.
Notices to Correspondents.

Notes.

ADJECTIVES FROM FRENCH PLACE

NAMES.

"BIZONTINS (c'est ainsi que s'appellent les habitants de Besançon)," quoth not so long ago a correspondent of L'Intermédiaire, the French N. & Q.' If it be not absurd for a Frenchman to remind others of a curiosity of their language, one may, perhaps, be excused for laying before readers of N. & Q.' a few such adjectival forms collected during several months' gleaning among the antiquarian and bibliographical journals of our neighbours across Channel,

Quite well known are albigeois, angevin, artésien, bordelais, bourguignon, breton, chartrain, gascon, limousin, marseillais, normand, poitevin, provençal, rémois, &c., but others there are which one may suppose not all Frenchmen can have met with. One would hardly doubt the correct

an inhabitant of Dol-de-Bretagne ?
Franche-Comté

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gives "franc-comtois and "comtois "; the Comtat-Venaissin, comtadin." I have found "sévrois (Sèvres) and “vivarois" (Viviers).

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Ending in ien: calésien, languédocien, and angoumoisien, from provinces; there may also be mentioned morlaisien (Morlaix), cadurcien (Cahors: why not "caoursin" ?), petrocorien (Périgueux), cotentin (Cou tances and Le Cotentin), melgorien (Melgueil), vellavien (Le Velay), ternésien (Ternois), and savoisien. Montpelliérain is clumsy, but correct. According to Littré, Foix gives foxien," but one may find fuxéen in the antiquarian journal of the Ariége. A native of Auch is auscitain."

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It is peculiar that a man of Bourges should be "berruyer," whilst he of Berry is "berrichon." Beauceron (Le Beauce), percheron (Le Perche), and sainton (Saintes) are, perhaps, more familiar.

In ais are sénonais (Sens), montalbanais (Montauban), ossalais (Ossau), mortainais (Mortagne), and gévaudanais (Le Gévaudan). In eau manceau (Le Mans), tourangeau (Tours and La Touraine).

In at rouergat (Le Rouergue) follows the well-known " auvergnat." Messin is from Metz; brestois from Brest ; but bressan from Bresse.

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Probably the French place-names of of Cockeram's Dictionarie,' as well as by Belgium yield some interesting adjectival the introduction of scraps of French, which forms: a man of Roulers is "rollarien." lead one to think that Baron had reached Readers of N. & Q.' will, no doubt, be France some time before his book was able to add to the above, which, with finished. We know that he was at Paris a turquenois (Tourcoing) and "vervié-month or two later, and the following tois" exhaust the writer's notebook. It is passage (part i. p. 7) suggests a first-hand something to come across such forms as knowledge of Paris and its environs :— "briochois' or "fuxéen" in cold print; the more so if actually used, and not merely preserved in a dictionary or word-museum. I note the recent publication of " Essai historique sur Tréguier, par un Trécorrois." SICILE.

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FROM the names alone previously given one might have surmised that Baron had come from Norwich. Do the names also indicate that he had not yet definitely joined either political camp, but counted his friends in both? The only indication of political opinions which I have noticed in The Cyprian Academy' shows the author as rather a Royalist than a Parliamentarian. Flaminius, after landing at Dover, admired the beauty of the island,

"which was then fluorishing, enioying a wel setled and a happy peace under an unusurped Governement "Cyp. Acad.,' Part II. p. 2.

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Sidney's Arcadia on an imitative boy. Its language, however, while it has many touches of old-fashioned euphuism, is distinguished by a recourse to the most absurd Latin expressions,† which suggests a study

'Biogr. History,' sub 'Baron, R.'

+ Take, for example:

"He resided in the Metropolitan City Paris, till Cynthia had 6. times repaired her wained hornes; then Paris the durty Theater of all Nations, being plagued with an almost generall infection, or invalitude, Flaminius with his cousin German, the Duke of Luynes, (the powerfull Favourite of the crown of France,) retired to his Tusculanium [sic] at Poysey, a prety gentle place, scituated upon the River Sequana, some 15. miles distant from Paris, at the foot of the great Forrest of St. German ......the French King at this time had his residence at his standing house within a mile of Possy [=Poissy]."

Perhaps Baron had himself been driven from the unhealthy conditions of Paris to a retreat at Poissy.

'The Cyprian Academy' is chiefly notorious, however, for its plagiarisms from Milton's Minor Poems' of 1645, which were first exposed in print by Warton, and were given still more fully (as the 'D.N.B.' says) in the booksellers' edition of Milton of 1801, vol. vi. pp. 401-8. Mr. Knight, who considers successful plagiarism to be Baron's chief title to distinction, would have done well to remember, as Langbaine did, that The Cyprian Academy' was the work of a boy of 17. He seems to me to credit Baron also with a cunning which he did not possess when he says that "with so much judgment did he steal that his thefts passed unrecognized for more than a century after his death." What is really striking is the insouciance with which he steals, not merely from Milton, but from Shakespeare, Suckling, Lovelace, Carew, and others. Milton at the moment may have been the least known, but no reader of the time could have failed to notice the bold borrowings from other poets. Langbaine himself had detected obligations to Waller and to Webster's Duchess of Malfy': "excusable," he says, "only on the account of the Author's Youth."

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A Miltonic reminiscence which has not been noticed occurs at part ii. p. 32, a

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Now, now we Symbolize in egritude [we are sick promentory or starry pointed Piramid" alike].-I. 34.

let their coynesse set an edge on us And cuspidat our animosities [sharpen our courage].Sol. p. 20,

-1.52.

Great Troy-novant polyanthropical [populous
London].-II. 3.

A sleeke stone to repumicate her linnen.-I. 11.
Our Rustick immorigerous roomes.-Ibid.

('Ep. on Shakespeare'); another at part i.
Music,' line 7). Suckling's 'Ballad
"from 's Saphire colour'd throne
of a Wedding-Day' has led to two lines
(part iii. p. 72) :-

Her round small feet beneath her roab doe run
Now out, now in, as if they feard the sun.

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