cation and melody of diction, and embodies his thoughts in the most musical, condensed, and enduring forms. He has at the same time the art to conceal art. Few English poets have given to their verse so much of that charm which seems independent of the thought, and to lie in the grace and appropriateness of the structure. At Farringford in the Isle of Wight, Tennyson has resided for many years, amid green undulating woodland, thick with apple-trees, and fringed with silver sand and rocks, on which the lightgreen summer sea and the black waves of winter flow with the changeful music of the seasons. Here in his quiet home he sees little society except that of a few chosen friends.

From the May Queen, p. 53.
Bugle Song, p. 60.
Welcome to Alexandra, p. 63.
Ring out, wild Bells, p. 117.

Charge of Light Brigade, p. 458. Independence on Fortune, p. 484. THACKERAY, WM. MAKEPEACE, novelist and essayist, was the son of a clergyman, and born in Calcutta in 1811. He studied at the university of Cambridge, in England, but left without taking a degree. His novel of "Vanity Fair," published in 1846, was the first work by which he rose to any great distinction, though he had previously written a number of satirical works for the Magazines. In 1855 he visited the United States, and delivered in the principal cities a series of lectures on the English humorists. One of his best novels, "The Newcomes." appeared in 1855, after his return to England. During his editorship of the London" Cornhill Magazine he wrote a series of articles under the title of "Roundabout Papers," which were deservedly popular. Thackeray had, during his life, his full share of abuse; but he manfully lived, or rather wrote it down. He died quite suddenly, in 1863. A Plea for Dunces, p. 74. Irving and Macaulay, p. 351. THEATRE or THEATER. THEREFORE (ther fore or thare'fore; the former is the preferred mode). THOMSON, JAMES, author of "The Seasons," a poem, was born in 1700, at Ednam, in Roxburgshire, England, where his father was a clergy

- man.

James studied for several years at the University of Edinburgh, removed to London in 1726, and in 1730 published the whole of his celebrated poem, parts of which had previously appeared. It was remarkably successful. The style is in some parts pompous and inflated, but the closeness with which he has observed external nature has seldom been surpassed; and the poetic intuition with which he apprehends the features of a landscape, and the moral associations which clothe it with the finest part of its beauty, is keen and unerring. Thomson wrote tragedies, but they are now forgotten. His "Castle of Indolence," however, is a noble specimen of poetic art. It is Thomson's greatest poem, and on it he lavished the wealth of his ripened genius. Living in a cottage at Kew, the poet caught cold in sailing up the Thames, and died of fever in 1748. He was a friendly, shy, and indolent man.

Hymn of the Seasons, p. 331. THRALLDOM or THRALDOM. TI'ARA (tī-air'a).

TIN'CHEL, a circle of sportsmen, who, by surrounding a great space, and gradually narrowing, brought immense quantities of deer together. TINY (ti'ny or tin'y). To (generally pronounced too, the oo rather short).

TOBIN, JOHN, an English dramatist, born at Salisbury, England, 1770, died 1804. He wrote the " HoneyMoon," from which see an extract, p. 73. TOCQUEVILLE, ALEXIS DE (tok'vil), a distinguished French statesman and writer, author of "Democracy in America," was born at Verneuil in France, July 29, 1805, died 1859. See an eloquent account of his life by his friend Beaumont, p. 132. Quotations from De Tocqueville, pp. 337, 338.

Democracy adverse to Socialism,

p. 299.

An American Wilderness, p. 358. TORTOISE (tor'tiz or tōr'tis). TOWARD or TOWARDS, prep. (to'urd or to'urdz).

TOWARD, adj. (to'wurd). TOULMAIN, DR., an English scientific writer; quoted, p. 469. TRANSVERSE, adj. (trans-vers'), running or passing in a cross direction. TRANSITION (tran-sizh'un).

TRAVELER or TRAVELLER. TRITON, in mythology, a marine demi-god, half man, half fish, the fabled trumpeter of Neptune. TRO-CHEE (tro'ke), a certain metrical foot; in English an accented and an unaccented syllable. TROPHY (tro'fy).

TULLY, the Anglicized name of Tullius, and a name by which Cicero (Marcus Tullius) is often called. TYROL (tir'rol or te-ròl').

UNION (yoon'yun).

This word is from the Latin unio, oneness, which

is from unus, one.

UPPER BENJAMIN, the obsolete name of a sort of overcoat.

VALOR. This word is from the Latin valle-o, to be strong.

VANE, SIR HENRY, was born in Hadlow, in Kent, England, in 1612. After the restoration of that royal profligate, Charles II., Vane was condemned for treason, and beheaded on Tower Hill, June 14, 1662. He had been governor of Massachusetts in 1635. He was a zealous republican, a man of sincere religious convictions, and courageously opposed to the usurpations of Cromwell. Honor to his memory! VAUNT (vawnt or vänt). VEHEMENT (Ve'he-ment). VERMEIL (ver'mil).

VERRES (věr'rēz). See Cicero's speech, p. 456.

VINCENT, CHARLES, a French songwriter, was born at Fontainebleau, April 15, 1826. He has published numerous poems and songs, which have been popular. See p. 95. VIRGIL (Publius Virgilius Maro), the great epic poet of the Romans, was born near Mantua, in Italy, B. C. 70, and died B. C. 19. The Æneid is the work by which he won his principal fame.

VIRGINIA, the beautiful daughter of Lucius Virginius, a brave centurion

of ancient Rome. was seized as a slave, and awarded by Appius Claudius to his freedman Marcus. To save his daughter from dishonor, Virginius stabbed her, exclaiming, "There is no way but this to keep thee free." See Macaulay's ballad, P. 442.

VISOR (viz'or).

WALLACE, SIR WILLIAM, the national hero of Scotland, is supposed to have been born about the year 1270. He gained several battles over the English,but was inhumanly

executed in London, in 1305. See p. 166.

WAN (won, not wăn).

WAND (wond, not wănd, except sometimes in poetry). WANDERING JEW, THE, an imaginary personage, whose existence is derived from a legend, that when our Savior was on his way to execution, be rested on a stone before the house of a Jew, nained Ahasuerus, who drove him away with curses; whereupon Jesus replied, "Wander thou upon the earth till I return." The fable runs that the Jew, racked with remorse, has ever since been wandering over the earth.

WARE, HENRY, an American clergyman and writer, was born in Hingham, Massachusetts, 1794; died 1843. He became pastor of the Second Church in Boston in 1816. Some thirteen years afterward he accepted the professorship of pulpit eloquence in the Divinity School of Harvard University. His poetica! writings are at once vigorous and graceful in their style. WARRIOR (wŎr're-ur). WASHINGTON, GEORGE, the "first in war," as well as "in peace," among the Americans, was born February 22, 1732, near the banks of the Potomac, in the county of Westmoreland, Virginia. That he was diligent and studious in his youth his writings in mature years abundantly testified. He entered the military service of the colony in 1751; was in Braddock's expedition in 1755, and had two horses shot under him; was appointed commander-in-chief of the American army in 1775; was elected President of the Convention for forming the Constitution in 1787; was elected President of the United States in 1789, again in 1793, and died in 1799. For a further sketch of his career, see p. 107; also Webster's remarks, p. 197.

Counsels of Washington, p. 87. WEARY (wear'y).

WEBSTER, DANIEL, the great American lawyer, orator, and statesman, was born in Salisbury, New Hampshire, January 18, 1782; died at his residence in Marshfield, Massachusetts, October 24, 1852. His parents were poor; but he was enabled to enter Dartmouth College in 1797. He first practiced law in his native State, and was in Congress in 1812.

very generally abused and ridiculed by the critics. Still, many of his readers sympathized with his views, and through their encouragement, he was induced to publish, in 1807, two other volumes of poetry.

In

1814 was published his great work, "The Excursion." On its appearance, Jeffrey, the great Edinburgh critic, wrote of it, "This will never do."

And yet it has been doing ever since, more and more every year. Coleridge describes it as being characterized by "an austere purity of language, both graminatically and logically."

In 1813 Wordsworth removed to Rydal Mount, among the lakes of Cumberland, which was his home for the rest of his life. From him and his companions, Southey and Coleridge, who resided near him for a time, the Lake School of poetry derived its name. Originally applied in contempt, it gradually grew to be the recognized title of Wordsworth and his disciples Choosing the simplest forms of speech as the vehicle of their thoughts, the poets of this school took their subjects often from among the commonest things.

The chief remaining works of this great writer are "The White Doe of Rylstone"; "Ode on Immortality"; "Memorials of a Tour on the Continent"; "Yarrow Revisited, and other Poems"; and "The Prelude," a fragment of autobiography, describing the growth of a poet's mind, and which was not published till the author was dead. In the composition of sonnets, a poetic form of which he was remarkably fond, he has not been excelled by the finest of the old masters.

Before his death, Wordsworth, who on his appearance as a poet had been laughed at and abused by the leading critics, was not only acknowledged, and justly, to be

really the greatest English poet of his time, but was regarded with a reverence due to him as one of the purest and most blameless of the poets who have enriched and enlarged the domain of English literature. In his poetry the soul of man is made to animate nature, as, in the Platonic philosophy, the Deity was the innate spirit of the universe. Nature inhabits him, and he inhabits nature, with a reciprocity of life-giving influence. He has widened the glance of faith, and hope, and charity, and has given to the humblest daisy on the mountain-side " a voice" to bid the doubting sons of men be still."

In 1843, on the death of Southey, Wordsworth became poet-laureate. He died on the 23d of April, 1850, a few days after the completion of his 80th year.

From the Ode to Immortality, pp. 61, 62, 77.

The Sonnet, p. 122.

The Happy Warrior, p. 170.
Ode to Duty, p. 405.

WOUND (woond or wownd).
WRACK, synonymous with wreck, and
an ancient form of that word; also,
a kind of sea-weed.
Y-CLEPED (1-klėpt').
YEA (yā or yē).'
YEARN (yern).

YOUNG, EDWARD, a poet and clergyman, was born near Winchester, England, in 1684; died 1765. His poem of the "Night Thoughts," by which he is now chiefly known, was not completed till 1746, when he was 62 years old. It has many beauties and many defects. In its epigrammatic style, its frequent antitheses, and its perpetua! ingenuity of strained analogies, it often invites criticism; but no one can dispute the compressed power of the language, and the appropriateness and elevation of much of the thought.