miles to Prince George was through country which appears to be suitable for settlement and is already carrying a considerable number of settlers.

The line was comfortable to travel over, but as neither of us is an engineer, we are unable to express any opinion as to the state of the permanent way, or as to the cost of putting it in order or completing it between North Vancouver and Squamish and between Quesnel and Prince George. No part of the line seems at present to offer any considerable opportunities for British settlement.

Immigration Depot at Quebec.

On arriving in Quebec on the 17th of July, we were met by Mr. W. J. Egan, Deputy Minister of Immigration and Colonization, and Mr. W. R. Little, of the Immigration and Colonization Department, who most courteously travelled from Ottawa to meet us, and we were shown by them over the depot for the reception of immigrants. The immigrants per the "Empress of Scotland" had already been assembled in the Immigration Building when we arrived, i.e., within an hour of landing, and were seated awaiting the various inspections. Returning Canadians and Britishers were seated together, the foreign immigrants sitting separately, but close at hand in the same hall. We understand that the immigration authorities at Quebec are able to deal and actually have dealt with as many as 5,000 immigrants in a day.

One thoughtful arrangement which should be most helpful to all the immigrants is that in front of them as they wait is a collection of the tinned and other staple foods which they are likely to require on their journey through Canada, each marked with the price which should be paid for it. The prices on the collection which we saw were marked in English, but we understand that lists are put up in parts of the depot giving the same information in French, German, Polish, Scandinavian, Russian and Yiddish.

Before inspection the medical officer examines the bill of health, which is prepared by the ship's doctor, and contains a report of any mental or physical defects which have been noted. during the voyage, or a report of the serious illness of any passenger. The migrants pass before the medical officer, who stamps their landing cards, and they then pass before the civil examiner, who asks questions to determine whether they can comply with the provisions of the Immigration Act. In so far as British migrants are concerned, the qualifications are health, character, literacy, and prospect of employment. A migrant who is detained by the medical examiner may be held for observation or certified for any mental or physical defect, or contagious or infectious disease.

We inspected the detention quarters, used for persons who are detained for medical reasons or under suspicion of being prohibited immigrants. These quarters are satisfactory, the sleeping and lavatory accommodation being apparently thoroughly clean. British and foreign migrants are detained in separate quarters in the same building. Adjoining the detention quarters is an open-air enclosure where detained. persons take exercise. It overlooks the St. Lawrence and the city. It is enclosed in iron railings, and surrounded by barbed wire. Complaints have been made that it resembles a prison. It does so only to the extent that the liberty of those detained in it is necessarily restricted; but we do not consider that any reasonable exception can be taken to the detention quarters on these grounds. No immigrant detained during the season of 1926 has been detained whilst waiting for a return steamer for more than five or six days. Detentions in any case are infrequent.

Philanthropic Societies, Hostels, etc.

Whilst in Montreal, we visited the Boys' Hostel which is under the management of the British Immigration and Colonization Association. The Hostel is immediately opposite the Canadian Pacific Railway Station and seems suitable for its purpose. It is well known in Ontario and is instrumental in placing a considerable number of boys each season. This Association receives a subsidy from the Dominion Government, and it is proposed that it should also receive a subsidy from His Majesty's Government.

On the same day, we inspected the Women's Hostel, and discussed matters with Mrs. Anderson, the lady in charge. She informed us that several thousand women pass through the Hostel yearly. Positions are available for single women. proceeding to Canada for domestic service when they arrive in the Dominion, but they are not allocated to a particular situation until they are on the spot. They are allowed to remain at the Hostel until suitable situations have been assigned to them. The cheap passage rate is not given to women without experience, and there is no difficulty in placing experienced women, as the number of applications from would-be employers is always in excess of the number of applicants for employment. With the exception of French-Canadians, few Canadian girls undertake domestic service: if they need employment, they usually take up either nursing or stenography.

The wages for servants in the Dominion are, we were told, considerably larger than those paid in the United Kingdom. On the other hand, they are only about half as much as those paid in the United States.

At Montreal we also visited the headquarters of the Salvation Army, interviewing Brigadier E. J. Pinchen, who is in charge.

The Salvation Army deals with larger numbers of migrants from the United Kingdom than any other philanthropic society operating in the Dominion. Its work is chiefly connected with single women, boys and children; the number of single women brought into Canada by the Salvation Army in 1925 was 541, the number of boys 306, and the number of children 149.

Whilst in Toronto, we visited two hostels which are doing valuable work in affording accommodation to British settlers, and we also visited the headquarters of Dr. Barnardo's Homes.

A report on the system of child migration and settlement was presented to the Secretary of State by the Delegation of the Oversea Settlement Committee under the Chairmanship of Miss Margaret Bondfield, M.P., which visited Canada in 1924. In view of the report of that delegation, we felt it superfluous to make any further investigations on this subject. Reference was, however, made in the course of our discussions with the Department of Immigration and Colonization at Ottawa to the decision adopted, on the recommendation of Miss Bondfield's delegation, that Government assistance to children proceeding to Canada under the auspices of Child Migration Societies should be confined to children who have reached the schoolleaving age. We were informed that the decision to adopt this recommendation for a period of three years is warmly approved by the Welfare Institutions in Canada which are interested in the matter, and that the Dominion Authorities would be averse to a reopening of the question before the completion of the period of three years, i.e., about the beginning of 1928.

European Immigration, Sea Travel, etc.

On our outward journey, by the permission of the Captain of the "Empress of Scotland," we were enabled to inspect the whole of the ship, and especially the accommodation for the third-class passengers and immigrants.

The accommodation, food and general arrangements for the comfort and well-being of all classes of travel on the " Empress of Scotland" appear to be excellent.

The European port of departure of the "Empress of Scotland" and also the "Empress of France" is Hamburg, and these two vessels carry a considerable number of immigrants from Europe to Canada. We understand that two other Canadian Pacific Railway vessels make Antwerp their port of departure and bring over European immigrants, numbers of whom are also carried by other lines.

*Cmd. 2285.

The total number of third-class passengers and immigrants on board with us was 416, but there is accommodation for more than double this number. About forty were third-class tourist passengers either going on a temporary visit to Canada or returning from a temporary visit to England. About one hundred were new British settlers. The remainder were of foreign origin and included about one hundred and fifty Germans, fifty Russians (mostly Memnonites) and a few Czechoslovaks, Roumanians, Italians and foreign Jews.

The third-class accommodation is partly in the stern and partly in the bows of the ship. The foreigners were in the bows and the British third-class immigrants and third-class tourists in the stern. We talked with a number of British settlers and foreign immigrants. All with whom we spoke told us that they intended to work on the land in Canada.

Most of those who have gone out this year, under the Three Thousand Families Scheme, had left earlier in the season, and there was only one such family on board. The father of this family, a gardener by profession, had for some years been in the milk business in one of the south London suburbs.

Among the foreigners we spoke to several women, mostly Germans, who told us that they themselves intended to work as labourers on farms. These women are, no doubt, accustomed to such work and are in all probability experts at it, as there are many parts of Germany and Europe where a large part of the land work is performed by women. One German, evidently possessed of capital, stated that he was leaving Germany on account of the high taxation and the consequent difficulty in making farming pay. He hoped to buy a farm in Canada and then send for his family.

We understood that whilst most foreign immigrants bring with them some small sum in cash, which they either deposit with the purser on board ship or carry sewn in their clothes, few of them actually are able to pay outright for their passages.

For Germans the necessary advances are made by the Lutheran Immigration Board at Winnipeg, who employ selecting agents in Germany. Similar arrangements are made for the Memnonites by their own sect and by the Catholics for immigrants belonging to their faith.

We understand that the Dominion Immigration Statistics for 1926 are likely to show a preponderance of immigration from Europe over the combined immigration from Great Britain and the United States. The figures for the first seven months of 1926 are:-British settlers 33,142, immigrants from the United States 12,234, immigrants from other countries 41,104. We were told that the arrivals from Europe in August and

September were numerous, whilst the arrivals from Great Britain (as is usual at this season of the year) declined.

There are many Canadians, including many FrenchCanadians, who would prefer that Canada should be populated and ruled for all time by the two races, who side by side in friendly rivalry have developed the great settled districts of Quebec and Ontario, and whose struggles of two centuries ago form one of the most glorious pages of history. It is purely for Canadians to decide what nationalities shall be encouraged to enter their borders, and it should be noted that the encouragement offered to settlers from the United Kingdom is greater than that afforded to European immigrants, although the latter are born farm workers.

English Words: Differences of Meaning.

Practical difficulties in connection with British settlement are occasionally caused by the fact that some ordinary English words are used in different senses in the United Kingdom and in Canada.

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For instance, the phrase group settlement" is generally understood in Canada to mean "community settlement," that is, a settlement on which the settlers develop and farm a tract of land on a communal basis. In the United Kingdom, on the other hand," group settlement" implies a system under which groups of families connected by some bond of sympathy are settled under skilled supervision and intermingled with the existing population upon a suitable tract of land.

The term "Public School" in Canada bears a similar meaning to the term " Council or Board School " in the United Kingdom, i.e., it refers to the day schools maintained at the expense of the community where children are educated either free or for a nominal charge. Consequently the references which have been made in the United Kingdom to the question of the settlement in Canada of boys from our public schools have frequently been misunderstood.

The term "homestead" is understood by the majority of people in the United Kingdom to mean a developed farm with a small but comfortable house, the necessary outbuildings and suitable stock and equipment. In Canada the term " homestead" means land in its virgin state which is available for occupation either free or on easy terms.

Again, in the United Kingdom the word "home" conveys to the mind the idea of a house fully furnished and fully equipped for inhabitation. In Canada, on the other hand, the word means the actual structure itself. We would suggest