been some coolness between Addison and him. On Addison's appointment as Secretary, some one told him how pleased Rowe had been at his good fortune; to which he is said to have replied that his levity of heart was such that he would have been the same if he had heard that he was hanged.*

Rowe's connexion with the labours of Steele and Addison was very slight. He had joined with Prior and Swift in a letter of raillery to the Tatler on some remarks Steele had made on the subject of Scotland being designated North Britain since the Union. The only communication of Rowe to the Guardian which makes the subject of it the more surprising, is a witty letter in No. 118, (in reference to the gilt lion's-head letter-box at Button's,) soliciting the establishment of an outriding lion, or a jackal or two, for the benefit of those at a distance.

Among those previously noticed who contributed one or two papers each, were Parnell, Tickell, Hughes, and Budgell; Dr Pearce, the afterwards eminent Bishop of Rochester; the Rev. Laurence Eusden, who afterwards rendered both himself and the office contemptible by succeeding Rowe as Poet-Laureate; the learned Dr William Wotton; the Rev. Deane Bartelett, a fellow-collegian with Steele at Merton; Dr Thomas Birch, Chancellor at Worcester; Henry Martyn, the political economist; Henry Carey of New College, Oxford; Richard Ince of Gray's Inn, conveyancer; were also contributors. A paper has also been attributed to Dr Edward Young of the "Night Thoughts," but is not authenticated.

The first volume of the Guardian was inscribed to * Addisoniana.

GENERAL, afterwards EARL, CADOGAN, one of Marlborough's most skilful and able officers, to whom he intrusted the encampment in all his campaigns. He was Plenipotentiary to the Spanish Netherlands in 1706; in 1716, Governor of the Isle of Wight and Ambassador to Holland, and created Earl Cadogan in 1718. On the death of Marlborough, he became Master-General of the Ordnance, which he retained till his decease in 1726. Steele, in complimenting him on his eminent zeal and ability in his profession, says :"Your country knows how eminently you excel in the several parts of military skill, whether in assigning the encampment, accommodating the troops, leading to the charge, or pursuing the enemy, the retreat being the only part of the profession which has not fallen within the experience of those who learned their warfare under the Duke of Marlborough."

The second was dedicated to WILLIAM PULTENEY, afterwards Earl of Bath, (1652-1764,) the political opponent of Sir Robert Walpole. He was descended of an ancient family, studied at Christ Church, Oxford, and after some time spent in travel, entered Parliament. He became a strenuous opponent of the Ministry of the latter years of Queen Anne. On the accession of the House of Hanover in 1714, he became Secretary at War, but a difference with Walpole drove him into the ranks of opposition. He then joined with Bolingbroke in an anti-ministerial journal called The Craftsman. In 1731, a duel with Lord Hervey, the Vice-Chamberlain, gave such offence to the King, that, with his own hand, he struck his name out of the Privy Council, and ordered his removal from the Commission of the Peace. The animosity of the court only tended to in

flame the ardour of his opposition, and to increase his popularity. He contributed materially to driving Walpole from office in 1741, when, with Lord Carteret, he united with the other members of the Ministry; and he was raised to the peerage as Earl of Bath, but his popularity immediately vanished. By the death of his only son the title became extinct.

CHAPTER X.

Correspondence during the publication of the Guardian-Steele's quarrel with Swift-His letter to Addison complaining of Steele, in reference to the Guardian-Steele's reply-Swift's farewell letter, and partial reconciliation-His confession of Whiggism-Notice of the DeanSteele resigns his Commissionership, and enters Parliament.

LETTER CCII.

To Mrs Steele.

March 28, 1713.

RICH. STEELE,

DEAR PRUE,- I will do everything you desire your own way. Yours ever,

LETTER CCIII.

To Mrs Steele.

April 22, 1713.

--

DEAR PRUE, I have met with Doggett,* and we shall fall into a discourse which will turn to account. I shall dine with him at some eating-house. If you will be exactly at five at Button's,† we will go together to the Park,

"Thomas Doggett, an author and actor, who had, not long before the date of this letter, thrown up in disgust his office of joint manager of Drury Lane Theatre, which he had sometime held with Wilks and Cibber. By his frugality, he secured a sufficient competence to retire from the hurry of business whilst in the height of his reputation. In political principles, to use the words of Steele, he was a Whig up to the head and ears;' and so strictly was he attached to the interests of the House of Hanover, that he never let slip any occasion that presented itself of demonstrating his sentiments in that respect. The year after George I. came to the throne, Doggett gave a waterman's coat and silver badge, to be rowed for by six watermen on the 1st of August, being the anniversary of the accession, and at his death bequeathed a certain sum of money, the interest of which was to be appropriated annually for ever to the purchase of a like coat and badge to be rowed for in honour of the day. The ceremony continues to be annually performed, the claimants setting out on a signal given at that time of the tide when the current is strongest against them, and rowing from the Old Swan, near London bridge, to the White Swan at Chelsea."

+ "A famous coffee-house in Covent Garden, frequented at that time by all the wits."

or elsewhere, and be with you all night, if you condescend to take me out of my truckle-bed.-Yours faithfully,

RICH, STEELE.

Nine in the morning, May 5, 1713. DEAR PRUE, I have sent Will to get a place in the coach for your new maid, and am going out to visit the company I invited to Hampton Court, to know their resolution. Your maid may be always with the children. If the appointment holds, I will send Will also this afternoon with further directions. I value a person you are fond of too much to ride late in the evening; therefore shall set out myself early in the morning to-morrow.— Your obedient husband, RICH. STEELE.

Swift, in a letter to Addison, dated May 13, 1713, complains of Steele's treatment of him in charging him with being the writer of the violent Tory paper, the Examiner :

"I was told yesterday," he says, " by several persons, that Mr Steele had reflected upon me in his Guardian, which I could hardly believe until sending for the paper of the day. I found he had, in several parts of it, insinuated with the utmost malice that I was author of the Examiner,* and abused me in the grossest manner he could possibly invent, and set his name to what he had written. Now, Sir, if I am not the author of the Examiner, how will Mr Steele be able to defend himself from the imputation of the highest degree of baseness, ingratitude, and injustice? Is he so ignorant of my temper and of my style? Has he never heard that the author of the Examiner (to whom I am altogether a stranger†) did, a month or two ago, vindicate me from having any concern in it? not Mr Steele have first expostulated with me as a friend? deserved this usage from Mr Steele, who knows very well that my Lord

Should

Have I

'I have carried my

* "In the Guardian, No. LIII., Mr Steele says,— point, and it is nothing to me whether the Examiner writes in the character of an estranged friend or an exasperated mistress.' By the first of these appellations, Dr Swift is to be understood; by the latter, Mrs Manley, authoress of the Atlantis, who likewise, in conjunction with Oldisworth, wrote in the Examiner, often under the direction, and with the assistance of Swift, but oftener without leading-strings."

"The reader will please to recollect the received opinion that Dr Swift never wrote any Examiner after June 7, 1711. The curious may see an accurate and satisfactory account of the Examiner, and of this circumstance particularly, in the new edition of the Tatler, with notes, vol. v., No. 210, p. 307, note."