poor man died in White Lion prison at Southwark in the year 1585.

It is a great pity that this fine old mansion, with its secret hiding-places and its many interesting associations, should have been destroyed. The same fate has also befallen the adjoining farmhouse of Weston, which seems to have been included in the Maple Durham property. It was pulled down before the year 1776; and now, with the exception of a broken garden wall and a few crumbling foundations, no vestige of the buildings associated with the name of John Goodyer remains.

At Maple Durham, then, either in the larger or the smaller house, Mr. John Goodyer lived during the first half of the seventeenth century. There he had a fine garden, or rather gardens and orchards,' in which he cultivated rare and curious plants. He was wont to exchange seeds and herbs with other searchers after simples.' We find him supplying the famous Mr. Parkinson with the seeds of wild lettuce, the juice of which plant, he says, hath a very strong and grievous smell of opium.' From Mr. John Coys, of North Ockington in Essex, he receives various strange species, such as Captaine Andreas Dorias his Wound-wort.' We find him cultivating new fruits and vegetables, the Virginian watermelon or Pompion, no bigger nor larger than a great apple,' and the Jerusalem artichoke which he tooke presently upon its first arrivall into England.' In An. 1617' he received, we learn, two small roots thereof from Mr. Franguenell, of London, no bigger than hens egges,' the one he planted, and the other he gave to a friend: 'Myne,' he adds, brought me a pecke of roots, wherewith I stored Hampshire.' This is the first notice of the use of this vegetable in England, and it is interesting to learn the methods of its cooking.

These roots are dressed divers wayes, some boile them in water, and after stew them with sacke and butter, adding a little ginger. Others bake them in pies, putting Marrow, Dates, Ginger, Raisons of the sun, Sacke, etc. Others some other way as they are led by their skill in Cookerie. But, in my judgement (says Mr. Goodyer) which way soever they be drest and eaten, they stirre and cause a winde within the body, and are a meat more fit for swine then men: yet some say they have actually eaten them, and have found no such windy qualitie in them.

It is clear, from incidental notices, that Goodyer was deeply interested in horticulture, and the fact that he was the first, or among the first, to cultivate the Jerusalem artichoke in England is worthy of remembrance. He doubtless visited the different Physic Gardens, at that time beginning to spring up in various

parts of the country, such as those at Oxford and Holborn, the one, it may be, in company with Mr. William Brown, Fellow of Magdalen, and the other with old John Gerard himself, who cultivated, we are told, 'near eleven hundred sorts of plants.' It was partly with a view to increasing the number of cultivated species that Goodyer made those botanical excursions to which we have alluded. Most interesting is it to trace his steps as he moved about the county of Hants in search of rare and unrecorded plants. A few of his discoveries were made, it is true, in Surrey and Berks, but his own county was the main sphere of his investigations. In the immediate neighbourhood of Maple Durham he met with several interesting species. He seems to have been the first to describe the male fern, which he found growing abundantly on the shadowie moist rockes by Maple-durham neere Petersfield, July 4, 1633,' and the rare marsh fern which many yeares past I found in a very wet moore or bog, being the land of Richard Austen, called Whiterow Moore, where Peate is now digged, a mile from Petersfield : and this sixth of July, 1633, I digged up these many plants, and by them made this description. I never found it growing in any other place.' On the chalky hilly grounds by Maple Durham, now used as hop-gardens, he found growing plentifully wilde' the local purple, round-headed Rampion, still to be seen on the downs near Butser Hill. But the most striking of all his discoveries not only around Buriton but as regards the entire British flora, consisted in a little aquatic plant, now known, after a Leipzig botanist, as Ludwigia. Goodyer found it, as we learn from a manuscript note in his copy of How's' Phytologia' now preserved in the library of Magdalen College, Oxford, 'in a little lake on the Moore at Petersfield.' For nearly two hundred years his discovery remained unverified. The plant, however, was rediscovered about the year 1836 in Goodyer's locality on Petersfield Heath, and in the moist summer of 1848 it was fairly plentiful, Dr. Bromfield tells us, in marshy spots near the great pond. Since then the plant has been repeatedly searched for in vain : it is just possible, however, that it still exists in one locality in the New Forest. Elsewhere it is entirely unknown in Great Britain.

In other parts of Hampshire, away from Maple Durham, Mr. Goodyer met with new and interesting species. As he journeyed on horseback down the Meon Valley he noted the Bastard TodeFlax growing wilde on the side of a chalkie hill, on the right hand of the way, as you go from Droxford to Poppie-hill.' On the

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third day of September 1621, he found the rare Sea-heath flowering on the ditch banks at Burseldon ferrey by the sea side.' Riding 'betweene Rake and Headly neere Wollmer Forest,' where very few ferns are now to be found, he saw in January 1624, growing on the banks of a lane the Male English Maiden-haire fern in abundance, enough to lade an horse therewith.' He was also the first to discover the Narrow-leaved Lungwort or 'Long-leaved Sage of Jerusalem' (Pulmonaria angustifolia, L.) to be a British plant. He found it May 25, anno 1620, flowring in a wood by Holbury house in the New Forest.' This is one of our most interesting Hampshire plants, not only because it is confined almost entirely to the New Forest and the Isle of Wight, but also on account of the use made of it by the old herbalists in cases of pulmonary diseases. Another plant of famous medicinal virtue, which Goodyer found plentifully in the unmanured inclosures of Hampshire and on chalky downes,' was the Purging or Cathartic Flax, which he calls Mill-mountaine.' His account of how he came to know the name and properties of this plant is so quaint as to be worth quoting in full.

On the second of October 1617, going to Mr. Colsons shop an Apothecarie of Winchester, I saw this herbe lying on his stall, which I had scene growing long before; I desired of him to know the name of it; he told mee that it was called Mill-mountaine; and hee also told me, That being at Doctour Lake his house at Saint Crosse a mile from Winchester, seeing a man of his have this herb in his hand, he desired the name: hee told him as before, and also the use of it, which is this:

Take a hand full of Mil-mountaine, the whole plant, leaves, seeds, floures and all, bruise it and put it in a smal tunne or pipkin of a pinte filled with White Wine, and set it on the embers to infuse all night, and drinke that Wine in the morning fasting. This Dr. Lake was afterwards made Bishop of Bathe and Wels, who always used this herbe as his physic, after the said manner, as his man affirmed.

The medicinal qualities of plants had a great fascination for our friend Mr. Goodyer, as indeed they had for all the early botanists. He is ever on the look out for information as to the virtues of herbs, and he sometimes meets with it in unexpected quarters. The cornparsley he had for years observed in the clay grounds around his home, but it was not till the year 1625 that he realised what a wonderful virtue it possessed. This is the story:

I saw Mistris Ursula Leigh (then servant to Mistris Bilsom at Maple-durham, and now (5 Martii 1632) wife to Mr. William Mooring, Schoolemaster of Petersfield, a Towne neer the said Maple Durham) gather it in the wheate ershes about Maple Durham aforesaid, who told meo it was called Hone-wort, and that her

Mother Mistris Charitie Leigh, late of Brading in the Island of Wight, deceased, taught her to use it after the manner here expressed, for a swelling which she had in her lefte cheeke. which for many yeares would once a yeare at the least arise there, and swell with great heate, rednesse and itching, until by the use of this herbe it was perfectly cured and rose no more nor swelled, being now (5 Martgü 1632) about twenty yeres since, only the fear remaineth to this day. This swelling her mother called by the name of a Hone, but asking whether such tumors were in the said Isle usually called Hones she could not tell, by reason she was brought from Brading aforesaid young, and not being above twelve yeares old when she used the medicine.

Mr. Goodyer then describes how, instructed by Mistris Leigh, the parsley should be used.

Take one handfull of the greene leaves of the Hone-wort, and stamp them, put to it about halfe a pint or more of beer, straine it, and drink it, and so continue to drink the like quantity every morning fasting, till the swelling doth abate which with of in her was performed in the space of two weeks at the most.

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In one or two instances it is difficult to identify the plants found by Mr. Goodyer. The science of nomenclature was then in its infancy, and with regard to certain orders, such as the Orchidacea, the essential differences were but little understood. It is therefore not surprising that some confusion has arisen. As an instance we may refer to a species called by Goodyer Palma Christi radice repente,' or Creeping Satyrion, which grew, we learn, plentifully within a mile of a market Towne called Petersfield, in a moist meadow named Wood-mead, neere the path leading from Petersfield towards Beryton.' What was this creepingrooted orchis or Satyrion? From the description in Gerard, I should take it to be Epipactis palustris, or Marsh Helleborine, a species to be found in boggy situations in several parts of the county. It has been thought, however, to refer to a rare northern plant, found in certain fir-woods in Cumberland and Scotland. And to this plant has been given the name of Goodyera repens, in honour of our Hampshire botanist, who, it is suggested, might possibly have met with a specimen of this rare northern plant in the low-lying grounds between Petersfield and Maple Durham.

John Goodyer died in the spring of 1664, and was buried, as he directed in his will, in the Churchyard of Buriton near his late wife.' No stone marks the spot, and no memorial exists to commemorate his benefactions to the parish. To the poor of Weston, in which tithing Maple Durham, as we have said, was situated, he left his messuage dwelling-house together with all the barns stables outhouses and buildings and all the gardens and orchards VOL. XXVI.-NO. 156, N.S.

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thereunto belonging,' and some seventeen acres of meadow-land known as Halfpenny Land, then in the occupation of one Thomas Jacques. The large house' was afterwards sold for over 1,000l., the proceeds of which, now invested in Consols, together with the rent of the land, bring in an annual income of some 751., which is a source of considerable benefit to the parish. Part of this sum is yearly expended in gifts of money and clothing, part in making allowances by way of encouragement to servant girls, and part in apprenticing the young lads of the tithing. The people of Buriton have, indeed, much cause for gratitude towards the good squire of Maple Durham, whose very name is now forgotten in the village. To his honoured friend and near neighbour, Leonard Billson, Esq., of West Maple Durham, who acted as one of his executors, and to whom a monument exists in Buriton church, Goodyer left five pounds wherewith to buy himself a piece of plate.' His main fortune was bequeathed to his nephew Edmund Yalden, who seems, on succeeding to the property, to have taken the name of Goodyer, for we notice it is a Mr. Yalden Goodyer,' who furnished Dr. Christopher Merret with his uncle's botanical manuscripts in view of the publication of the 'Pinax' in 1666. Most of his books, however, except his book of Chirurgery called Ambrose Barry,' which he left to John Westbrook Gentleman.' one of the witnesses to his will, Goodyer bequeathed to ' Magdalen College in Oxen to be kept entirely in the library of the said college for the use of the said college.' Some of these books, all of which are of a botanical nature, are interleaved and contain manuscript notes in Goodyer's handwriting. They now bear the inscription 'Ex dono Joh. Goodyer, generosi,' a form which seems to suggest that the donor was not a Magdalen man, as he would in that case have been described as Fellow or Demy or the like. It has been conjectured that Goodyer's connection with the college may have been due to the presence in it of Mr. William Browne, a well-known botanist already alluded to, who was resident as Demy and Fellow from about 1645 to 1678. If, as seems most likely, Goodyer was acquainted with him, the gift of botanical books to Magdalen College is probably accounted for.

We thus think of our seventeenth-century squire as interesting himself in herbalism and botany amid the political changes of the time. That he belonged, like his contemporary Izaak Walton. to the King's party is rendered probable by the fact that he dates his will from the sixteenth year of the reign of our Sovereign