CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE TENSES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE AND THE TENSES OF THE INDICATIVE MOOD. The present and compound of the present subjunctive correspond with the present and two futures. The compound present subjunctive corresponds also with the compound present indicative, as-jai souhaité que tu sois venu. The preterite and compound preterite of the subjunctive correspond with the imperfect, the preterite, comp. pres., and imp. and two cond. OF THE USE OF THE TENSES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE. RULE CXXII. 1°. When the verb of the principal proposition is in the present or future of the indicative, the verb of the subordinate proposition must be put in the present of the subjunctive, if we wish to express a present or a future with regard to the first verb; and in the compound of the present, if we wish to express a past, as Pres.-je désire que vous soyez | I wish you to be happy. content, Fut.-il faudra que je m'y I shall be obliged to go there. rende, Past.-il faut que j'aie trouvé I must have found powerful de puissants protec teurs, protectors. The compound of the present subjunctive may also be preceded by the compound present ind. to express a past, as— il a fallu que vous ayez eu you must have had a great beaucoup de patience, deal of patience. 2o. If the verb is in any of the tenses of the indicative or conditional, except the present or future indicative used above, the second verb is put in the preterite of the subjunctive, to express a present or future with regard to the first verb, and in the compound preterite to express a past, as― Pres.-il avait défendu que | he had ordered me not to be l'on me reçût, Fut.-je craindrais que mon père ne le trouvât mal, received. I should be afraid my father would be angry. Past.-j'aurais désiré que vous I should have wished that you eussiez parlé, had spoken. Essential Observations on the Participle Present. 3o. When the participle present can be changed into the present of the indicative, the subordinate verb must be put in the present subjunctive, and in the compound of the present if we want to express a past, according to the first part of the above rule, as— craignant (i. e., comme je fearing that your father was crains) que votre père ne ill, soit malade...... And if the participle present can be changed into the imperfect of the indicative, the second verb is put in the preterite subjunctive, if we want to express a present or future, and compound preterite if we want to express a past, according to the second part of the above rule, as— cet enfant craignant (i. e., qui craignait) qu'on ne le grondât...... this child, afraid of being scolded...... 4o. EXCEPTIONS.-1st, The present of the subjunctive may sometimes be used in the subordinate proposition after the compound present indicative, but only when the subjunctive is governed by such conjunctions as afin que, pour que, &c., in the sense of, in order to; and when wishing to express a thing doing at the moment, or a future with regard to the present time, as j'ai préparé vos malles afin | I have prepared your trunks, que vous ne vous fassiez pas attendre, that you might not make them wait for you. 2nd, Though the first verb be in the present or future of the indicative, the second may be put in the preterite or compound preterite subjunctive, if the latter be attended by any condition expressed or understood, as croyez-vous qu'elle se rétablit | do you think she will recover si elle allait à Bath? if she goes to Bath? OBSERVE. If the condition be expressed by the present indicative, the present subjunctive must be used, as je crains qu'il ne meure si on | I am afraid he will die if they ne le soigne pas, do not take care of him. 3d, The conditionals, on dirait, it would seem, and je ne saurais, for I cannot, govern the present and compound present subjunctive, as on dirait que cet homme it would seem as if that man veuille se noyer, wanted to drown himself. On dirait sometimes governs the indicative, as on dirait qu'il va pleuvoir, one would think it was going to rain. Je voudrais, used sometimes in the sense of wishing, desiring, governs the present subjunctive, as— je voudrais qu'il pleuve, I wish it would rain. 5°. OBSERVE.--The verb of the subordinate proposition is always put in the present of the subjunctive, whatever may be the preceding tense of the indicative, when the second verb expresses a continued truth, a thing still existing at the moment, and independent of the circumstances of time, asil n'a pas été admis dans votre | he has not been admitted in régiment quoiqu'il soit plus your regiment, though he is grand que vous, taller than you. **Should the learner be at a loss to know if what he wishes to express by the verb in the subjunctive is in a past time with regard to the first verb, he has only to remark, that if the English verb, which corresponds with the French subjunctive, be in a compound tense, or can be turned into one, it refers to a past, and the French subjunctive must be put consequently in the preterite or compound preterite; but an intelligent scholar needs no such guide, if he understands what he means to express. EXERCISE CXXII.-PART I. 1o. It is necessary that he who speaks should make himself €20 el e12 se mettre understood by those who listen to him; and that he who writes à la porté e2 e12 el should have in view to make himself understood by those who le dessein de e e30 e12 el e12 read his works; it is sufficient that a clever man has neglected el €29 nothing to make an undertaking2 succeed'; want of success €12 €35 mauvais succèsm. ought not to diminish his merit; I am satisfied that you have diminuer é...m. il me suffit petitioned the minister in my favour. 2°. Trajan's maxim avoir pour was, that it was necessary that the citizens should find him €20 maxime f. s'imaginer que e20 te20 A ess de laid a snare for you. 3°. Fearing that they have forgot to tendre inform you of the arrival of your sister, I send you word; prévenir the prisoner not knowing that they had seized his papers, accusé asserted that he had not corresponded with the rebels. affirmer G correspondre es révolté EXERCISE CXXII.-PART II. et 4.-1st Excep. Your brother has behaved too ill, that I e2 es es pour que should take upon me to excuse him. 2d Excep. I fear that entreprendre sur soi he would love gambling to extreme, if he had many e1 passionément A opporet souvent des tunities of playing; I will never believe that he would have el12 €92 e15 been guilty of this error, if he had reflected ever so little. €26 tant soit peu els penser 3d Excep. One cannot say a word to Miss Céleste, but she e55 savoir e1o 109 ......... 57 one would think that these people takes the pet; very thin coats, es mince tunique f. e2 A €25 dire one would think that house is €55 nous e122 A que has surrounded our eyes with entourer les €23 e10 transparent in A front, in order that e le devant afin we might be able to see through; one would think her your elder, though she is ten years younger than you. e17 RELATIONS OF THE TENSES OF THE INDICATIVE AND CONDITIONAL. 1. The present relates to its own tense, and comp. pres. je parle...... quand vous parlez je danse..... quand vous avez dansé 2. The imperfect-to its own tense, the pret. 3. The preterite—to its own tense, and generally to the comp. je dejeúnai quand vous soupâtes quand vous eûtes déjeuné pret. comp. pret. 4. The comp. pres.-to its own tense, imp. comp. pret. double. aprés que vous avez eu diné comp. pret. d. 5. Comp. pret. generally to the preterite. quand j'eu lu | vous entràtes... | pret. |