je ne m'attendais nullement* I did not at all expect the au plaisir de vous voir, pleasure of seeing you. 4. When the restrictive negative word only, or but, in the sense of only, no more, nothing else, nobody else, comes after a verb accompanied by its subject, it is generally rendered by ne before, and que after the verb, as il n'a que seize ans, ne pensez qu'à mes enfants, he is only (or but) sixteen. think only of my children. In the first example ne........ ..que, only or but, stands for no more than, in the second for nobody else; but only, before a verb, or to express surprise, is rendered by seulement, and but, at the beginning of a phrase, by mais, as pensez seulement à mes enfants! only think of my children! Je viendrai, mais je ne puis rester, I shall come, but cannot stay. EXERCISE LVII. 1o. There are some men who ought never to have been born, others never to have died; never say that you will never be de e19 e18 A elo avoir of such an opinion; the rich are not always happier than e47 A others. 2°. The future never gives all that it promises. el9 3o. He has rendered me no service; nothing is more common e30 ce que than death, and nothing is more uncommon than not to be surprised by it; he is not at all informed of this business; no surprendre en nullement €32 laurels have shaded their brows. we owe happiness; he does nothing but laugh; not only the €29 prince granted the pardon of the culprit, but also promised A e18 all that was asked; harmony not only strikes the ear, but el ce qu'on voulut ......ie f. es e frapper e28 el the mind. * We are of opinion that ne, with nul or nullement, is a real pleonasm, and should be omitted, or the phrase changed. CHAPTER SEVENTH. OF PREPOSITIONS. RULE LVIII. 147, &c. Prepositions may be classed into three kinds: 1st, Those which govern their complement without the aid of a preposition; 2d, Those which require de; 3d, Those which require à. 1o. Those which govern a complement without a preposition are expressed in one word.-See page 151. J'irai malgré vous, I shall go in spite of you. vous avez agi contre mon avis, you have acted on my advice. 2o. Those which require de before their complement are the nine following, and all those preceded by à, au, aux, except travers: en dépit, in spite of. | hors, | out. ensuite, faute, after. for want. loin, far. proche, nigh. près, near. vis-à-vis, opposite. Excepté, hors, and hormis, in the sense of except, or excluded from, are not followed by de. 3o. The following require à before their complement: attenant, adjoining. jusque, as far as. par rapport, with respect. quant, as for (sauf before an inf). Jusque is sometimes followed by another preposition, as jusque dans Paris, | as far as, or, even into Paris. EXERCISE LVIII. 1o. Do not content thyself by being virtuous according to se contenter de e9 selon the law, it cannot embrace everything; you have acted contrary to my opinion. 2o. He rambled a long time around e26 autour the park; he is always near her; I have been nearly six ..... months in Paris; the Prince ought to be above others, and e2 el9 A e3s art. e19 the law above him; I shall lodge below Mr. Davidson; I saw him through the au travers hedge; this fruit is out of season; he was haie f. e ...m. e45 out of the house when the fire began; I leave all the furniture e2 e8 elt meubles m.p. except six chairs; everything is lost except honour; all was e14 chaise f. e40 God except God himself. €2 €38 €23 3o. As for him he will be €2 transported; this news had not yet reached déporté quant à him. A el6 CHAPTER EIGHTH. OF CONJUNCTIONS. CONJUNCTIONS Serve to unite words, thoughts, and propositions, and are indeclinable. Conjunctions are either simple or compound; simple when they are expressed by one word, as mais, but; donc, therefore; compound when composed of several words, as à moins que, unless. RULE LIX.-157, &c. Conjunctions, in reference to the different operations of the mind, may be divided into eleven classes, namely, 1st. The copulative, used only to unite words or sentences. et, and. ni, | nor. 2d. The alterative point out an alterative or distinction, in the sense of the thing spoken of. ou, ou bien, or, else. tantôt, si non, 3d. The conditional unite by the supposition of a condition necessary for the junction. si, quand, sauf, if, when, save. à moins que or de, unless that. pourvu que, provided that. à condition que, on condition" 4th. The adversative denote some opposition or difference between the words and sentences which they unite. mais, quoique, but, although. | au moins, cependant, néanmoins, yet. au lieu de, pourtant, at least. instead of. however. 5th. The extensive unite by extending the meaning. jusque, enfin, until, at last. aussi, also. même, tant que, even. as long as. 6th. The periodical unite and point out the circumstances of 7th. The causative unite and imply a reason for the union. puisque, aussi, since, so. peur que, for fear that. attendu que, seeing that. 8th. The explicative unite by way of explanation. savoir, surtout, to wit, especially. || ainsi que, c'est à dire, that is to say. as. de façon que, so that. 9th. The transitive denote the transition from one thing to 10th. The augmentative add to the meaning of the words 11th. The conclusive unite the premises with the result. because, seeing. par conséquent, consequently. An intelligent pupil will easily ascertain to which of the above classes any conjunction not mentioned here belongs. EXERCISE LIX.-PART I. A 1o. Louis XII. was the king and father of his people; H art. e2 art. e2 €40 I like neither pears nor apples. 2°. I will go and see you e2 e poire f. e40 to-morrow, or the day after; write to him, or else he eε après demain will be el bien angry with you; reprimand him, if not as a master, contre é..........er e18 es el7 se facher e13 A de we at least as a friend. 3°. We cannot be happy unless du moins e17 - et ебо e15 practise virtue; I would write in verse if I could do it properly. pratiquer e1 ele2 vers m. els els convenablement honorer el el 4°. It is not places which add dignity to men, but men ce sont ......f. who add dignity to places; you are amusing yourself, yet ебя A time flies; if you do not do that yourself, at least order it e26 fuir to be done. 5o. A man is not happy nor rich as long as he els 13 e18 strives to be more so; we will be friends until death. s'efforcer de davantage el8 A e1 EXERCISE LIX.-PART II. A art. e 6o. Nature is imperishable, whilst every thing changes and ......f. changer perishes. 7°. We foolishly prefer what pleases to what is €44 el follement e26 useful, as wit to good sense, grace to virtue. 8°. Ferocity e8 ......té f. is discernable by the crispation of the lips, especially of the se reconnaître els levre f. espécialement upper; conduct yourself prudently that you may be esteemed. importance; you will do what you like, as to sufisance f. els els il vous plaira determined to go to America. 10. Those who desire, décidé de A A el e55 A désirer dream although they sleep not. 11°. The law ordains it, faire des songes que e8 e9 ordonner therefore we must obey; fortune is inconstant, therefore we obéir ......f. THE interjection being the spontaneous expression of a momentary emotion, cannot be controlled by the laws of |