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FROBENIUS (John), an eminent printer of the sixteenth century, born at Hammelburg in Franconia. He studied in the university of Basil, where he acquired great reputation for learning; and, setting up a printing-house in that city, was the first of the German printers who brought that art to any degree of perfection. The great character of this printer was the principal motive which induced Erasmus to reside at Basil, in order to have his works printed by him. A great number of valuable books were printed by him with care and accuracy. He died in 1527. Erasmus wrote his epitaph in Greek and Latin.

John Frobenius left a son named Jerome Frobenius, and a daughter married to Nicholas Episcopius; who, joining in partnership, continued Frobenius's printing-house with reputation, and printed very correct editions of the Greek Fathers.

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noted for its ancient castle. It has a stone bridge FRODSHAM, a market town of Cheshire. over the Weaver, near its conflux with the Mersey, late inland navigation, it has communication and a harbour for ships of good burden. By the with the rivers Dee, Ribble, Darwent, Ouse, which navigation, including its windings, extends Trent, Severn, Humber, Thames, Avon, &c, about 500 miles in the counties of Lincoln, Nottingham, York, Lancaster, Westmoreland, Stafford, Warwick, Leicester, Oxford, Worcester, &c. Frodsham is ten miles north-east of Chester, and 193 N. N. W. of London.

FROG, n. s. Sax. Frogga; Swedish frod; Teut. frosch; Goth. freja. A small animal with four feet, living both by land and water, and placed by naturalists among mixed animals, as partaking of beast and fish; famous in Homer's poem. The hollow part of a horse's hoof.

Poor Tom, that eats the swimming frog, the toad
the tadpole.
Skakspeare. King Lear.

The screech-owl's eggs and the feathers black;
The blood of the frog and the bone in his back,
I have been getting and made of his skin
A purset to keep sir Cranion in.

:

Auster is drawn with a pot or urn, water, with which shall descend frogs.

fish.

Ben Jonson. pouring forth Peacham

An herb.

FROG'-BIT, n. s. Frog and bit.
FROG'-FISH, n. s. Frog and fish. A kind of
FROG'-GRASS, n. s.
of herb.
FROG'-LETTUCE, n. s.

Frog and grass. A kind

plant.

Frog and lettuce. A

FROBISHER, or FORBISHER (Sir Martin), a celebrated navigator and sea officer of the sixteenth century, born at Doncaster in Yorkshire, and from his youth brought up to navigation. He was the first English man who attempted to find a northwest passage to China; and, in 1576, he sailed with two barks and a pinnace for that purpose. In this voyage he discovered a cape, to which he gave the name of Queen Elizabeth's Foreland, and the next day a strait, to which he gave his own name. This voyage proving unsuccessful, he attempted the same passage in 1577; but, discovering some ore in an island, and his commission directing him only to search for ore, he returned to England with it. He sailed again with fifteen ships, and a great number of adventurers, to form a settlement; but, being obstructed by the ice, and driven out to sea by a violent storm, they, after encountering many difficulties, returned home, without making any settlement, but with a large quantity of ore. He afterwards commanded the Aid, in Sir Francis Drake's expedition to the West Indies, in which St. Domingo, Carthagena, and Santa Justina, in Florida, FROISSARD, or FROISSART (John), an emiwere taken and sacked. In 1588 he bravely ex- nent English chronicler and poet, was born at erted himself against the Spanish armada, when Valenciennes in 1337. He was canon and treahe commanded the Triumph, one of the largest surer of Chimay in Hainault. His chief work is ships in that service; and, as a reward for his a Chronicle of the Transactions in France, distinguished bravery, received the honor of Spain, and England, from 1326 to 1400: which knighthood from the lord high admiral at sea. is reckoned very accurate, and highly valued by He afterwards commanded a squadron which all earnest students of ancient manners. The cruised on the Spanish coast; and, in 1592, took best edition is that of Lyons in 4 vols. folio, 1559. two valuable ships and a rich carrac. In 1594 Sleidan abridged it, and Monstrelet continued it he was sent to the assistance of Henry IV., king down to 1466. It was translated in the reign of of France,against a body of the Leaguers and Spa- Henry VIII. by lord Berners, and latterly by niards, who had strongly entrenched themselves Mr. Johnes of Hafod. Froissard resided long at Croyzon, near Brest; but in an assault upon in the court of queen Phillippa, wife of Edward hat fort, on the 7th of November, he was unfor- III. He has often been accused of partiality to tunately wounded with a ball, of which he died the English. He died about 1410.

FROISE, n. s. From the Fr. froisser, as the pancake is crisped or crimpled in frying. A kind of food made by frying bacon enclosed in a pancake.

FROLIC, adj. & n. s. Belgic vrolyk; FROLICLY, adv. Teut. frohlich, frok, FROLICSOME, adj. joy; Goth. froleica, FROLICSOMENESS, N.S. fro. Gay; full of FROLICSOMLY, adv. levity and of wild pranks; a flight of whim and wild joyousness. And, for more joy, that captive lady faire, The faire Pana, he enlarged free,

And by the rest did set in sumptuous chaire
To feast and frolicke; nathemore would she
Shew gladsome countenance nor pleasant glee.
Spenser's Faerie Queene.

We fairies, that do run
By the triple Hecate's team,
From the presence of the sun,
Following darkness like a dream,
Now are frolick.

Whether, as some sages sing,

Shakspeare.

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Then to her new love let her go, And deck her in golden array;

Rowe.

Be finest at every fine show, And frolick it all the long day. have heard of some very merry fellows, among whom the frolic was started, and passed by a great majority, that every man should immediately draw a tooth. Stcele.

Alcibiades, having been formerly noted for the like frolicks and excursions, was immediately accused Swift. of this.

While rain depends, the pensive cat gives o'er
Her frolicks, and pursues her tail no more.

From morn till night, from night till startled
Peeps blushing on the Revel's laughing crew,
The song is heard, the rosy garland worn,
Devices quaint, and frolicks ever new,
Tread on each other's kibes.

Id.

morn,

Byron. Childe Harold.

FROM, prep. Sax. and Scott. Ƒɲam. Of this monosyllable, Dr. Johnson has given no fewer than twenty meanings, and to these he has added twenty-two other manners of using it, accompanying each with instances sufficiently numerous as proofs; yet in all his instances from continues, says Tooke (in his Diversions of Purley), to retain invariably one and the same single meaning. See the following quotation. Proceeding on the basis of Dr. Johnson's dictionary,' we give his entire article; but must here again advertise the reader that we consider Mr. Tooke to have demonstrated the utter fallacy of his numerous distinctions.

Mr. Tooke first notices Mr. Harris's view of what he considers the three different relations of this word, the two last of which are in absolute contradiction to each other. He then adduces

the following illustrations of these different relations:-'FROM,' he says, 'denotes the detached relation of body; as when we say-these figs came FROM Turkey. So as to motion and rest, only with this difference, that here the preposition varies its character with the verb; thus if we say, that lamp hangs FROM the ceiling, the preposition from assumes a character of quiescence; but if we say, that lamp is falling FROM the ceiling, the preposition in such case assumes a character of motion. And to the whole he thus replies:- I take the word from to have as clear, precise, and at all times, as uniform and unequivocal meaning as any word in the language. FROM means merely beginning and nothing else. It is simply the Anglo-Saxon and Gothic noun rnum, ERNM, beginning, origin, source, fountain, author. Now then, if you please,we will apply this meaning to Mr. Harris's formidable instances, and try whether we cannot make FROM speak clearly for itself, without the assistance of the interpreting verbs; which are supposed by Mr. Harris, to vary its character at will, and make the preposition appear as inconsistent and contradictory as himself.

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Falls is a complex term for another species of motion.

Hangs is a complex term for a species of attachment.

Have we occasion to communicate or mention the COMMENCEMENT OF BEGINNING of these motions and of this attachment; and the place where these motions and this attachment commence or begin? It is impossible to have complex terms for each occasion of this sort. What more natural then, or more simple, than to add the signs of those ideas, viz. the word BEGINNING (which will remain always the same), and the name of the place (which will perpetually vary)?

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Relaxation from plenitude is cured by spare diet, and from any cause by that which is contrary to it Arbuthnot on Aliments.

Out of; noting the ground or cause of any thing.

By the sacred radiance of the sun,
The mysteries of Hecate, and the night;
By all the operations of the orbs,
From whom we do exist, and cease to be,
Here I disclaim all my paternal care.

Shakspeare. They who believe that the praises which arise from valour are superior to those which proceed from any other virtues, have not considered. Dryden.

What entertainment can be raised from so pitiful a machine? We see the success of the battle from the very beginning.

Tis true from force the strongest title springs, I therefore hold from that which first made kings.

Not near to; noting distance.

Id.

Id.

His regiment lies half a mile at least
South from the mighty power of the king.
Shakspeare.

Noting separation or recession.

To die by thee, were but to die in jest; From thee to die, were torture more than death. Shakspeare.

Hast thou beheld, when from the goal they start, The youthful charioteers with heaving heart, Rush to the race, and panting, scarcely bear, The' extremes of feverish hope and chilling fear. Id. Virgil.

Noting exemption or deliverance. And whos child that it was he bade hire hide From every wight, for aught that may betide. Chaucer. The Clerkes Tale. From Jealousy's tormenting strife, For ever be thy bosom freed.

Noting absence.

Prior.

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Noting the place or person from whom a message is brought.

I had from my childhood a wart upon one of my fingers, Bacon. The other had been trained up from his youth in the war of Flanders. Clarendon.

Were there, from all eternity, no memorable acTillotson. The king is coming, and I must speak with him tions done 'till about that time? from the bridge.

-How now, Fluellan, cam'st thou from the bridge?

Shakspeare. Henry V.

The milk of tigers was his infant food, Taught from his tender years the taste of blood. Dryden.

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From far.

Dryden.

A ship of merchants, that fetches her wares from far, is the good housewife of the commonwealth. Bp. Hall.

Their train proceeding on their way, From far the town and lofty towers survey. Dryden. From high. Then heaven's imperious queen shot down from high. Dryden.

From hence. Here from is superfluous. In the necessary differences which arise from thence, they rather break, into several divisions than join in any one public interest; and from hence have always risen the most dangerous factions, which have Clarendon. ruined the peace of nations.

From whence. From is here superfluous. While future realms his wandering thoughts delight,

Ilis daily vision, and his dream by night,
Forbidden Thebes appears before his eye,

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There followed him great multitudes of people from Galileo, and from beyond Jordan.

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Knights, unhorsed, may rise from off the plain, And fight on foot, their honour to regain. Dryden. The sea being constrained to withdraw from off certain tracts of lands, which lay till then at the bottom of it. Woodward.

From out.

And join thy voice unto the angel-quire, From out his secret altar touched with hallowed fire. Milton.

The king with angry threatnings from out a window, where he was not ashamed the world should behold him a beholder, commanded his guard and the rest of his soldiers to hasten their death.

Sidney. Now shake, from out thy fruitful breast, the seeds Of envy, discord, and of cruel deeds.

Dryden's Eneid. Strong god of arms, whose iron sceptre sways The freezing North and hyperborean seas, Terror is thine, and wild amazement, flung From out thy chariot, withers even the strong.

From out of.

Dryden.

Whatsoever such principle there is, it was at the first found out by discourse, and drawn from out of the very bowels of heaven and earth. Hooker. From under.

He, though blind of sight,

Despised, and thought extinguished quite, With inward eyes illuminated,

His fiery virtue roused

From under ashes into sudden flame.

From within.

From within

Milton's Agonistes.

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FROME, a river of England, that rises from several springs in the south-west of Dorsetshire, and, running almost due west, passes, under Frampton-bridge to Dorchester, and falls into a

bay of the English Channel, called Poolhaven, near Wareham.

FROME, OF FROME-SELWOOD, a borough in Somersetshire, and one of the best towns of this part of the country, which was anciently one great forest, called Selwoodshire. Here is a large andsome church, 150 feet long, and fiftyfour broad, comprising a nave, chancel, north and south aisles, four chapels, and a vestry-room, with a square embattled tower and an octagonal spire, 120 feet high. There are likewise several meeting-houses in the town, belonging to different denominations of dissenters, two of which are large handsome edifices. Near the bridge stands a free-school for twenty boys, and an alms-house for widows; the latter is a handsome building, and was erected, by subscription, in 1720. Here is also an hospital for old men, a charity-school for boys, and an asylum for girls,together with various Sunday-schools, which afford instruction to 2000 children. The chief manufacture is broad and narrow cloth. Formerly more wire cards, for carding wool for the spinners, were made at this place than in all the rest of England, and there were no fewer than twenty master card-makers, one of whom employed 400 men, women, and children, in that manufactory at once. This town has been long noted for its fine ale, which is kept to a great age. It is thirteen miles south of Bath, and 105 west by south of London, and sends one member to Parliament. FRO'MWARD, prep. Sax. Fþam and peano. Away from; the contrary to the word towards. Not now in use.

As cheerfully going towards as Pyrocles went froward fromward his death. Sidney.

The horizontal needle is continually varying towards East and West; and so the dipping or inclining needle is varying up and down, towards or fromwards Cheyne.

the zenith.

FRONDESCENTIÆ TEMPUS, in botany, the precise time of the year and month, in which each species of plants unfolds its first leaves. All plants produce new leaves every year; but all do not renew them at the same time. Among woody plants, the elder, and most of the honeysuckles; among the perennial herbs, the crocus and tulip are the first that push or expand their leaves. The time of sowing the seeds decides with respect to annuals. The oak and ash are constantly the latest in pushing their leaves; the greatest number unfold them in spring; the mosses and firs in winter. These striking differences seem to indicate that each species of plants has a temperature proper or peculiar to itself, and requires a certain degree of heat to extricate the leaves from the buds. This temperature, however, is not so fixed or constant as it may at first view appear. Among plants of the same species, there are some more early than others; whether that circumstance depends, as it most commonly does, on the nature of the plants, or is owing to differences in heat, exposure, and soil. In general, it may be affirmed that small and young trees are always earlier than larger or old ones. The pushing of the leaves is likewise accelerated or retarded, according to the temperature of the season; that is, according as the sun is sooner or later in dispensing the degree of heat suitable to each species.

FRONDI FEROUS, uh Bearing leaves.

FRONT, n. s., v. a. & v. n.
FRONT'ED, adj.

FRONT LESS, adj.

Latin frondife

Fr. front; Lat frons. Face and Sfront both signify

the human countenance, and figuratively desig nate the particular parts of bodies, which bear some sort of resemblance to it, or to the forehead. Crabb thus distinguishes their peculiar application: Face is applied to that part of bodies which serves as an index or rule, and contains certain marks to direct the observer; front is employed for that part which is most prominent or foremost: hence we speak of the face of a wheel or clock, the face of a painting, or the face of nature; but the front of a house or building, and the front of a stage: hence likewise the propriety of the expressions, to put a good face on a thing; to show a bold front.' The verb signifies to oppose directly, or face to face, in the sense of confront; to stand opposed or over against any place or thing; to stand foremost. Frontless is used in the sense of barefaced unblushing impudence.

I front but in that file,
Where others tell steps with me.

Shakspeare. Henry VIII. You four shall front them in the narrow lane; we will walk lower: if they 'scape from your encounter, then they light on us. Shakspeare.

Can you, when you have pushed out of your gates the very defender of them, think to front his revenges with easy groans?

Id.

Some are either to be won to the state in a fast and true manner, or fronted with some other of the same party that may oppose them, and so divide the reputation. Bacon's Essays.

Both these sides are not only returns, but parts of the front; and uniform without, though severally portioned within, and are on both sides of a great and stately tower, in the midst of the front. Bacon.

The access of the town was only by a neck of land: our men had shot, that thundered upon them from the rampier in front, and from the gallies that lay at

sea in flank.

Id.

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