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Easter Sunday, in 1512. Louis XII., on hearing of his death, exclaimed, 'I would surrender almost every inch of ground I possess in Italy to restore to life my nephew and his brave comrades. God preserve us from many such victories!'

Foix (Louis de), a French architect, was employed by Philip II., of Spain, in the erection of the palace of the Escurial. He is said to have been in the confidence of don Carlos, by betraying which, he contributed to the destruction of that prince; soon after which he left Spain and returned to France. In 1579 he was employed in the port of Bayonne, and constructed the canal of the Adour. De Foix was also, in 1610, the architect of the tower of Cordouan, at the mouth of the Ga

ronne.

FOKIEN, a province of China, bounded on the north by that of Tche-Kiang; east by the sea; south by Quang-Tong, and west by KianSi. It is commodiously situated for navigation and commerce. The natives catch large quantities of fish, which they send to other parts of the empire. Its shores are indented with many bays; and there are many forts built on the coast. The air is hot, but pure and wholesome. The mountains are disposed into a kind of amphitheatres, by the labor of the inhabitants, with terraces one above another. The fields are watered with rivers and springs, which issue out of the mountains, and which the husbandmen conduct so as to overflow the fields of rice when they please, by pipes of bamboo. It produces all the commodities common in China, particularly musk, precious stones, quicksilver, silk, iron, &c. The natives make hempen cloth, calico, and all sorts of utensils. They import cloves, cinnamon, pepper, sandal-wood, amber, coral, &c. The capital is Fou-tcheouFou, or Fucherofu. As for Fokien, which most Leographers make the capital, Grosier informs us there is no such place. The silks and cloth of Fokien are of extraordinary fineness and beauty. The port of Enfouy was formerly open to European vessels, but all the trade has been since transferred to Canton. Considerable commerce is carried on between this province and Japan, Formosa, the Philippine Islands, Java, and Siam. Every city is said to have a peculiar dialect. Fou-tcheon, the capital, is celebrated for its literati; besides which, there are other large towns, Tsuen-Tschosu, Yeu-Ping, and Tchang-Tcheou. The population has been computed at 15,000,000.

FOLARD (Charles), an eminent French general, born at Avignon in 1669, of a noble family. He discovered an early passion for arms; which was so inflamed by reading Casar's Commentaries, that he enlisted at sixteen years of age. His father procured his discharge and immured him in a monastery; but he escaped about two years after, and entered again as a cadet. His inclination for military affairs recommended him to notice. M. de Vendome, who commanded in Italy in 1720, made him his aid-decamp; and soon after sent him with part of his forces into Lombardy. Here his services were such, that he had a pension of 400 livres settled upon him, and was honored with the

cross of St. Louis. He distinguished himself greatly at the battle of Cassano; where he received a wound in his left hand, which deprived him of the use of it ever after. At this battle he conceived the first idea of columns, which he afterwards prefixed to his Commentaries on Polybius. In 1706 Folard had orders to throw himself into Modena, to defend it against prince Eugene: where he was very near being assassinated. He received a dangerous wound in the thigh at the battle of Malplaquet, and was some time after made prisoner by prince Eugene. Being exchanged in 1711, he was made governor of Bourbourg. In 1714 he went to Malta, to assist in defending that island against the Turks. Upon his return to France he embarked for Sweden, to see Charles XII. He acquired the esteem and confidence of that monarch, who sent him to France to negociate the restoration of James II: but, that project being given up, he returned to Sweden, followed Charles XII. in his expedition to Norway, and served under him at the siege of Frederickshall. Folard then returned to France; and made his last campaign in 1710, as colonel under the duke of Berwick. From that time he applied intensely to the study of the military art; and built his theories upon the foundation of his experience. He contracted an intimacy with count Saxe; and was chosen F. R. S. of London in 1749; and, in 1751, made a journey to Avignon, where he died in 1752, aged eightythree. His chief works are, 1. Commentaries upon Polybius, 6 vols. 4to. 2. New Discoveries in War. 3. A Treatise concerning the defence of Places, in French.

FOLCZ (John), originally a barber of Nuremberg, and born at Ulm about the middle of the fifteenth century, became one of the most celebrated of the German poets belonging to the class called Mastersingers, or Suabian bards. They consisted of clubs or societies established for the cultivation of the old German poetry, and were principally composed of the lower classes. Strasburgh and Nuremberg were the cities in which were found the most famous societies of Mastersingers; but they also existed at Memingen, Ulm, and Augsbourg. Taverns were their usual places of meeting. The epoch of these bards lasted from 1350 to 1519, when Luther produced a reform in the German language; but the societies continued, that of Strasburgh particularly, till the latter part of the eighteenth century. Folcz, distinguished himself by the invention of a multitude of new metres. He printed at Nuremberg a great number of his poems. The earliest, finished in 1470, was imprinted, or engraved on wood, in 1474, and reprinted in a collection which appeared in 1534 at Nuremberg, in 3 vols. 4to. This includes Ein teutsch worhaftig poetisch ystori; an abridged History of the German Empire, in rhyme; and Vitæ Patrum, vel Liber Colacionum. Of these productions Fischer has given a description. in his Typographical Rarities, Mentz, 1800, 8vo.

FOLD, n. s. & v. a. Sax. falæd, falð; from Goth. faldar, to enclose. There is also a barb. Latin word, faldagium (a fold). The ground on

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If gold be foliated, and held between your eyes and the light, the light looks of a greenish blue. Newton's Opticks.

A piece of another, consisting of an outer crust, of a ruddy talky spar, and a blue talky foliacious spar. Woodward on Fossils.

A flinty pebble was of a dark green colour and the exterior cortex of a foliomort colour. Id.

And too

The trees with foliage, cliffs with flowers are crownd,
Pure rills through walls of verdure warbling go,
And wonder, love, and joy, the peasant's heart o'er-
flow.
Beattie.

FOLIAGE, in architecture, used for the representations of flowers, leaves, branches, rinds, &c., whether natural or artificial, that are used for enrichments on capitals, friezes, pediments, &c. FOLIATING OF GLASS PLATES FOR MIRRORS, the spreading the plates over, after they are polished, with quicksilver, &c., to make them reflect images. It is performed thus:-A thin blotting paper is spread on the table, and then a fine lamina or leaf of tin, called foil, is laid over the paper; upon this is poured mercury, which is to be distributed equally over the leaf with a hare's foot, or cotton: over this is laid a clean paper, and over that the glass plate, which is pressed down with the right hand, and the paper drawn gently out with the left; this being done, the plate is covered with a thicker paper, and loaded with a greater weight, that the surperfluous mercury may be driven out and the tin adhere more closely to the glass. When it is dried, the weight is removed, and the looking-glass is complete. Some add an ounce of marcasite melted by the fire; and, lest the mercury should evaporate in smoke, they pour it into cold water; and when cooled, squeeze through a cloth, or through leather. Some add a quarter of an ounce of tin and lead to the marcasite, that the glass may dry the sooner.

FOLIATING OF GLOBE GLASSES FOR MIRRORS, is done as follows. Take five ounces of quicksilver and one ounce of bismuth; of lead and tin half an ounce each: first put the lead and tin into fusion, then put in the bismuth; and, when that is also in fusion, let it stand till it is almost cold, and pour the quicksilver into it: after this take the glass globe, which must be very clean, and the inside free from dust: make a paper funnel, which put into the hole of the globe, as near the glass as possible, so that the amalgam, when poured in, may not splash, and cause the glass to be full of spots; pour it in gently, and move it about so that the amalgam may touch every where; if the amalgam begin to be curdly and fixed, hold it over a gentle fire, and it will easily flow again; and, if it be too thin, add a little more lead, tin, and bismuth to it. The finer and clearer the globe is, the better will the looking-glass be.

FOʻLIO, n. s. Lat. in folio. A large book of which the pages are formed by a sheet of paper once doubled.

Plumbinus and Plumeo made less progress in knowledge, though they had read over more folios. Watts on the Mind.

FOLK, n. s. FOLKS, n. s. FOLK'MOTE, n. s.

Sax. Folc, from folgian, to follow; Swed. folc, folgia, to follow; Belg. volk, from Goth. folgia, to follow. It is properly a noun collective, and has no plural but by modern corruption. People, in familiar language; any kind of people as discriminated from others. It is now seldom used but in familiar or burlesque language.

Infinite ben the sorwe and the teres Of olde folk and folk of tendre years In all the town, for deth of this Theban. Chaucer. The Knightes Tale Those hills were appointed for two special uses, and built by two several nations. the one is that which you call folkmotes, built by the Saxons, and signifies in the Saxon a meeting of folk. Spenser on Ireland. The river thrice hath flowed, no ebb between; And the old folk, time's doting chronicles, Say it did so a little time before. Shakspeare. Anger is a kind of baseness: as it appears well in the weakness of children, women, old folks, and sick folks.

When with greatest art he spoke,
You'd think he talked like other folk;
For all a rhetorician's rules
Teach nothing but to name his tools.

Bacon.

Hudibras.

Dorilaus, having married his sister, had his marhow unhappy so ever the children after grow, with a riage in short time blest, for so are folk wont to say, Sidney.

son.

Swift.

Old good man Dobson of the green, Remembers he the tree has seen, And goes with folks to shew the sight. He walked and wore a threadbare cloak; He dined and supped at charge of other folk. Id. When I call 'fading' martial immortality

I mean, that every age and every year And almost every day, in sad reality

Some sucking hero is compelled to rear, Who, when we come to sum up the totality

Of deeds to human happiness most dear, Turns out to be a butcher in great business,

Affecting young folks with a sort of dizziness. Byron.

FOLKES (Martin), an English antiquary, mathematician, and philosopher, born at Westminster about 1690, a fellow of the Royal Society of London, and of the Academy of Sciences at Paris. He was admitted into the former at twenty-four years of age; made one of their council two years after; named by Sir Isaac Sir Hans Sloane, became president. Coins, anNewton himself, as vice-president; and, after cient and modern, were his great object: and his last production was a book upon the English Silver Coin, from the conquest to his own times. A table of all the English gold coins, drawn up by Mr. Folkes, was afterwards printed at the request of the Royal Society, before whom he laid his Remarks on the Standard Measure preserved in the Capitol of Rome, and a inodel of an ancient sphere preserved in the Farnesian palace. A representation of this sphere was published in Dr. Bentley's edition of Manilius. He died in London in 1754. Dr. Birch drew up riaterials for his life, which are preserved in the Anecdotes of Bowyer.

FOLKESTONE, a sea-port and market town of Kent, between Dover and Hythe, and which appears to have been a very ancient place, from

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