It is evident that these analogical processes could not have begun to operate until loss of final n occurred and that they could not have operated fully until levelling of unaccented vowels was completed.23 It is also evident that the operation of these analogical processes was practically inevitable after the stability of the traditional inflectional patterns had become so radically modified by the sound-changes that had taken place in unaccented syllables.

proportion that is intended to account for hwile itself. Obviously the nominative singular form hwile was not available until it came into use. The n-less forms of hunte and tunge were available as part of the analogical material that favored the development of hwile, however, for loss of n preceded the analogical change. And after the nominative singular form hwile had developed it still further strengthened the analogical support that favored the n-less form of hunte and tunge.

21 The analogical accusative singular form dæde (see page 249 above) did not completely displace the earlier form ded; both survived in late Old English. The older accusative form dad was one of the elements in the inflectional system that favored the development of the analogical nominative forms hwile and synne. But on the basis of the later accusative singular dæde there developed by analogy a new nominative singular form dæde.

22 The words lufe, etc., represent the following types of noun inflection: short feminine ō-stems; feminine, masculine, and neuter n-stems; masculine and neuter ja-stems, masculine and feminine u-stems, feminine i-stems, masculine a-stems, short neuter a-stems, and long neuter a-stems. The very great majority of all the Old English nouns were declined according to one or other of the types of inflection included in the proportion and the nominative and accusative singular were identical in all the types not included except the feminine wō-stems, e.g. sceadu and mæd. The development of these is complicated by certain factors that do not enter into the development of the feminine i-stems, jō-stems, and long ō-stems but in principle is the same.

23 If the addition of e in the feminine nominative singular began before the levelling of unaccented vowels was completed the analogical process would not have had the support of the types lufe-lufe and tunge-tunge but would have had that of all the other types included in the proportion.

APPENDIX

The data upon which the preceding study is based are as follows:50

Cambridge MSS

Corpus Christi College 41 (XI)

1. Bede, Ecclesiastical History, ed. Schipper, Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Prosa, IV, 81-83, 99–136.

2. forespecenan 99, 2239; elreordi[g]an 135, 667; wiðfeohtendan 135, 668 3. gepafa 113, 180

4. untrumnesse 82, 1828; 82, 1835

Corpus Christi College 41, margin (XI)

2. Martyrology, ed. Herzfeld, E.E.T.S., pp. 2-10, 18.

2. miclan 8, 2

3. oxa 2, 19

3. Harrowing of Hell, ed. Hulme, Modern Philology, I, 610-614.

2. foton 611, 22; ðan, þan 610, 17; 612, 3, 27; 613, 18, 35, 41; hwan 613, 6, 10 3. See LFn 14 (4)

4. siniõpe 611, 15

Corpus Christi College 140 (early XI)

4. St. John's Gospel, ed. Bright, pp. 1–50.

2. sundorhalgon 1:24; gyfton II:2; þyson II:12; strengon II:15; dagon II:19; feowertigon wintron II:20; þyson III:22; IV:13; IV:37; wordon IV:39; dagon IV:43; hwylcon IV:52; þyson V:1; sumon wordon V:14; Iudean V:15; syluon V:26; sylfon V:26; þyson VI:1; leorningenihton VI:3; VI:12; berenan hlafon VI:13; leorningcnihtan VI:22; hlafon VI:26; etc.

50 The approximate date of the MS (if given by the editor or accessible to me in a catalog of the MSS) is indicated in parentheses after the MS notation. After (2) are cited the examples of change of m to n in each text; after (3) the examples of loss of n; after (4) the examples of the analogical final e in the nominative singular of feminine nouns. The examples of loss of n cited in my paper: Loss of Final n in Inflectional Syllables of Middle English (LANGUAGE, 3. 232–59) are not repeated here but are referred to by the abbreviation LFn; e.g. the abbreviation LFn 14 (4) under text 3 indicates that the examples of loss of final n in this text are to be found under text 14 of the Appendix of that article (257ff.) and that the number of examples there given is 4. The abbreviation etc. after the last example in an exhibit shows that the text contains other examples that I have not cited; when it occurs after an example that is not the last it shows that the text contains other examples of the same form. The references are usually to page and line or to line alone. Accents and marks of quantity are not reproduced.

Corpus Christi College 140, later hand (XI)

5. Observance of Sunday, ed. Priebsch, Otia Mersiana, I, 129ff.

2. gaton 2; hwilcon 14; eagon 39; eallon 41; lytlan 61; breostan 87;
halgan 90; eagon 91; handon 91; þison 101

3. willa 3, note; wiðtuga 93, note

Corpus Christi College 162 (XI)

6. On the Observance of Sunday, ed. Napier, Furnivall Miscellany, pp. 357–362.
2. dan 358, 9 f.b.; wædlan and wudewan 358, 6 f.b.; cyrican 360, 17;
steorran 360, 2 f.b.

Corpus Christi College 173 (c. 1100)

7. Chronicle, late interpolations in Parker MS, printed by Plummer in italics;
ed. Plummer, Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel.

2. rihton p. 8; Seaxon p. 12; þan p. 18; rihtan p. 22; þysan p. 52; þan

p. 104

3. None

4. witegunge p. 22

Corpus Christi College 178 (XI)

8. Exameron, ed. Crawford, Bibliothek der angelsächsischen prosa, X.5
2. Jinan 77; gegadan 300

3. drihte 454

9. Interrogationes Sigewulfi, ed. MacLean, Halle, 1883, lines 1-300.

2. swutelungean 17; micclan 43; þan 55; ærran 99; hwilon 114; 120
(twice)

10. Rule of St. Benedict, ed. Schröer, Bibliothek der angelsächsischen prosa, II,
9-23, 32-36, 45-64.

2. niwan 9, 6; hwilon 9, 15; þweoran 18, 7; miclan 32, 2; þisan 33, 9;
scortan 34, 10; nihton 34, 10; rican 45, 15; mannan 45, 15; eallan 51, 9; godan
54, 16; þysan 57, 10; ælcan 57, 19

3. willa 22, 2; slapule 47, 17

Corpus Christi College 191 (early XI)

11. Rule of Chrodegang, ed. Napier, E.E.T.S., pp. 1-63.

2. nanon 9, 25; gerysnon 10, 24; þingon 10, 34; getrywestan 19, 18;
þingan 21, 27; domon 25, 14; gesettan 32, 29; alcon 33, 12; ricon 33, 21; etc.
3. See LFn 20 (5); also: a (for on) 36, 30; ma (for indefinite man) passim

51 Crawford prints the text of Hatton 115 and gives the variants of the other
MSS.

Corpus Christi College 198, f. 14552

12. Ermahnung gegen einige laster, ed. Assmann, Bibliothek der angelsächsischen

Prosa III, 144-150.

2. wisan 106; mannun 132, note; ungeændudan 134

3. sceolde 100, note

4. andlifne 32, note; rihtwisnysse 107, note

Corpus Christi College 198, f. 374b; different hand from preceding

13. De Sancto Johanne, ed. Kluge, Englische Studien, VIII, 477-479.

2. None

3. otun (for on tun) 9

4. dune 7

Corpus Christi College 198, f. 386; different hand from both preceding 14. Legend of St. Andrew, ed. Bright, Anglo-Saxon Reader, pp. 113-128. 2. miclen 113, 11, note; wyrstan 124, 27

Corpus Christi College 201, first hand (XI)

15. Fragment of Regularis Concordia, ed. Zupitza, Archiv. f.d. Studium d. neueren Sprachen, LXXXIV, 1ff.

2. alban 11; cildon 20; candelan 28; þan 43; 45; swiguhtan 57; þan 72; foresædon nihton 81; gedremæn 87, note; þan 137; þenan 194; þan 209 3. o (for on) 56

Corpus Christi College 201, second hand (XI)

16. Wulfstan's Homilies, ed. Napier, homilies 27, 28, 38, 39, 41; pp. 128-134, 180-181, 190-191.

2. bocan 130, 11; swilcan 130, 14; þillican bisenan 132, 5; suman 132, 8; rihtan getrywðan 132, 22; þegnan 132, 24; yldran 134, 1; hetelican 180, 10; penigan 181, 9; scillingan 181, 10; bedridan 181, 14; æghwilcan 181, 20; ælcan 181, 24; 181, 26; sinfullan 190, 14; wislican laran 191, 15

3. gehwilca 129, 2, note

17. Aelfric's First letter to Wulfstan, ed. Fehr, Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Prosa, IX, 68-140.

2. cristenan tidan 8a; ælcon 40; siðan 71; wican 82; ænigan 155a; sumon 173; clænan 189; rihtan 200; gastlican wæpnan 200a

18. Hadbot, ed. Liebermann, Gesetze der Angelsachsen, I, 464–469.

2. siðan 1; godcundan 5; 6; 7; 8; godcundan rihtlagan 11

19. Apollonius of Tyre, ed. Zupitza, Archiv. f.d. Studium d. neueren Sprachen XCVII, 18ff.

2. gehywedan 19, 9; andweardan 23, 11; þillicon þingon 30, 31; gimmon 31, 20; fullon 31, 29; minon 31, 38; cynelican 32, 2; limon 33, 3

52 James, Descriptive Catalogue of MSS of Corpus Christi College, 1. 475, says as to the date of this MS merely that it is in various hands of the tenth and eleventh centuries.

3. twege 18, 22, note; æghwano 19, 17, note; mitta 23, 4, note; tharsysce 23, 11; hungrige 23, 7, note; nama 23, 20, note; ungecnawe 27, 33, note

4. ceastre 18, 4; smiltnesse 23, 36; mildheortnesse 30, 7

Corpus Christi College 302 (XI)

20. Ueber das jüngste gericht, ed. Assmann, Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Prosa, III, 164-169.

2. eagan 39; ælcan 63; ecan 76; sopfæstan 119

3. goda lichama 93, note; a (for on) 125

4. sawle 93

21. Exameron, ed. Crawford, Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Prosa, X.53

2. opran 140; upplican 155; 156; gearlican þingon 218; bradan 237; sceortan sweoran 257; ælcon 377; earman 394; lichamlican 405

3. See LFn 12 (4)

4. bradnesse 136; örynesse 338

Corpus Christi College 303 (XII)

22. Aelfric's Homily on Judith, ed. Assmann, Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Prosa, III, 102-116.

2. pan, dan 191; 275; 282; 349; 357; gewissan 248

3. See LFn 2 (3)

23. Excommunicatio, ed. Liebermann, Gesetze der Angelsachsen, I, 438f.

2. eallen steden 13; recgan 14

3. halige 2

24. Passio Beatae Margaretae, ed. Assmann, Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Prosa, III, 170-180.

2. sawlen 29; gecorenan 30; halgan 32; þan 37; godan 90; fotan 118; þan mannen 138; handan 147; þan 152; to pan 184; hwiten 184; eagan 185; pan 201; 216; sumen 239; etc.

3. See LFn, number 6 in Table I, p. 238 (244)
4. sawle 63; 136

Corpus Christi College 322 (XI)

25. Gregory's Dialogues, ed. Hecht, Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Prosa, V, 44-111.

2. ylcan 58, 19; opran 63, 2; ylcan 71, 1; gledan 75, 19; þan 78, 32; sceancan 82, 28; etc.

sy onlihte and gebenede pa inge pancas (MS H has beon)

4. ungewittignesse 58, 1

Corpus Christi College 367 (c. 1100)

26. Vision of Leofric, ed. Napier, Transactions of Philological Society, 1908, pp. 180-188.

2. healf-slapendon 3; swetan 10; gangdagan 11; anan 36; cnapan 43; nihton 89

53 See note 51 above.